Editing Karate (section)

==In film and popular culture==
[[File:Bruce Lee 1973.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Bruce Lee]] is known for practicing many martial arts styles, including Karate, having trained with [[Chuck Norris]] for many years.]]
Karate spread rapidly in the West through popular culture. In 1950s popular fiction, karate was at times described to readers in near-mythical terms, and it was credible to show Western experts of unarmed combat as unaware of Eastern martial arts of this kind.<ref>For example, [[Ian Fleming]]'s book ''[[Goldfinger (novel)|Goldfinger]]'' (1959, p.91–95) describes the protagonist [[James Bond]], an expert in unarmed combat, as utterly ignorant of Karate and its demonstrations, and describes the Korean '[[Oddjob]]' in these terms: ''Goldfinger said, "Have you ever heard of Karate? No? Well that man is one of the three in the world who have achieved the [[Black belt (martial arts)|Black Belt]] in Karate. Karate is a branch of judo, but it is to judo what a [[Maschinengewehr 08|spandau]] is to a [[catapult]]...".'' Such a description in a popular novel assumed and relied upon Karate being almost unknown in the West.</ref>{{better source needed|date=September 2022}} Following the [[judo at the Summer Olympics|inclusion of judo]] at the [[1964 Tokyo Olympics]], there was growing mainstream Western interest in [[Japanese martial arts]], particularly karate, during the 1960s.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Polly |first1=Matthew |title=Bruce Lee: A Life |date=2019 |publisher=[[Simon and Schuster]] |isbn=978-1-5011-8763-6 |page=145 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5bGWDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA145}}</ref> By the 1970s, [[martial arts films]] (especially [[kung fu films]] and [[Bruce Lee]] flicks [[Hong Kong action cinema|from Hong Kong]]) had formed a mainstream genre and launched the "[[Chopsocky|kung fu craze]]" which propelled karate and other [[Asian martial arts]] into mass popularity. However, mainstream Western audiences at the time generally did not distinguish between different Asian martial arts such as karate, [[kung fu]] and [[tae kwon do]].<ref name="karate UFC">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/23/sports/23karate.html |title=Contender Shores Up Karate's Reputation Among U.F.C. Fans |access-date=30 January 2010 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=23 May 2009 |first=R. M. |last=Schneiderman |url-access=registration |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130507082556/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/23/sports/23karate.html |archive-date=7 May 2013 }}</ref>

In the [[film series]] [[James Bond|007]] (1953–present), the main [[protagonist]] [[James Bond (literary character)|James Bond]] is exceptionally skillful in martial arts. He is an expert in various types of martial arts including Karate, as well as Judo, Aikido, Brazilian jiu-jitsu, Filipino Eskrima and Krav Maga.{{citation needed|date=March 2024}}

During the late 20th century, specifically during the 80s and 90s, karate saw a rise in mainstream popularity. America in the 80s took hold of the martial arts craze and began to produce more homegrown films in the [[Martial arts film|martial arts genre]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Francis |first=Anthony |date=7 October 2020 |title=10 Best Martial Arts Movies Of The 80s, Ranked |url=https://screenrant.com/best-martial-arts-movies-80s-ranked/ |access-date=2023-05-07 |website=ScreenRant |language=en |archive-date=7 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230507053649/https://screenrant.com/best-martial-arts-movies-80s-ranked/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Films weren't the only popular visual representation of Karate in the 80s, just as [[Arcade game|arcades]] grew in popularity, so did Karate in arcade [[fighting game]]s. The first video game to feature fist fighting was ''[[Heavyweight Champ]]'' in 1976,<ref>{{cite web |title=Heavyweight Champ |url=https://ultimatehistoryvideogames.jimdo.com/heavyweight-champ-arcade/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190822041224/https://ultimatehistoryvideogames.jimdo.com/heavyweight-champ-arcade |archive-date=22 August 2019 |access-date=8 October 2017 |website=Ultimate History of Video games}}</ref> but it was ''[[Karate Champ]]'' that popularized the one-on-one fighting game genre in [[Amusement arcade|arcades]] in 1984. In 1987, [[Capcom]] released ''[[Street Fighter (video game)|Street Fighter]]'', featuring multiple Karateka characters.<ref name="aac320">''All About Capcom Head-to-Head Fighting Game 1987–2000'', pg. 320</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title= キャラクター紹介|url=http://www.capcom.co.jp/newproducts/arcade/st3-2nd/chara.html |access-date=2023-05-07 |archive-date=5 December 1998 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19981205182853/http://www.capcom.co.jp/newproducts/arcade/st3-2nd/chara.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

''[[The Karate Kid (1984 film)|The Karate Kid]]'' (1984) and its sequels ''[[The Karate Kid, Part II]]'' (1986), ''[[The Karate Kid, Part III]]'' (1989) and ''[[The Next Karate Kid]]'' (1994) are films relating the fictional story of an American adolescent's introduction into karate.<ref>{{cite news|title=The Karate Generation|work=[[Newsweek]]|date=18 February 2010|url=http://www.newsweek.com/id/85866|access-date=18 February 2010|archive-date=15 May 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090515114720/http://www.newsweek.com/id/85866|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Jaden Smith Shines in The Karate Kid|work=[[Newsweek]]|date=10 June 2010|url=http://www.cleveland.com/moviebuff/index.ssf/2010/06/jaden_smith_shines_in_the_kara.html|access-date=13 October 2010|archive-date=16 October 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101016054742/http://www.cleveland.com/moviebuff/index.ssf/2010/06/jaden_smith_shines_in_the_kara.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Its television sequel, ''[[Cobra Kai]]'' (2018), has led to similar growing interest in karate.<ref>{{Cite web|date=11 January 2021|title=Local dojo experiencing business boon after 'Cobra Kai'|url=https://www.kristv.com/news/local-news/local-dojo-experiencing-business-boon-after-cobra-kai|access-date=2021-04-09|website=KRIS|language=en|archive-date=8 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308004702/https://www.kristv.com/news/local-news/local-dojo-experiencing-business-boon-after-cobra-kai|url-status=live}}</ref> The success of ''The Karate Kid'' further popularized karate (as opposed to Asian martial arts more generally) in mainstream American popular culture.<ref name="karate UFC"/> ''[[Karate Kommandos]]'' is an animated children's show, with [[Chuck Norris]] appearing to reveal the moral lessons contained in every episode.
''[[Dragon Ball]]'' (1984–present) is a Japanese [[media franchise]] ([[Anime]]) whose characters use a variety and [[Hybrid martial arts|hybrid]] of [[List of martial arts#Asia|east Asian martial arts]] styles, including Karate<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Martial Arts of Dragon Ball Z |url=https://www.nkkf.org/blogs/the-martial-arts-of-dragon-ball-z |access-date=2023-05-27 |website=www.nkkf.org |language=en |archive-date=27 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230527135600/https://www.nkkf.org/blogs/the-martial-arts-of-dragon-ball-z |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":03">{{Cite web |last=Arts |first=Way of Martial |title=What Martial Arts Does Goku Use? (Do They Work In Real Life?) |url=https://wayofmartialarts.com/what-martial-arts-does-goku-use/ |access-date=2023-05-27 |language=en-US |archive-date=27 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230527135559/https://wayofmartialarts.com/what-martial-arts-does-goku-use/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Gerardo |date=19 April 2021 |title=What Martial Arts Does Goku Use in Dragon Ball Z? |url=https://combatmuseum.com/what-martial-arts-does-goku-use-in-dragon-ball-z/ |access-date=2023-05-27 |website=Combat Museum |language=en-US |archive-date=27 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230527135559/https://combatmuseum.com/what-martial-arts-does-goku-use-in-dragon-ball-z/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and [[Wing Chun]] ([[Kung fu (term)|Kung fu]]).<ref name=":03" /><ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=5 May 2020 |title=Dragon Ball: 10 Fictional Fighting Styles That Are Actually Based On Real Ones |url=https://www.cbr.com/dragon-ball-fighting-based-real/ |access-date=2023-05-27 |website=CBR |language=en |archive-date=27 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230527135558/https://www.cbr.com/dragon-ball-fighting-based-real/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ''Dragon Ball'' was originally inspired by the classical 16th-century Chinese novel ''[[Journey to the West]]'', combined with elements of [[Hong Kong martial arts films]], with influences of [[Jackie Chan]] and [[Bruce Lee]].
In the film series [[The Matrix (franchise)|''The Matrix'']], [[Neo (The Matrix)|Neo]] uses a variety of martial arts styles.<ref name=":02">{{Cite web |last=Hutton |first=Robert |date=2 July 2022 |title=Every Martial Arts Style Neo Uses In The Matrix (Not Just Kung Fu) |url=https://screenrant.com/matrix-movies-neo-martial-arts-fighting-styles/ |access-date=2023-05-13 |website=ScreenRant |language=en}}</ref> Neo's skill in martial arts was shown having downloaded into his brain, which granted combat abilities equivalent to a martial artist with decades of experience. Kenpo Karate is one of the many styles Neo learns as part of his computerised combat training.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Martial Matrix :: WINM :: Keanu Reeves Articles & Interviews Archive |url=http://www.whoaisnotme.net/articles/1999_06xx_mar.htm |access-date=2023-05-13 |website=www.whoaisnotme.net |archive-date=13 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230513120028/http://www.whoaisnotme.net/articles/1999_06xx_mar.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> As part of the preparation for the movie, [[Yuen Woo-ping]] had [[Keanu Reeves]] undertake four months of martial arts training in a variety of different styles.<ref name=":02"/><div style="text-align:left;">
{| class="wikitable"
|+Film stars and their styles
!Practitioner
!Fighting style
|-
|[[Shin Koyamada]]
|Keishinkan<ref>{{cite news |title= Shin Koyamada's Inaugural 2nd Annual United States Martial Arts Festival |work= Independent |date= 1 November 2011 |url= https://www.the-filmfiles.com/featured-article/2nd-annual-usmafest |access-date= 25 March 2023 |archive-date= 25 March 2023 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230325221105/https://www.the-filmfiles.com/featured-article/2nd-annual-usmafest |url-status= live }}</ref>
|-
|[[Sonny Chiba]]
|Kyokushin<ref name="Kyokushin">{{cite journal
|title=International Karate Organization KYOKUSHINKAIKAN Domestic Black Belt List As of Oct.2000
|journal=Kyokushin Karate Sōkan: Shin Seishin Shugi Eno Sōseiki E
|publisher=Aikēōshuppanjigyōkyoku
|year=2001
|pages=62–64
|isbn = 4-8164-1250-6}}</ref>
|-
|[[Sean Connery]]
|Kyokushin<ref>{{cite news |title=Hanshi's Corner 1106 |url=http://www.midoriyamabudokai.com/Hanshi's%20Corner%201106.pdf |work=Midori Yama Budokai |first=Ron |last=Rogers |access-date=20 August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118134109/http://www.midoriyamabudokai.com/Hanshi%27s%20Corner%201106.pdf |archive-date=18 January 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
|[[Hiroyuki Sanada]]
|Kyokushin<ref>[http://ezine.kungfumagazine.com/ezine/article.php?article=662 Hiroyuki Sanada: "Promises" for Peace Through Film]. Ezine.kungfumagazine.com. [[Kung Fu Tai Chi|Kung Fu Magazine]], Retrieved on 21 November 2011. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131112101627/http://ezine.kungfumagazine.com/ezine/article.php?article=662|date=12 November 2013}}</ref>
|-
|[[Dolph Lundgren]]
|Kyokushin<ref>{{cite news|title= Celebrity Fitness—Dolph Lundgren|work= [[Inside Kung Fu]]|url= http://www.insidekung-fu.com/content/view/223/37/|access-date= 15 November 2010|url-status= dead|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20101129032127/http://www.insidekung-fu.com/content/view/223/37|archive-date= 29 November 2010}}</ref>
|-
|[[Michael Jai White]]
|Kyokushin<ref>{{cite news |title= Talking With…Michael Jai White |work= GiantLife |url= http://giantmag.com/the-magazine/ethan-alter/talking-withmichael-jai-white/ |access-date= 16 June 2010 |archive-date= 29 November 2010 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20101129063554/http://giantmag.com/the-magazine/ethan-alter/talking-withmichael-jai-white/ |url-status= live }}</ref>
|-
|[[Yasuaki Kurata]]
|Shito-ryu<ref>{{cite news|title=Yasuaki Kurata Filmography|url=http://hkmdb.com/db/people/view.mhtml?id=3903&display_set=eng|access-date=17 May 2017|archive-date=28 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170728092326/http://hkmdb.com/db/people/view.mhtml?id=3903&display_set=eng|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|[[Fumio Demura]]
|Shitō-ryū<ref name="JKDGKISensei2007">{{cite web|title=Sensei Demura at a glance...|url=http://www.genbu-kai.com/senseidemuraataglance.htm|website=Japan Karate-Do Genbu-Kai International|access-date=3 October 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090928110941/http://www.genbu-kai.com/senseidemuraataglance.htm|archive-date=28 September 2009|location=Santa Ana|language=en-us|url-status=unfit}}</ref>
|-
|[[Don "The Dragon" Wilson]]
|Gōjū-ryu<ref>{{cite news |title= Martial Arts Legend |date= n.d. |url= http://www.kickemintheghoulies.com/donthedragonwilson.htm |access-date= 29 July 2013 |archive-date= 29 September 2013 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130929104321/http://www.kickemintheghoulies.com/donthedragonwilson.htm |url-status= dead }}</ref>
|-
|[[Richard Norton (actor)|Richard Norton]]
|Gōjū-ryu<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w9IDAAAAMBAJ&q=Octagon+chuck+norris&pg=RA1-PA24 |title=Black Belt Magazine March, 1994, p. 24 |date= March 1994|access-date=14 March 2013}}</ref>
|-
|[[Yukari Oshima]]
|Gōjū-ryu<ref>{{cite news|title=Goju-ryu|date=n.d.|url=http://ma-mags.com/srchmag.php?SrchFor=Goju%20Ryu|access-date=24 June 2013|archive-date=25 September 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140925081654/http://ma-mags.com/srchmag.php?SrchFor=Goju%20Ryu|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title= Yukari Oshima's Biography |url= http://www.hkfilm.net/yukari.htm |access-date= 24 June 2013 |archive-date= 28 August 2012 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120828003452/http://www.hkfilm.net/yukari.htm |url-status= dead }}</ref>
|-
|[[Leung Siu-Lung]]
|Gōjū-ryu<ref>{{cite news|title= Goju-ryu|date= n.d.|url= http://www.omnilexica.com/?q=leung+siu-lung|access-date= 26 May 2014|archive-date= 3 September 2015|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150903234646/http://www.omnilexica.com/?q=leung+siu-lung|url-status= dead}}</ref>
|-
|[[Wesley Snipes]]
|Shotokan<ref>{{cite news |title= Wesley Snipes: Action man courts a new beginning |work= Independent |date= 4 June 2010 |url= https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/features/wesley-snipes-action-man-courts-a-new-beginning-1991437.html |access-date= 10 June 2010 |location= London |archive-date= 7 June 2010 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100607063509/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/features/wesley-snipes-action-man-courts-a-new-beginning-1991437.html |url-status= live }}</ref>
|-
|[[Jean-Claude Van Damme]]
|Shotokan<ref>{{cite news |title= Why is he famous? |work= ASK MEN |url= http://uk.askmen.com/celebs/interview_300/311_jean-claude-van-damme.html |access-date= 15 June 2010 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100409113625/http://uk.askmen.com/celebs/interview_300/311_jean-claude-van-damme.html |archive-date= 9 April 2010 |url-status= dead |df= dmy-all }}</ref>
|-
|[[Jim Kelly (martial artist)|Jim Kelly]]
|Shōrin-ryū<ref>{{cite news |title= Martial arts biography – jim kelly |url= http://www.usadojo.com/biographies/jim-kelly.htm |access-date= 21 August 2013 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130829001719/http://www.usadojo.com/biographies/jim-kelly.htm |archive-date= 29 August 2013 |url-status= dead }}</ref>
|-
|[[Joe Lewis (martial artist)|Joe Lewis]]
|Shōrin-ryū
|-
|[[Tadashi Yamashita]]
|Shōrin-ryū<ref>[http://www.tadashiyamashita.com/hanshi.html] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130305074816/http://www.tadashiyamashita.com/hanshi.html|date=5 March 2013}}</ref>
|-
|[[Matt Mullins]]
|Shōrei-ryū<ref>{{cite news |title= Matt Mullins Biography |date= n.d. |url= http://mattmullins.com/bio/ |access-date= 29 July 2013 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130508044138/http://mattmullins.com/bio/ |archive-date= 8 May 2013 |url-status= dead }}</ref>
|-
|[[Sho Kosugi]]
|Shindō jinen-ryū<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/1986/05/15/ninja-knockin-em-dead/ |title='Ninja' Knockin' Em Dead – Chicago Tribune |publisher=Articles.chicagotribune.com |date=15 May 1986 |access-date=5 March 2015 |archive-date=3 May 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110503002232/http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1986-05-15/features/8602040119_1_ninja-kosugi-home-movies |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|[[Weng Weng]]
|Undetermined<ref name=":3">{{Cite book|last=Leavold|first=Andrew|title=The Search for Weng Weng|publisher=The LedaTape Organisation|year=2017|isbn=9780994411235|location=Australia|pages=80|chapter=Goons, guts and exploding huts!}}</ref>
|}
</div>

Many other film stars such as [[Bruce Lee]], [[Chuck Norris]], [[Jackie Chan]], [[Sammo Hung]], and [[Jet Li]] come from a range of other martial arts.