Editing Trieste (section)

===Rail transport===
{{See also|Trieste Centrale railway station}}
[[File:Trieste Centrale (IMG 20211010 115938).jpg|thumb|right|[[Trieste Centrale railway station]]]]
[[Railway]]s came early to Trieste, due to the importance of its port and the need to transport people and goods inland. The first railroad line to reach Trieste was the [[Southern Railway (Austria)|Südbahn]], built by the [[Austrian Empire|Austrian]] government in 1857. This railway stretches for {{convert|1400|km|0|abbr=on}} to [[Lviv]], Ukraine, via [[Ljubljana]], Slovenia; [[Sopron]], [[Hungary]]; Vienna, [[Austria]]; and [[Kraków]], [[Poland]], crossing the backbone of the [[Alps]] mountains through the [[Semmering Pass]] near [[Graz]]. It approaches Trieste through the village of [[Villa Opicina]], a few kilometres from the centre but over {{convert|300|m|0|abbr=off}} higher in elevation. Due to this, the line takes a {{convert|32|km|0|abbr=off}} detour to the north, gradually descending before terminating at the [[Trieste Centrale railway station]].

In 1887, the [[Imperial Royal Austrian State Railways]] (German: {{lang|de|kaiserlich-königliche österreichische Staatsbahnen}}) opened a new railway line, the [[:it:Ferrovia Trieste-Erpelle|Trieste–Hrpelje railway]] (German: {{lang|de|Hrpelje-Bahn}}), from the new port of Trieste to [[Municipality of Hrpelje-Kozina|Hrpelje-Kozina]], on the [[:it:Ferrovia Istriana|Istrian railway]].<ref name="trenidicarta.it">{{cite web |author=Alessandro Tuzza |url=http://www.trenidicarta.it/aperture.html |title=Prospetto cronologico dei tratti di ferrovia aperti all'esercizio dal 1839 al 31 dicembre 1926 |trans-title=Chronological overview of the features of the railways opened between 1839 and 31 December 1926 |website=www.trenidicarta.it |publisher=Alessandro Tuzza |access-date=17 December 2010 |language=it |display-authors=etal}}</ref> The intended function of the new line was to reduce the Austrian Empire's dependence on the Südbahn network.<ref>{{cite web |author=Oberegger, Elmar |url=http://members.a1.net/edze/enzyklopaedie/hrpelje.htm |title=Hrpelje-Bahn |trans-title=Hrpelje Railway |others=Part of this series: Zur Eisenbahngeschichte des Alpen-Donau-Adria-Raumes |publisher=Oberegger, Elmar |access-date=7 March 2011 |language=de |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723001106/http://members.a1.net/edze/enzyklopaedie/hrpelje.htm |archive-date=23 July 2011 }}</ref> Its opening gave Trieste a second station south of the original one, which was named Trieste Sant'Andrea (German: {{lang|de|Triest Sankt Andrea}}). The two stations were connected by a railway line that in the initial plans was meant to be an interim solution: the [[:it:Linea delle Rive|Rive railway]] (German: {{lang|de|Rive-Bahn}}), which survived until 1981, when it was replaced by the [[:it:Linea di cintura (Trieste)|Galleria di Circonvallazione]], a {{convert|5.7|km|mi|adj=on}} railway tunnel route to the east of the city.

With the opening of the [[Bohinj Railway|Transalpina Railway]] from Vienna, Austria via [[Jesenice railway station|Jesenice]] and [[Nova Gorica railway station|Nova Gorica]] in 1906, the St. Andrea station was replaced by a new, more capacious, facility, named Trieste stazione dello Stato (German: {{lang|de|Triest Staatsbahnhof}}), later [[:it:Stazione di Trieste Campo Marzio|Trieste Campo Marzio]], now a railway museum, and the original station came to be identified as Trieste stazione della Meridionale or Trieste Meridionale (German: {{lang|de|Triest Südbahnhof}}). This railway also approached Trieste via Villa Opicina, but it took a rather shorter loop southwards towards the sea front. Freight lines from the dock area include container services to northern Italy and to Budapest, Hungary, together with [[rolling highway]] services to Salzburg, Austria and Frankfurt, Germany.

There are direct intercity and high-speed trains between Trieste and Venice, Verona, Turin, Milan, Rome, Florence, Naples and Bologna. Passenger trains also run between Villa Opicina and Ljubljana.

On special occasion, the historic ETR 252 "Arlecchino" runs the Venezia Santa Lucia-Trieste Centrale route, operated by Fondazionefs. This is one of four examples ever built.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rapido Arlecchino |url=https://www.fondazionefs.it/content/fondazionefs/it/treni-storici/2022/10/9/rapido-arlecchino.html |access-date=2022-10-20 |website=www.fondazionefs.it |language=it}}</ref>