Editing Moscow (section)

===Cost of living===
{{See also|Hotels in Moscow}}
[[File:Moscow 09-13 img11 Tretyakovsky Passage.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Tretyakovsky Proyezd]]]]
[[File:2019-07-25-3032-Moscow-Nikolskaya-Street.jpg|thumb|[[Nikolskaya Street]]|alt=|left]]
[[File:Mitino-3_from_d40_2011-09N28.jpg|thumb|A [[microdistrict]] in [[Mitino District|Mitino]] built in the 1990s]]
During [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] times, apartments were lent to people by the government according to the square meters-per-person norm (some groups, including people's artists, heroes, and prominent scientists had bonuses according to their honors). [[Private ownership]] of apartments was limited until the 1990s when people were permitted to secure property rights to their inhabited places. Since the Soviet era, estate owners have had to pay the service charge for their residences, a fixed amount based on persons per living area.

The price of [[real estate]] in Moscow continues to rise. Today, one could expect to pay $4,000 on average per square meter (11 sq ft) on the outskirts of the city<ref>{{cite web |url=http://waybackmachine.org/*/http://rus.intermark.ru/about-us/press/mt_20_10/ |title=US$4,500 for a Square Meter of Apartment Space. The Moscow Times |publisher=Waybackmachine.org |date=19 July 2011 |access-date=10 June 2012 }}</ref> or US$6,500–$8,000 per square meter in a prestigious district. The price sometimes may exceed US$40,000 per square meter in a flat.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://regnum.ru/news/643249.html |title=Преодолен абсолютный рекорд роста цен на недвижимость: московский стройкомплекс в зеркале СМИ |website=ИА REGNUM |access-date=1 April 2021 |archive-date=10 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410052915/https://regnum.ru/news/643249.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Humphries |first=Conor |title=Dividing the Spoils of the Boom |url=http://www.stroi.ru/eng/default.aspx?d=5&dr=901&m=13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070817152833/http://www.stroi.ru/eng/default.aspx?d=5&dr=901&m=13 |archive-date=17 August 2007 |newspaper=The Moscow Times |date=20 June 2006 |access-date=14 July 2006 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://mosday.ru/info/article.php?realty-2006 |title=Costs of realty in Moscow (2006) |publisher=Mosday.ru |language=ru |access-date=4 August 2006 |archive-date=2 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140702171121/http://mosday.ru/info/article.php?realty-2006 |url-status=live }}</ref> It costs about US$1,200 per month to rent a one-bedroom apartment and about US$1,000 per month for a studio in the center of Moscow.

A typical one-bedroom apartment is about {{convert|30|m2|sqft|spell=in|lk=out|abbr=off}}, a typical two-bedroom apartment is {{convert|45|m2|sqft|spell=in|abbr=off}}, and a typical three-bedroom apartment is {{convert|70|m2|sqft|spell=in|abbr=off}}. Many cannot move out of their apartments, especially if a family lives in a two-room apartment originally granted by the state during the Soviet era. Some city residents have attempted to cope with the cost of living by renting their apartments while staying in [[dacha]]s (country houses) outside the city.

In 2006, Mercer Human Resources Consulting named Moscow the world's [[List of most expensive cities for expatriate employees|most expensive city for expatriate employees]], ahead of perennial winner Tokyo, due to the stable [[Russian ruble]] as well as increasing housing prices within the city.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://money.cnn.com/2006/06/23/pf/expensive_cities/index.htm |last=Sahadi |first=Jeanne |date=23 June 2006 |access-date=4 July 2006 |publisher=CNNMoney |title=World's most expensive cities |archive-date=3 July 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060703140408/https://money.cnn.com/2006/06/23/pf/expensive_cities/index.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> Moscow also ranked first in the 2007 edition and 2008 edition of the survey. However, Tokyo has overtaken Moscow as the most expensive city in the world, placing Moscow at third behind Osaka in second place.<ref name="mercer.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.mercer.com/costoflivingpr#Top_50 |title=Worldwide Cost of Living survey 2009 |publisher=Mercer.com |date=7 July 2009 |access-date=15 June 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100615061034/http://www.mercer.com/costoflivingpr |archive-date=15 June 2010 }}</ref>

In 2008, Moscow ranked top on the [[list of most expensive cities]] for the third year in a row.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.msn.com/en-us/money |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080805100832/http://realestate.msn.com/buying/Article_forbes.aspx?cp-documentid=8839818&GT1=35000 |url-status=dead |title=Stock Quotes, Business News and Data from Stock Markets &#124; MSN Money |archive-date=5 August 2008 |website=www.msn.com }}</ref>

In 2014, according to ''Forbes'', Moscow was ranked the 9th most expensive city in the world. ''Forbes'' ranked Moscow the 2nd most expensive city the year prior.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/deborahljacobs/2014/07/10/the-most-expensive-cities-in-the-world/ |title=The Most Expensive Cities In The World |first=Deborah L. |last=Jacobs |work=forbes.com |access-date=22 August 2017 |archive-date=14 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714004726/https://www.forbes.com/sites/deborahljacobs/2014/07/10/the-most-expensive-cities-in-the-world/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 2019 the Economist Intelligence Unit's Worldwide Cost of Living survey put Moscow to 102nd place in the biannual ranking of 133 most expensive cities.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2019/03/19/moscow-nose-dives-in-global-living-cost-rankings-a64863 |title=Moscow Nose-Dives in Global Living Cost Rankings |work=[[The Moscow Times]] |date=19 March 2019 |access-date=30 September 2020 |archive-date=20 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190320124846/https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2019/03/19/moscow-nose-dives-in-global-living-cost-rankings-a64863 |url-status=live }}</ref> ECA International's Cost of Living 2019 Survey ranked Moscow at number 120 among 482 locations worldwide.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.eca-international.com/news/june-2019/europe-falls-behind-usa-in-cost-of-living |title=Europe falls behind USA in cost of living |work=[[ECA International]] |date=13 June 2019 |access-date=30 September 2020 |archive-date=16 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190616212508/https://www.eca-international.com/News/June-2019/Europe-falls-behind-USA-in-cost-of-living |url-status=live }}</ref>