Editing Metro Manila (section)

===Transportation===
{{Main|Transportation in Metro Manila}}
{{See also|Metro Manila Dream Plan}}

According to the [[Land Transportation Franchising and Regulatory Board (Philippines)|Land Transportation Franchising and Regulatory Board]], public ridership in Metro Manila composes of the following: 46% of the people go around by [[jeepney]]s, 32% by private vehicle, 14% by bus, and 8% use the railway system.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Katerina Francisco |date=March 5, 2015 |title=Fixing traffic: Jeeps eyed as feeders to bus routes |work=Rappler |url=http://www.rappler.com/nation/85871-jeepney-feeder-vehicle-transport-plan |url-status=live |access-date=March 5, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150306193415/http://www.rappler.com/nation/85871-jeepney-feeder-vehicle-transport-plan |archive-date=March 6, 2015}}</ref> Transportation development in Metro Manila follows the [[Metro Manila Dream Plan]], which consists of building short-term to long-term infrastructure lasting up to 2030 and addressing its issues on traffic, land use and environment.<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 2, 2014 |title=JICA transport study lists strategies for congestion-free MM by 2030 |url=http://www.jica.go.jp/philippine/english/office/topics/news/140902.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150802043347/http://www.jica.go.jp/philippine/english/office/topics/news/140902.html |archive-date=August 2, 2015 |access-date=March 27, 2015 |publisher=[[Japan International Cooperation Agency]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Jerry E. Esplanada |date=April 20, 2014 |title=Japan presents $57-B 'dream plan' to solve Metro congestion |newspaper=[[Philippine Daily Inquirer|INQUIRER.net]] |url=http://globalnation.inquirer.net/102377/japan-presents-57-b-dream-plan-to-solve-metro-congestion/ |url-status=live |access-date=March 27, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151116072021/http://globalnation.inquirer.net/102377/japan-presents-57-b-dream-plan-to-solve-metro-congestion |archive-date=November 16, 2015}}</ref>

====Roads and highways====
{{Main|List of roads in Metro Manila}}
[[File:EDSA-Estrella, Guadalupe (Makati; 06-20-2021).jpg|thumb|left|[[Estrella Flyover]] at [[EDSA]] in [[Makati]].]]
[[File:SLEX and Elevated Extension Southbound 2023-04-05.jpg|thumb|Southern tip of [[Metro Manila Skyway|Skyway]] at the [[South Luzon Expressway]] in [[Muntinlupa]].]]

The roads of Metro Manila are built around the [[Manila|City of Manila]]. Roads are classified as local, national or subdivision roads. There are ten radial roads branching out from the city. Also there are five circumferential roads forming a series of concentric semi-circular arcs around Manila. The circumferential and radial roads are systems of interconnected roads, bridges and highways. A problem with the circumferential roads are the missing road links. These are the roads that are not yet constructed to give way for development due to Metro Manila's rapid urbanization. The metropolis is resolving this problem through the completion of missing road links or through the construction of connector roads.

The radial and circumferential road system are being supplanted by a new numbered highway system implemented by the [[Department of Public Works and Highways]], and new signage are being placed with its implementation. Expressways are being assigned numbers with the E prefix. National roads are assigned 1 to 3 digit numbers, except for those classified as tertiary national roads.

An important circumferential road is the [[Circumferential Road 4]], with the [[EDSA|Epifanio de los Santos Avenue]] as its major component. It traverses the cities of [[Pasay]], [[Makati]], [[Mandaluyong]], [[Quezon City]] and [[Caloocan]]. [[Manila Metro Rail Transit System Line 3|Line 3]] follows the alignment of EDSA, from [[Taft Avenue]] in [[Pasay]] up to [[TriNoma]], terminating before it reaches [[Caloocan]]. [[Circumferential Road 5]] serves the people near the regional limits of Metro Manila and also serves as an alternate route for Circumferential Road 4.

Prominent radial roads include the Radial Road 1, composed of [[Roxas Boulevard]] and the [[Manila–Cavite Expressway]] (Coastal Road) that connects Metro Manila to [[Cavite]], Radial Road 3 or the [[South Luzon Expressway]] that connects Metro Manila to [[Laguna (province)|Laguna]], Radial Road 6, composed of [[Aurora Boulevard]] and [[Marikina–Infanta Highway|Marcos Highway]] that runs up to [[Rizal (province)|Rizal]] and Radial Road 8 or the [[North Luzon Expressway]] that serves as the gateway to the north.

The [[Skyway (Metro Manila)|Skyway]] serves as the region's main [[Controlled-access highway|expressway]], directly connecting the North Luzon Expressway and the South Luzon Expressway. It also enables access to Ninoy Aquino International Airport via the [[NAIA Expressway]] (NAIAX). The Skyway is the first fully grade-separated highway in the [[Philippines]] and one of the longest elevated highways in the world with a total length of approximately {{convert|42.79|km|mi|sp=us}}. Other expressways such as the Manila–Cavite Expressway and [[Muntinlupa–Cavite Expressway]] also connect Metro Manila to its surrounding areas.

The development of roads, highways and expressways are based on the [[Metro Manila Dream Plan]]. Ongoing projects in the dream plan include the rehabilitation of EDSA, [[CAVITEX–C-5 Link]], [[NLEX Connector]], and the construction of the missing road links for the circumferential roads.

====Railway systems====
{{Main|Rail transportation in the Greater Manila Area}}
{{multiple image
| perrow            = 2
| footer            = Various railway systems in Metro Manila; from top left to right: [[LRT Line 1]], [[LRT Line 2 (Metro Manila)|LRT Line 2]], [[MRT Line 3 (Metro Manila)|MRT Line 3]], and [[PNR Metro Commuter Line|PNR Metro Commuter]].
| align             = right
| width             = 160
| image1            = LRT 1 4th Generation Train (CAF Mitsubishi 13000 Series Manila; 2023-08-03) E911a 23.jpg
| alt1              = KRL
| image2            = MRT-2 Train Santolan 1.jpg
| alt2              = MRT
| image3            = MRT-3 train at EDSA-Ortigas Interchange (Mandaluyong; 03-21-2021).jpg
| alt3              = LRT
| image4            = INKA PNR 1.jpg
| alt4              = Airport rail link
}}

[[File:Metro Manila rail network.svg|thumb|System map of the Metro Manila railway system.]]Rail transportation in the Greater Manila Area is a major part of the [[Transportation in Metro Manila|transportation system]] in Metro Manila and [[Greater Manila Area|its surrounding areas]]. It consists of the [[Manila Light Rail Transit System]], [[Manila Metro Rail Transit System]], and the [[PNR Metro Commuter Line]]. As of 2021, the three systems and its four operational lines combined has [[List of rail transit stations in the Greater Manila Area|82 stations]], covering a total of {{convert|113.3|km|mi|1|abbr=on}}. The network makes up the majority of active railways in the country and bear the brunt of providing the metropolis with rail as a faster alternative mode of transport other than [[bus]]es and [[jeepney]]s. However, these systems are currently insufficient for the rapidly expanding metropolis; to address this, new lines and line extensions are under construction, which will extend the system far out into neighboring regions.<ref name=":23">{{Cite web |last=Times |first=The Manila |date=March 9, 2021 |title=Praiseworthy progress in commuter rail infrastructure |url=https://www.manilatimes.net/2021/03/09/opinion/editorial/praiseworthy-progress-in-commuter-rail-infrastructure/848945 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210324073538/https://www.manilatimes.net/2021/03/09/opinion/editorial/praiseworthy-progress-in-commuter-rail-infrastructure/848945/ |archive-date=March 24, 2021 |access-date=July 13, 2021 |website=The Manila Times |language=en}}</ref>

Several new railway projects are being undertaken by the national government and the private sector. These include the [[North–South Commuter Railway]], the [[Metro Manila Subway]], and [[MRT Line 7 (Metro Manila)|MRT Line 7]], all of which are under construction.<ref name=":23" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Balinbin |first=Arjay L. |date=February 5, 2021 |title=Deployment of 25 tunnel-boring machines signals big push for subway completion |work=BusinessWorld |url=https://www.bworldonline.com/deployment-of-25-tunnel-boring-machines-signals-big-push-for-subway-completion/ |url-status=live |access-date=July 13, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210206050038/https://www.bworldonline.com/deployment-of-25-tunnel-boring-machines-signals-big-push-for-subway-completion/ |archive-date=February 6, 2021}}</ref> Line extensions such as the LRT Line 1 Cavite extension and the LRT Line 2 West extension are in the pipeline.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=LOOK: Gov't to build 3 more Line 2 stations |url=https://news.abs-cbn.com/business/10/13/19/look-govt-to-build-3-more-lrt-2-stations |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200123222442/https://news.abs-cbn.com/business/10/13/19/look-govt-to-build-3-more-lrt-2-stations |archive-date=January 23, 2020 |access-date=January 30, 2020 |website=ABS-CBN News |language=en}}</ref> The proposed [[MRT Line 4 (Metro Manila)|MRT Line 4]] was also planned.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Piad |first=Tyrone Jasper C. |date=2024-11-15 |title=DOTr finalizing MRT 4 design after securing $1-B ADB funding for project |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/2005057/dotr-finalizing-mrt-4-design-after-securing-1-b-adb-funding-for-project |access-date=2025-04-23 |website=INQUIRER.net |language=en}}</ref> Other line extensions and railway lines are in the planning stage.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tutuban Center may become Manila's busiest station |url=http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/business/03/20/15/tutuban-center-may-becom≤e-manilas-busiest-transfer-station |access-date=March 21, 2015 |publisher=ABS-CBN News }}{{Dead link|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name=":3" />

====Air====
{{wide image|Ninoy Aquino International Airport Terminal 3 Panorama.jpg|900px|[[Ninoy Aquino International Airport]] Terminal 3}}
[[Ninoy Aquino International Airport]] (NAIA) is the only airport and the premier gateway in Metro Manila. It is the busiest airport in the Philippines.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Darwin G. Amojelar |date=September 3, 2012 |title=NAIA is Philippines' busiest airport – NSCB |url=http://www.interaksyon.com/business/36428/naia-is-philippines-busiest-airport---nscb |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130215103448/http://www.interaksyon.com/business/36428/naia-is-philippines-busiest-airport---nscb |archive-date=February 15, 2013 |access-date=June 29, 2013 |publisher=InterAksyon.com}}</ref> NAIA has four terminals: [[NAIA Terminal 1|Terminal 1]], Terminal 2 (which is exclusively used by [[Philippine Airlines]]), Terminal 3 (the newest and largest airport terminal in NAIA) and Terminal 4 (also known as the Manila Domestic passenger Terminal). The other airport that serves Metro Manila is [[Clark International Airport]] in [[Angeles City]] which is located {{convert|80|km|mi|sp=us}} away.

====Buses====
{{See also|List of bus routes in Metro Manila|Premium Point-to-Point Bus Service}}

Bus franchises in the region are regulated by the [[Land Transportation Franchising and Regulatory Board (Philippines)|Land Transportation Franchising and Regulatory Board]]. The [[Premium Point-to-Point Bus Service]] is the express bus system that runs from its dispatch terminal in Fairview up to the central business districts along [[EDSA]]. It aims to cut travel time substantially and provide a faster, safer and more convenient bus service to commuters, who are usually caught at the heavy traffic across the metropolis.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 23, 2015 |title=Express buses get underway on EDSA |url=http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/457517/news/metromanila/express-buses-get-underway-on-edsa |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150614191716/http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/457517/news/metromanila/express-buses-get-underway-on-edsa |archive-date=June 14, 2015 |access-date=May 22, 2015 |publisher=GMA News Online}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=March 20, 2015 |title=Gov't to launch express bus system in Metro Manila |url=http://www.bworldonline.com/content.php?section=Nation&title=govt-to-launch-express-bus-system-in-metro-manila&id=104760 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180705130637/http://www.bworldonline.com/content.php?section=Nation&title=govt-to-launch-express-bus-system-in-metro-manila&id=104760 |archive-date=July 5, 2018 |access-date=May 22, 2015 |publisher=BusinessWorld Online}}</ref> A second express bus link from SM North EDSA, [[Trinoma]] and SM Megamall to Makati opened in December 2015, and by January 2016 was the line on which, for the first time in nearly three decades, a [[double-decker bus]] traveled on EDSA, to the delight of motorists, followed by a third link, this time from [[Robinsons Galleria]] to the [[Ayala Center]] complex in February 2016 and a fourth in March linking the Ayala Center to the Alabang Town Center in Muntinlupa via the Metro Manila Skyway (and later to Ayala Malls South Park). As of the present express buses also link the Market Market mall and Circuit Makati to both the Nuvali residential township and the Pacita Village complex in San Pedro, both in Laguna, in services launched in 2014 and 2017, respectively (plus additional services to the UP Town Mall in Quezon City and SM Masinag in Antipolo, Rizal), while intercity express buses have been in operation since 2015 to alleviate traffic on EDSA. In 2018, additional services from the Makati CBD and from San Lorenzo Place up to Cavite debuted.

Metro Manila has a [[bus rapid transit]] (BRT) system, particularly the [[EDSA Carousel]]. Another BRT system will traverse for {{convert|27.7|km|mi|sp=us}} from [[Commonwealth Avenue, Quezon City|Commonwealth Avenue]] up to the [[Manila City Hall]]. The planned BRT system costs ₱4.9&nbsp;billion ($109.5&nbsp;million) and will have a fleet of 300 buses and 32 stations.<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 24, 2015 |title=DOTC eyeing bus rapid transit to ease traffic in Metro Manila |url=http://news.pia.gov.ph/article/view/231424688215/dotc-eyeing-bus-rapid-transit-to-ease-traffic-in-metro-manila |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402105112/http://news.pia.gov.ph/article/view/231424688215/dotc-eyeing-bus-rapid-transit-to-ease-traffic-in-metro-manila |archive-date=April 2, 2015 |access-date=March 23, 2015 |website=Philippine Information Agency}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=February 22, 2015 |title=DOTC: Metro Manila to have its first bus rapid transit operational by 2018 |url=http://www.interaksyon.com/business/105567/dotc-metro-manila-to-have-its-first-bus-rapid-transit-operational-by-2018 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150329073417/http://www.interaksyon.com/business/105567/dotc-metro-manila-to-have-its-first-bus-rapid-transit-operational-by-2018 |archive-date=March 29, 2015 |access-date=March 23, 2015 |publisher=[[News5|Interaksyon]]}}</ref>

====Ferry====
{{Main|Pasig River Ferry Service}}

The [[Pasig River Ferry Service]] run by the [[Metropolitan Manila Development Authority]] is the principal [[ferry]] shuttle system of Metro Manila. It traverses the [[Pasig River]] from Barangay Pinagbuhatan in [[Pasig]] to Plaza Mexico in [[Intramuros]]. Although it was referred to as a [[ferry]], it is more akin to a [[water taxi|water bus]]. It has 17 stations, but only 14 are operational. Another ferry route called the Manila-Bataan Ferry was launched on May 10, 2017, and traverses [[Manila Bay]] from the Bay Terminal at [[Cultural Center of the Philippines Complex|CCP Complex]] in Manila to [[Orion, Bataan]]. A new ferry route known as the Cavite-Manila Ferry Service that runs between [[Noveleta]], [[Cavite]] and [[Intramuros]] was launched in January 2018.