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==== Internment of Japanese-Canadians ==== Following the [[attack on Pearl Harbor]] in December 1941, Japanese Canadians were categorized by Canada as enemy aliens under the ''[[War Measures Act]]'', which began to remove their personal rights.<ref>Fujiwara, Aya. "Japanese-Canadian Internally Displaced Persons:Labour Relations and Ethno-Religious Identity in Southern Alberta, 1942–1953. Page 65</ref> Starting on December 8, 1941, 1,200 Japanese-Canadian-owned fishing vessels were impounded as a "defence measure."<ref>Sunahara (1981), 28.</ref> On January 14, 1942, the federal government passed an order calling for the removal of male Japanese nationals between 18 and 45 years of age from a designated protected area of 100 miles inland from the British Columbia coast, enacted a ban against Japanese-Canadian fishing during the war, banned shortwave radios and controlled the sale of gasoline and dynamite to Japanese Canadians.<ref>Sunahara (1981), 37.</ref> Japanese nationals removed from the coast after the January 14 order were sent to road camps around [[Jasper, Alberta]]. Three weeks later, on February 19, 1942, US President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed [[Executive Order 9066]], which called for the removal of [[Internment of Japanese Americans|110,000 people of Japanese ancestry]] from the American coastline. A historian of internment, Ann Sunahara, argues that "the American action sealed the fate of Japanese Canadians."<ref>Sunahara (1981), 46.</ref> On February 24, the federal government passed order-in-council PC 1468 which allowed for the [[Japanese-Canadian internment|removal of "all persons of Japanese origin"]]<ref>Sugiman, Pamela. "Life is Sweet: Vulnerability and Composure in the Wartime Narratives of Japanese Canadians". Journals of Canadian Studies. Winter 2009: 186-218, 262.</ref> This order-in-council allowed the [[Minister of Justice (Canada)|Minister of Justice]] the broad powers of removing people from any protected area in Canada, but was meant for Japanese Canadians on the Pacific coast in particular. On February 25, the federal government announced that Japanese Canadians were being moved for reasons of national security.<ref>Sunahara, Ann. "The Politics of Racism: The Uprooting of Japanese Canadians During the Second World War." Toronto: J, Larimer, 1981. Pg 47-48.</ref> In all, some 27,000 people were detained without charge or trial, and their property confiscated. Others were deported to Japan.<ref name="Kobayashi">Kobayashi, Audrey. "The Japanese-Canadian redress settlement and its implications for ‘race relations’" Canadian Ethnic Studies. Vol. 24, Issue 1.</ref> King and his Cabinet received conflicting intelligence reports about the potential threat from the Japanese. Major General [[Kenneth Stuart|Ken Stuart]] told Ottawa, "I cannot see that the Japanese Canadians constitute the slightest menace to national security."<ref>{{cite book |last=Sunahara |first=Ann Gomer |date=1981 |url=http://www.japanesecanadianhistory.ca/Politics_of_Racism.pdf |title=The Politics of Racism: The Uprooting of Japanese Canadians During the Second World War |publisher=James Lorimer |location=Ottawa |isbn=0-88862-413-1 |page=23 |access-date=December 6, 2014 |archive-date=November 1, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141101095313/http://japanesecanadianhistory.ca/Politics_of_Racism.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> In contrast, BC's attorney general, [[Gordon Sylvester Wismer]] reported that, while he had "the greatest respect for" and "hesitated to disagree with" the RCMP, "every law enforcement agency in this province, including ... the military officials charged with local internal security, are unanimous that a grave menace exists."<ref>{{cite book |title=Mutual Hostages: Canadians and Japanese during the Second World War |year=1990 |publisher=University of Toronto Press |location=Toronto |isbn=0-8020-5774-8 |page=51}}</ref>
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