Editing Jurassic (section)

=== Mammaliaformes ===
[[Mammaliaformes]], including [[mammal]]s, having originated from [[cynodont]]s at the end of the Triassic, diversified extensively during the Jurassic.<ref name="Lee-2015" /> While most Jurassic mammalaliaforms are solely known from isolated teeth and jaw fragments, exceptionally preserved remains have revealed a variety of lifestyles.<ref name="Lee-2015">{{Cite journal|last1=Lee|first1=Michael S.Y.|last2=Beck|first2=Robin M.D.|date=31 August 2015|title=Mammalian Evolution: A Jurassic Spark|journal=Current Biology|language=en|volume=25|issue=17|pages=R759–R761 |doi=10.1016/j.cub.2015.07.008|pmid=26325137|s2cid=11088107|doi-access=free|bibcode=2015CBio...25.R759L }}</ref> The [[docodonta]]n ''[[Castorocauda]]'' was adapted to aquatic life, similarly to the [[platypus]] and [[otter]]s.<ref name="Ji2006">{{cite journal|last1=Ji |first1=Q.|last2=Luo|first2=Z.-X.|last3=Yuan|first3=C.-X.|last4=Tabrum|first4=A. R.|year=2006|title=A swimming mammaliaform from the Middle Jurassic and ecomorphological diversification of early mammals|journal=Science|volume=311|issue=5,764|pages=1,123–1,127 |bibcode=2006Sci...311.1123J |doi=10.1126/science.1123026|pmid=16497926|s2cid=46067702|url=http://doc.rero.ch/record/13437/files/PAL_E249.pdf}}</ref> Some members of [[Haramiyida]]<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Meng|first1=Qing-Jin|last2=Grossnickle|first2=David M.|last3=Liu|first3=Di |last4=Zhang|first4=Yu-Guang|last5=Neander|first5=April I.|last6=Ji|first6=Qiang|last7=Luo|first7=Zhe-Xi|date=August 2017|title=New gliding mammaliaforms from the Jurassic|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/nature23476|journal=Nature|language=en|volume=548|issue=7667|pages=291–296 |doi=10.1038/nature23476|pmid=28792929|bibcode=2017Natur.548..291M|s2cid=205259206|issn=1476-4687}}</ref> and the [[eutriconodonta]]n tribe [[Volaticotherini]]<ref name="desc">Meng, J.; Hu, Y.-M.; Wang, Y.-Q.; Wang, X.-L.; Li, C.-K. (2007). "Corrigendum: A Mesozoic gliding mammal from northeastern China". Nature 446 (7131): 102. {{Bibcode|2007Natur.446Q.102M}}. {{doi|10.1038/nature05639}}.</ref> had a [[patagium]] akin to those of [[flying squirrel]]s, allowing them to glide through the air. The [[aardvark]]-like mammal ''[[Fruitafossor]]'', of uncertain taxonomy, was likely a specialist on colonial insects, similarly to living [[anteater]]s.<ref name="Luo2005">{{cite journal|last1=Luo|first1=Z.-X.|last2=Wible |first2=J.R.|year=2005|title=A Late Jurassic Digging Mammal and Early Mammalian Diversification|journal=Science|volume=308|issue=5718|pages=103–107|bibcode=2005Sci...308..103L|doi=10.1126/science.1108875|issn=0036-8075|pmid=15802602|s2cid=7031381}}</ref> [[Australosphenida]], a group of mammals possibly related to living [[monotreme]]s, first appeared in the Middle Jurassic of Gondwana.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Luo|first1=Zhe-Xi |last2=Cifelli|first2=Richard L.|last3=Kielan-Jaworowska|first3=Zofia|date=January 2001|title=Dual origin of tribosphenic mammals |url=http://www.nature.com/articles/35051023|journal=Nature|language=en|volume=409|issue=6816|pages=53–57|doi=10.1038/35051023|pmid=11343108 |bibcode=2001Natur.409...53L|s2cid=4342585|issn=0028-0836|via=}}</ref> The earliest records of [[Multituberculata|multituberculates]], one of the longest lasting and most successful orders of mammals, are known from the Middle Jurassic.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Mao |first1=Fangyuan |last2=Brewer |first2=Philippa |last3=Hooker |first3=Jerry J. |last4=Meng |first4=Jin |date=2022-12-31 |title=New allotherian specimens from the Middle Jurassic Woodeaton Quarry (Oxfordshire) and implications for haramiyidan diversity and phylogeny |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14772019.2022.2097021 |journal=Journal of Systematic Palaeontology |language=en |volume=20 |issue=1 |pages=1–37 |doi=10.1080/14772019.2022.2097021 |issn=1477-2019}}</ref> [[Theria]]n mammals, represented today by living [[Placentalia|placentals]] and [[marsupial]]s, diversified meteorically during the Middle Jurassic.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Close |first1=Roger A. |last2=Friedman |first2=Matt |last3=Lloyd |first3=Graeme T. |last4=Benson |first4=Roger B. J. |date=17 August 2015 |title=Evidence for a Mid-Jurassic Adaptive Radiation in Mammals |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960982215007411 |journal=[[Current Biology]] |language=en |volume=25 |issue=16 |pages=2137–2142 |doi=10.1016/j.cub.2015.06.047 |pmid=26190074 |bibcode=2015CBio...25.2137C |access-date=4 November 2024 |via=Elsevier Science Direct}}</ref> They have their earliest records during the early Late Jurassic, represented by ''[[Juramaia]],'' a [[eutheria]]n mammal closer to the ancestry of placentals than marsupials.<ref name="Juramaia">{{cite journal|author=Zhe-Xi Luo|author2=Chong-Xi Yuan|author3=Qing-Jin Meng|author4=Qiang Ji|date=25 August 2011|title=A Jurassic eutherian mammal and divergence of marsupials and placentals |url=http://211.144.68.84:9998/91keshi/Public/File/34/476-7361/pdf/nature10291.pdf|url-status=dead |journal=Nature |volume=476 |issue=7361 |pages=442–445 |doi=10.1038/nature10291 |pmid=21866158 |bibcode=2011Natur.476..442L |s2cid=205225806 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131110134026/http://211.144.68.84:9998/91keshi/Public/File/34/476-7361/pdf/nature10291.pdf|archive-date=10 November 2013}} [http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v476/n7361/extref/nature10291-s1.pdf Electronic supplementary material]</ref> ''Juramaia'' is much more advanced than expected for its age, as other therian mammals are not known until the Early Cretaceous, and it has been suggested that ''Juramaia'' may also originate from the Early Cretaceous instead.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=King|first1=Benedict|last2=Beck|first2=Robin M. D.|date=2020-06-10|title=Tip dating supports novel resolutions of controversial relationships among early mammals|url= |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences|volume=287|issue=1928|pages=20200943|doi=10.1098/rspb.2020.0943|pmc=7341916|pmid=32517606}}</ref> Two groups of non-mammaliaform cynodonts persisted beyond the end of the Triassic. The insectiviorous [[Tritheledontidae]] has a few records from the Early Jurassic. The [[Tritylodontidae]], a herbiviorous group of cynodonts that first appeared during the Rhaetian, has abundant records from the Jurassic, overwhelmingly from the Northern Hemisphere.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Ruta|first1=Marcello|last2=Botha-Brink|first2=Jennifer |last3=Mitchell|first3=Stephen A.|last4=Benton|first4=Michael J.|date=2013-10-22|title=The radiation of cynodonts and the ground plan of mammalian morphological diversity|url= |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences|language=en|volume=280|issue=1769 |pages=20131865|doi=10.1098/rspb.2013.1865|issn=0962-8452|pmc=3768321|pmid=23986112}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last1=Abdala|first1=Fernando|title=The Late Triassic Record of Cynodonts: Time of Innovations in the Mammalian Lineage|date=2018|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-319-68009-5_11|work=The Late Triassic World|volume=46|pages=407–445|editor-last=Tanner|editor-first=Lawrence H.|place=Cham|publisher=Springer International Publishing|language=en|doi=10.1007/978-3-319-68009-5_11|isbn=978-3-319-68008-8|access-date=2021-05-24|last2=Gaetano|first2=Leandro C. |series=Topics in Geobiology }}</ref>