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==References== * Bibby, John, and Holbrook, Thomas. 2004. ''Politics in the American States: A Comparative Analysis, 8th Edition''. Ed. [[Virginia Gray (political scientist)|Virginia Gray]] and Russell L. Hanson. Washington D.C.: CQ Press, pp. 62β100 * Brereton Charles. ''First in the Nation: New Hampshire and the Premier Presidential Primary''. Portsmouth, NH: Peter E. Randall Publishers, 1987 * [https://web.archive.org/web/20140104204227/http://www.electology.org/electoral-system-summary The Center for Election Science. Electoral System Summary] * Cross, William P., Kenig, Ofer, Pruysers, Scott, and Rahat, Gideon. 2016. ''The promise and challenge of party primary elections: a comparative perspective''. Montreal. * Hershey, Majorie. ''Political Parties in America, 12th Edition''. New York: Pearson Longman, 2007. pp. 157β73 * [https://www.journals.ehu.lt/index.php/topos/article/view/1045/924 Jeremias, Ralf. "Primary Elections in the USA: Between Republicanism and Democracy". ''Topos. Journal for Philosophy and Cultural Studies'', 1/2021, pp. 55-72.] * Kendall, Kathleen E. ''Communication in the Presidential Primaries: Candidates and the Media, 1912β2000'' (2000) * [http://www.fairvote.org/congressional-and-presidential-primaries-open-closed-semi-closed-and-top-two#.T7UMVlLkoz4 ''Primaries: Open and Closed''] * Palmer, Niall A. ''The New Hampshire Primary and the American Electoral Process'' (1997) * Scala, Dante J. ''Stormy Weather: The New Hampshire Primary and Presidential Politics'' (2003) * Ware, Alan. ''The American Direct Primary: Party Institutionalization and Transformation in the North'' (2002)], the invention of primaries around 1900 --they were promoted by regular party leaders as well as reformers [http://www.ncsl.org/research/elections-and-campaigns/primary-types.aspx online]
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