Editing Pau, Pyrénées-Atlantiques (section)

== Culture ==
{{Unreferenced section|date=December 2023}}
The town of Pau is marked by a strong cultural identity, with the presence of a French-Occitan bilingual school ([[calandreta]] ''Paulina'') (90 students) in Pau and one in the metropolitan area in Lescar (60 students), by a living practice of [[Béarnese dialect|Béarnese]] and the success of the Occitan cultural groups. The city has, however, received foreign influences of major importance (English, Spanish, Russian, Brazilian) and remains very open to the outside with a large English student community, along with the presence of Dutch, Portuguese, Spaniards and Moroccans. Near [[Dax, Landes|Dax]], [[Bayonne]] and [[Biarritz]], the Pau people have a love of city [[Feria (festival)|ferias]]. The bandas, bodegas (drinking places with typical animation) and Béarnese singing groups are numerous including ''Nadau'', ''Lo Cèu de Pau'' and ''Balaguera''. Since 2005, the city hosts the festival Hestiv'oc which is the grand festival of Occitania. The University of Pau, [[Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour]], also often hosts concerts and cultural events.

The Association of the Palois and Béarnese in Paris, ''La Garbure'', was founded around 1890 by a Béarnese pharmacist who went to the capital to open a shop on [[Boulevard Haussmann]]. The history of this association, which has never had official status, is transmitted only orally. However, the original spirit remains the same. The "expatriates" meet two or three times a year in a friendly atmosphere to speak of the country around a good meal. Without issue, and without political dimension, although politicians like [[Louis Barthou]], [[François Bayrou]] and others have never neglected this "sounding board" which also brings together celebrities from entertainment, from information and from gastronomy.

=== Language ===
The [[Béarnese dialect|Béarnese]] state language, before 1789, was a [[Gascon language|Gascon]] dialect of [[Occitan language|Occitan]]. For the anecdote, there is an English-Béarnese dictionary for the use of the British who were vacationing in Pau. One theory of the origin of the word ''caddie'' was that it was formed at [[Pau Golf Club]] (Billère) from the Béarnese ''capdèth''.

The Ostau Bearnés is a Pau organization bringing together all who practice or teach the language.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ostaubearnes.fr/|title=Ostau Bearnés|access-date=12 April 2015}}</ref>

=== Centres and cultural facilities ===
[[File:ZénithdePau.jpg|thumb|The {{Interlanguage link|Zénith de Pau|fr|3=Zénith de Pau}}]]
[[File:Palais Beaumont.JPG|thumb|The {{Interlanguage link|Palais Beaumont|fr}}]]

*The {{Interlanguage link|Zénith de Pau|fr|3=Zénith de Pau|lt=Zénith}}: Very modern with a capacity of 6,800 (or up to 4,500 seats), it hosts national and international artists in operas, concerts, cabarets, shows and circus on ice. It is located near the Palais des Sports, on ''Boulevard Cami Salié''.
*The André Labarrère Intercommunal Library, on ''Place Marguerite Laborde'', is the work of architect Daniel Rubin, and opened its doors in June 2012. It was intended as the bridgehead of a network of ten libraries in the Pau-Pyrenees agglomeration. A sober architecture, block compact glass and steel and occupying less than {{convert|2000|m2|sqft}}, the ground space revolves around a huge interior with a {{convert|17|m}}-high atrium serving 3 floors: {{convert|5400|m2|sqft}}, 184,000 documents (including 14,000 CDs and 7,000 DVDs) and 400 titles of journals are thus made available to all. A 120-seat auditorium, an exhibition hall of {{convert|198|m2|sqft}}, the news space or Interlude Space has also been built within the structure. Originally laid down on a section of Beaumont Park as part of a project by architect [[Zaha Hadid]] (Priktzer 2004 Award winner), financial and technical constraints changed the views of the mayor in early 2007 and finally brought the media library to a part of the site occupied by the Henry-IV School.
*The {{Interlanguage link|Palais Beaumont|fr}}, auditorium, home of the Symphony Orchestra of Pau-Pays de Béarn. The congress centre is part of the grouping of the HCCE (Historic Conference Centres of Europe).
*The {{Interlanguage link|Parc des expositions de Pau|fr}}: Located to the west of the city, straddling Pau and [[Billère]], it welcomes 450,000 visitors and 200 events per year.
*The Méga CGR Cinema located next to the university is equipped with 12 digital and 3D screens. The multiplex offers a large and public programming.
*The CGR Saint-Louis Cinema in the city centre is equipped with 7 digital rooms. Renovated in October 2012, it offers intermediate programming between [[Art film|arthouse]] and trials and commercial movies, including several movies per week operated both in VF (French version) and OVFST (original version subtitled French).
*The ''Le Méliès'' Cinema: Housed in a former church, this arthouse and trial cinema offers a rich and diverse programming with three labels; "young audiences", "research and discovery" and "heritage and directory". It has two rooms (306 and 100 seats). The cinema offers thematic evenings and events in partnership with various cultural actors (''Cin'es'pace'', a summer at the movies, etc.) and organises a festival every year (the International Festival of Film of Pau).
*''Les Abattoirs'' [The Slaughterhouses]: Is an intercommunal cultural hub (PCI) at Billère: The old slaughterhouse was renovated into cultural centre of modern art, ''Le Bel Ordinaire'', the centre houses a concert hall, ''l'Ampli'', exhibition halls, a theatre stage and recording studios. Public cultural facilities, the PCI puts support for contemporary art and the territorial cultural cooperation at the heart of its missions. One of the specifics of the project is to enable cultural structures, associations, artists and inhabitants to join the project, so that they can be involved in its development and its implementation.
*The Centrifuge: The Centrifuge is the cultural service of the University of Pau and Pays de l'Adour but also a room for concerts, performances and an exhibition space located in the student home on the campus. Throughout the year, eclectic and quality international programming is offered.
*The ''La Pépinière'' [Nursery] Socio-cultural centre.

=== Museums ===
[[File:Edgar Germain Hilaire Degas 016.jpg|thumb|Edgar Degas, ''Le Bureau du coton à la Nouvelle-Orléans'' (The cotton office in New Orleans), 1873, at the Musée des Beaux-Arts de Pau]]
[[File:Pau Bernadotte rue Tran (2).jpg|thumb|upright|Entrance to the {{Interlanguage link|Musée Bernadotte|fr}}, on ''Rue Tran'']]

*National Museum of the [[Château de Pau]]: created in 1929 and housed in the castle in which was born the future [[Henry IV of France|Henry IV]] on 13 December 1553. Not only a genuine medieval fortress, but also a Renaissance palace and Royal residence, this museum located in the center of the city is one of the most visited national museums of France (average of 100,000 visitors per year).{{citation needed|date=May 2019}} Successive conservators are keen to bring together paintings, art objects and documents relating to the time of Henry IV. Inside, simple and warm decor with wood-panelled walls, enhanced with threads of gold, coffered ceilings and Gobelins tapestries, houses one of the collections of France.
*{{Interlanguage link|Musée des beaux-arts de Pau|fr}}: Inaugurated in 1864 under the initiative of ''Société béarnaise des amis des arts'' [Béarnaise society of friends of arts], this museum only housed a collection of twenty-five pieces, completed in 1872 by the donation of the Béarnais collector Louis La Caze. It was the first museum in 1878 to show a significant work by [[Edgar Degas|Degas]], ''Le bureau du coton à la Nouvelle-Orléans'' [The cotton office in New Orleans]. It presents ancient and contemporary works from the 15th to the 20th century, with paintings of Spanish, Flemish, Dutch, English, French and Italian schools: [[Jan Brueghel the Elder|Brueghel]], Degas, [[El Greco]], [[Armand Guillaumin|Guillaumin]], [[Jacob Jordaens|Jordaens]], [[André Lhote|Lhote]], [[Berthe Morisot|Morisot]], [[Jean-Marc Nattier|Nattier]], [[Jusepe de Ribera|Ribera]], [[Peter Paul Rubens|Rubens]], [[Van Loo]], [[Francisco de Zurbarán|Zurbarán]] and regional artists [[Eugène Devéria]] (1805–1865) and Victor Galos (1828–1879). There is a large collection of sculptures of the 19th century, with works by Arp, Glioli and Lasserre. Of many fine art [[Printmaking|prints]] relating to the region, including the [[Watercolor painting|watercolour]] by [[Gustave Doré]] ''Cirque de Gavarnie'', as well as contemporary works by Soto, Vasarely and the hyperrealistic Pau school artists, which complete the picture.
*{{Interlanguage link|Musée Bernadotte|fr}}: The modest home of a cooper that saw the birth and growth of [[Charles XIV John of Sweden|Jean-Baptiste Jules Bernadotte]], who became Marshal of France and King of Sweden in 1818 and founder of the current ruling family of that country. It contains a collection of works and objects relating to the history of this Béarnese person, it also has a realisation of classical living conditions of a family of the 18th century in Pau.
*The Béarnese Museum: Its reopening to the public is not currently scheduled. There were collections of popular arts and traditional objects of Béarn: [[Fauna]], [[flora]], [[costume]]s, furniture and [[Handicraft|crafts]] (manufacture of the beret, sneakers and clogs, weaving, quarry).
*{{Interlanguage link|Musée des parachutistes de Pau|fr|3=Musée des parachutistes de Pau|lt=Museum of paratroopers}}
*Museum of the resistance and the deportation, located since 2007 in the Villa Lawrance (Germanic-style villa created in 1857 and which is also the current headquarters of the ''English Circle'' which perpetuates the British tradition)<ref>Louis Sallenave, Un siècle à Pau et en Béarn, Presse et éditions de l'Adour, p. 2000</ref>
*Pau, land of aviation, at the Palais Beaumont, a permanent exhibition that traces the history of aviation in Pau.

=== Exhibition spaces ===
[[File:Pavillon des arts et funiculaire de Pau.JPG|thumb|The {{Interlanguage link|Pavillon des Arts de Pau|fr|3=Pavillon des Arts de Pau|lt=Pavillon des Arts}}]]
*The {{Interlanguage link|Palais Beaumont|fr}}
*The {{Interlanguage link|Pavillon des Arts de Pau|fr|3=Pavillon des Arts de Pau|lt=Pavillon des Arts}}
*The [[peristyle]] of the [[Hôtel de Ville, Pau|Hôtel de Ville]]
*The André-Labarrère media library
*The Nouste-Henric Hall
*The Chapel of the Perseverance
*The ''Cité des Pyrénées''
*The department hall

=== Theatres and orchestral formations ===
*The {{Ill|Orchestra of Pau Pays de Béarn|fr|3=Orchestre de Pau Pays de Béarn}} (OPPB), was conducted from 2002 by [[Fayçal Karoui]]. This symphonic orchestra sits in the Alfred de Vigny Auditorium of the Palais Beaumont, but also in France and abroad ([[Zaragoza]], [[Nantes]] for [[La Folle Journée]], [[Festival de La Roque-d'Anthéron]], [[Ravenna]], Venice, Paris for the {{Ill|Festival Présences|fr}}). In 2012 the orchestra moved to Nantes, [[Bilbao]], and Tokyo for "Les Folles Journées" of these three cities.
*Two amateur orchestras: The Ossau and the EOP (Orchestral Ensemble of Pau)
*The Théâtre Saint-Louis, historic theatre of Pau near the {{Interlanguage link|Place Royale (Pau)|fr|3=Place Royale (Pau)|lt=Place Royale}} and the city hall
*The Saragosse Theatre, a subsidised dance-theatre Pau/Béarn with plural spaces in the Saragosse Quarter
*The Tam-Tam Theatre
*The Artscène Theatre
*The ''Théâtre du Monte-Charge''
*The Bourbaki Theatre (it closed its doors in 2014)

The ''Comédie des Mutins'' in [[Lescar]], in the Pau agglomeration, can be added to this list.

=== Festivals ===
[[File:Sent Pançard.jpg|thumb|The trial of Sent Pancard during the Carnival Biarnés]]
The city of Pau is home to many festivals throughout the year, including:

*Carnival Biarnés<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.carnavalbiarnes.com/|title=Carnaval Biarnes|access-date=14 April 2015}}</ref>
*Festival Hestiv'Oc,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hestivoc.com/|title=Hestiv'Oc|access-date=14 April 2015}}</ref> a "festival of music and culture of the south" established in 2005
*Festival CulturAmerica
*Ciné Cité
*''L'Été à Pau'' [The summer in Pau]
*Festival accès)s(, created in 2000 (electronic culture)<ref>[https://acces-s.org/a-propos/acces-s accès)s( culture(s) électronique)s](. Retrieved 10 January 2024.</ref>
*Festival Amplitudes
*Festival Beta Project
*''Festival Bulles d'Afrique''
*''Festival de danses plurielles''
*Festival of the Caribbean
*Festival of Portuguese-language Cinema
*Gay and lesbian film festival
*Board Game Festival of Pau<ref>{{cite web|url=http://festivaljeupau.fr/|title=Festival du Jeu de Société de Pau|access-date=14 April 2014}}</ref>
*Images Mountain Festival
*Festival HIP HOP NON STOP (organised by the Gare-urbaine association)
*Festival ''Regarder sur les Côtés'' [Look on the Sides]
*''Festival Le Brésil frappe à ta porte''
*Festival Mosaïka
*''Festival Pau ville Russe''
*Urban Session Festival
*{{Interlanguage link|Festival Emmaüs Lescar-Pau|fr}}
*International festival of Film of Pau (1st edition in November 2010)
*''Rencontres Internationales de Danse-Rezodanse''
*Tremplin Salsa Festival: International competition of Salsa