Editing Sexism (section)

=== Gendercide and forced sterilization ===

[[File:2012 Birth Sex Ratio World Map.jpg|thumb|upright=0.9|left|alt= World map showing birth sex ratios |World map of birth sex ratios, 2012]]
[[File:Something you wouldn't see in America (cropped).jpg|thumb|upright=0.7|alt=Sign in an Indian clinic reading "Prenatal disclosure of sex of foetues is prohibited under law" in English and Hindi.]]<!-- WP:Caption "Not every image ..." -->
[[File:G106-Dajipu-to-Daye-hills-0068.jpg|thumb|upright=0.7|left|alt= Roadside graffiti reading:"Crack down on medically unnecessary fetus sex identification and pregnancy termination practices." |"Crack down on medically unnecessary fetus sex identification and pregnancy termination practices."]]

[[Female infanticide]] is the killing of newborn female children, while female [[sex-selective abortion|selective abortion]] is the terminating of a pregnancy based upon the female sex of the fetus. [[Gendercide]] is the systematic killing of members of a specific gender and it is an extreme form of gender-based violence.<ref name="EIGE">{{cite web |url=http://eige.europa.eu/content/what-is-gender-based-violence |title=What is gender-based violence? |website=EIGE |access-date=September 24, 2013 |archive-date=May 9, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150509145046/http://eige.europa.eu/content/what-is-gender-based-violence}}</ref><ref name="BBC Ethics Guide">{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/ethics/abortion/medical/infanticide_1.shtml |title=Ethics—Abortion: Female infanticide |website=BBC |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240116171112/https://www.bbc.co.uk/ethics/abortion/medical/infanticide_1.shtml |archive-date= Jan 16, 2024 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gsdrc.org/go/topic-guides/gender/gender-based-violence |title=Gender-based violence |publisher=GSDRC  |access-date=March 31, 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150414235651/http://www.gsdrc.org/go/topic-guides/gender/gender-based-violence |archive-date= Apr 14, 2015 }}</ref> Female infanticide is more common than male infanticide, and is especially prevalent in [[South Asia]], in countries such as [[Female infanticide in China|China]], [[Female infanticide in India|India]] and [[Female infanticide in Pakistan|Pakistan]].<ref name="BBC Ethics Guide" /><ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/6934540.stm |work=BBC News |first=Nick |last=Bryant |title=Girls at risk amid India's prosperity |date=August 18, 2007 |access-date=March 31, 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101131250/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/6934540.stm |archive-date= Jan 1, 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.domesticviolenceservices.com/female-infanticide.html |title=Female Infanticide in India and China |access-date=September 24, 2013}}</ref> Recent studies suggest that over 90&nbsp;million [[Missing women of Asia|women and girls are missing]] in China and India as a result of infanticide.<ref>"[https://www.nytimes.com/2005/11/24/opinion/24iht-edswami.html?_r=0 Missing: 50 million Indian girls]". The New York Times. November 25, 2005</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://iussp2005.princeton.edu/download.aspx?submissionId=51345 |title=Estimation of the Number of Missing Females in China: 1900-2000 |access-date=July 15, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120420051451/http://iussp2005.princeton.edu/download.aspx?submissionId=51345 |archive-date=April 20, 2012}}</ref>

Sex-selective abortion involves terminating a pregnancy based upon the predicted sex of the baby. The abortion of female fetuses is most common in areas where a culture values male children over females,<ref name="Goodkind 1999" /> such as parts of [[East Asia]] and South Asia (China, India, Korea), the [[Caucasus]] (Azerbaijan, Armenia and Georgia), and [[Western Balkans]] (Albania, Macedonia, Montenegro, Kosovo).<ref name="Goodkind 1999">{{cite journal |year=1999 |title=Should Prenatal Sex Selection be Restricted?: Ethical Questions and Their Implications for Research and Policy |journal=Population Studies |volume=53 |issue=1 |pages=49–61 |doi=10.1080/00324720308069 |jstor=2584811 |author=Goodkind, Daniel}}</ref><ref name="Gettis 2004">{{cite book |first1=A. |last1=Gettis |first2=J. |last2=Getis |first3=J. D. |last3=Fellmann |year=2004 |title=Introduction to Geography |edition=Ninth |location=New York |publisher=[[McGraw-Hill]] |page=200 |isbn=978-0-07-252183-2}}</ref> One reason for this preference is that males are seen as generating more income than females. The trend has grown steadily over the previous decade, and may result in a future shortage of women.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/03/110314132244.htm |title=The impact of sex selection and abortion in China, India and South Korea |website=ScienceDaily |language=en |access-date=August 26, 2019}}</ref>

[[Forced sterilization]] and [[forced abortion]] are also forms of gender-based violence.<ref name="EIGE" /> Forced sterilization was practiced during the first half of the 20th century by many Western countries and there are reports of this practice being currently employed in some countries, such as [[Uzbekistan]] and China.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-17612550 |work=BBC News |title=Uzbekistan's policy of secretly sterilising women |date=April 12, 2012 |access-date=March 31, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b01fjx63 |title=BBC Radio 4—Crossing Continents, Forced Sterilisation in Uzbekistan |website=BBC |access-date=March 31, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/regions/asia-pacific/china/130409/china-mother-dies-after-forced-sterilization-one-child-policy |title=China 'one-child' policy: Mother of 2 dies after forced sterilization—GlobalPost |website=[[GlobalPost]]|date=April 9, 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/news-and-updates/thousands-risk-forced-sterilization-china-2010-04-22 |title=Everything you need to know about human rights |website=Amnesty International |access-date=March 31, 2015 |archive-date=May 29, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130529125647/https://www.amnesty.org/en/news-and-updates/thousands-risk-forced-sterilization-china-2010-04-22}}</ref>

In China, the [[one child policy]] interacting with the low status of women has been deemed responsible for many abuses, such as female infanticide, sex-selective abortion, abandonment of baby girls, forced abortion, and forced sterilization.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-34667551 |title=Explainer: What was China's one-child policy? |date=29 October 2015 |work=BBC News}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2013/may/06/chinas-barbaric-one-child-policy |title=China's barbaric one-child policy |first=Ma |last=Jian |date=May 6, 2013 |newspaper=The Guardian}}</ref>

In India, the custom of dowry is strongly related to female infanticide, sex-selective abortion, abandonment and mistreatment of girls.<ref>{{cite web |author=Kirti Singh |date=August 2013 |title=Laws and Son Preference in India: A Reality Check |url=http://india.unfpa.org/drive/LawsandSonPreferenceinIndia.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140313094849/http://india.unfpa.org/drive/LawsandSonPreferenceinIndia.pdf |archive-date=March 13, 2014 |publisher=United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA)—India}}</ref> Such practices are especially present in the northwestern part of the country: [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]], [[Haryana]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], [[Uttarakhand]] and [[Delhi]]. (See [[Female foeticide in India]] and [[Female infanticide in India]]).