Editing Illinois (section)

==Economy==
{{Main|Economy of Illinois}}
{{See also|List of Illinois locations by per capita income}}
[[File:Illinois counties by GDP (2021).png|thumb|Illinois counties by GDP (2021)]]
As of 2022, the [[List of U.S. states by GDP (nominal)|gross state product]] for Illinois reached {{US$|1.0}}&nbsp;trillion.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bea.gov/news/2022/gross-domestic-product-state-and-personal-income-state-3rd-quarter-2022|title=Gross Domestic Product by State and Personal Income by State, 3rd Quarter 2022|access-date=February 11, 2023|archive-date=February 14, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230214141059/https://www.bea.gov/news/2022/gross-domestic-product-state-and-personal-income-state-3rd-quarter-2022|url-status=live}}</ref>

As of February 2019, the unemployment rate in Illinois reached 4.2%.<ref>{{cite news |title=Moody's sees reason for optimism over Illinois economy |url=https://www.chicagobusiness.com/greg-hinz-politics/moodys-sees-reason-optimism-over-illinois-economy |access-date=February 20, 2019 |work=Crain's Chicago Business |date=February 18, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190220122735/https://www.chicagobusiness.com/greg-hinz-politics/moodys-sees-reason-optimism-over-illinois-economy |archive-date=February 20, 2019 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

Illinois's [[Minimum wage in the United States|minimum wage]] will rise to $15 per hour by 2025, making it one of the highest in the nation.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Petrella |first1=Dan |title=Gov. J.B. Pritzker signs law raising Illinois's minimum wage to $15 an hour by 2025 |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/local/politics/ct-met-illinois-minimum-wage-pritzker-signs-bill-20190219-story.html |access-date=February 20, 2019 |work=chicagotribune.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190220041812/https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/local/politics/ct-met-illinois-minimum-wage-pritzker-signs-bill-20190219-story.html |archive-date=February 20, 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>

===Agriculture===
{{main|Agriculture in Illinois}}
[[File:John Deere 9660STS combine.jpg|thumb|A [[John Deere]] [[combine harvester]] on an Illinois farm; the company is headquartered in [[Moline, Illinois]].]]
Illinois's major agricultural outputs are [[maize|corn]], [[soybean]]s, [[Pig|hogs]], [[cattle]], [[dairy product]]s, and wheat. In most years, Illinois is either the first or second state for the highest production of soybeans, with a harvest of 427.7&nbsp;million bushels (11.64&nbsp;million [[tonne|metric tons]]) in 2008, after Iowa's production of 444.82&nbsp;million bushels (12.11&nbsp;million metric tons).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.soystats.com/2009/Default-frames.htm |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120913165322/http://www.soystats.com/2009/Default-frames.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=September 13, 2012 |title=Soybean Production by State 2008 |year=2009 |website=Soy Stats |publisher=The American Soybean Association |access-date=January 19, 2010}}</ref> Illinois ranks second in U.S. corn production with more than 1.5&nbsp;billion bushels produced annually.<ref name="ilcorn">{{cite web |url=http://www.ilcorn.org/internal.php?q=vprofile&id=90&date=&banner=ethanol |title=Ethanol Fact Sheet |year=2010 |publisher=Illinois Corn Growers Association |access-date=January 18, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723163514/http://www.ilcorn.org/internal.php?q=vprofile&id=90&date=&banner=ethanol |archive-date=July 23, 2011}}</ref> With a production capacity of 1.5&nbsp;billion gallons per year, Illinois is a top producer of ethanol, ranking third in the United States in 2011.<ref name="eia.gov">{{cite web |url=http://www.eia.gov/state/?sid=IL |title=Illinois—State Energy Profile Overview—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) |publisher=Eia.gov |date=March 19, 2015 |access-date=February 27, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150716020349/http://www.eia.gov/state/?sid=il |archive-date=July 16, 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> Illinois is a leader in food manufacturing and meat processing.<ref name="stateil">[http://www.agr.state.il.us/about/agfacts.html Facts About Illinois Agriculture] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150716030412/http://www.agr.state.il.us/about/agfacts.html |date=July 16, 2015 }}, Illinois Department of Agriculture. Accessed online April 16, 2012</ref> Although Chicago may no longer be "[[Chicago (poem)|Hog Butcher for the World]]", the Chicago area remains a global center for [[Food manufacturers of Chicago|food manufacture and meat processing]],<ref name="stateil"/> with many plants, processing houses, and distribution facilities concentrated in the area of the former [[Union Stock Yards]].<ref>[http://www.lib.niu.edu/2006/iht1320636.html "Meatpacking in Illinois History] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120613074227/http://www.lib.niu.edu/2006/iht1320636.html |date=June 13, 2012 }} by Wilson J. Warren, Illinois History Teacher, 3:2, 2006. Access online April 16, 2012.</ref> Illinois also produces [[Illinois wine|wine]], and the state is home to two [[American viticultural area]]s. In the area of The Meeting of the Great Rivers Scenic Byway, peaches and apples are grown. The German immigrants from agricultural backgrounds who settled in Illinois in the mid- to late 19th century are in part responsible for the profusion of fruit orchards in that area of Illinois.<ref>{{cite web |author=Kathleen Walls |url=http://americanroads.net/agri_trails_winter2014.htm |title=Agri Trails |publisher=Americanroads.net |access-date=February 27, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304035741/http://americanroads.net/agri_trails_winter2014.htm |archive-date=March 4, 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Illinois's universities are actively researching alternative agricultural products as alternative crops.

===Manufacturing===
Illinois is one of the nation's manufacturing leaders, boasting annual value added productivity by manufacturing of over $107&nbsp;billion in 2006. {{as of|2011}}, Illinois is ranked as the 4th-most productive manufacturing state in the country, behind California, Texas, and Ohio.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ildceo.net/NR/rdonlyres/1357C591-2810-4228-A334-E8B55EF1288D/0/Manufacturing2011.pdf |title=DCEO: Home |publisher=Ildceo.net |access-date=February 27, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130512224938/http://www.ildceo.net/NR/rdonlyres/1357C591-2810-4228-A334-E8B55EF1288D/0/Manufacturing2011.pdf |archive-date=May 12, 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref> About three-quarters of the state's manufacturers are located in the Northeastern Opportunity Return Region, with 38 percent of Illinois's approximately 18,900 manufacturing plants located in Cook County. As of 2006, the leading manufacturing industries in Illinois, based upon value-added, were chemical manufacturing ($18.3&nbsp;billion), machinery manufacturing ($13.4&nbsp;billion), food manufacturing ($12.9&nbsp;billion), fabricated metal products ($11.5&nbsp;billion), transportation equipment ($7.4&nbsp;billion), plastics and rubber products ($7.0&nbsp;billion), and computer and electronic products ($6.1&nbsp;billion).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.commerce.state.il.us/NR/rdonlyres/1357C591-2810-4228-A334-E8B55EF1288D/0/Manufacturing.pdf |title=Manufacturing in Illinois |year=2009 |publisher=Illinois Department of Commerce and Economic Opportunity |access-date=January 19, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929204017/http://www.commerce.state.il.us/NR/rdonlyres/1357C591-2810-4228-A334-E8B55EF1288D/0/Manufacturing.pdf |archive-date=September 29, 2011}}</ref>

===Services===
[[File:Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago (51574643886).jpg|thumb|The [[Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago]], one of twelve [[Federal Reserve Bank]]s, at the heart of Chicago's financial center.]]
By the early 2000s, Illinois's economy had moved toward a dependence on high-value-added services, such as financial trading, higher education, law, logistics, and medicine. In some cases, these services clustered around institutions that hearkened back to Illinois's earlier economies. For example, the [[Chicago Mercantile Exchange]], a trading exchange for global [[derivative (finance)|derivatives]], had begun its life as an agricultural [[futures exchange|futures market]]. Other important non-manufacturing industries include publishing, tourism, and energy production and distribution.

===Investments===
Venture capitalists funded a total of approximately $62&nbsp;billion in the U.S. economy in 2016. Of this amount, Illinois-based companies received approximately $1.1&nbsp;billion. Similarly, in FY 2016, the federal government spent $461&nbsp;billion on contracts in the U.S. Of this amount, Illinois-based companies received approximately $8.7&nbsp;billion.{{citation needed|date=April 2023}}

===Energy===
{{See also|List of power stations in Illinois|Solar power in Illinois}}
Illinois is a net importer of fuels for energy, despite large coal resources and some minor oil production. Illinois exports electricity, ranking fifth among states in electricity production and seventh in electricity consumption.<ref name="finley">"[http://www.isgs.uiuc.edu/maps-data-pub/publications/energy01/globalm.shtml Illinois in the Global Energy Marketplace]" {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080517110354/http://www.isgs.uiuc.edu/maps-data-pub/publications/energy01/globalm.shtml |date=May 17, 2008 }}, [[Robert Finley]], 2001. Illinois State Geological Survey publication.</ref>

====Coal====
[[File:IllinoisBasinMap.jpg|thumb|Location of the [[Illinois Basin]]]]
The coal industry of Illinois has its origins in the middle 19th century, when entrepreneurs such as [[Jacob Loose]] discovered coal in locations such as [[Sangamon County]]. [[Jacob Bunn]] contributed to the development of the Illinois coal industry and was a founder and owner of the [[Western Coal & Mining Company]] of Illinois. About 68% of Illinois has coal-bearing strata of the [[Pennsylvanian (geology)|Pennsylvanian]] geologic period. According to the Illinois State Geological Survey, 211&nbsp;billion tons of [[bituminous coal]] are estimated to lie under the surface, having a total heating value greater than the estimated oil deposits in the [[Arabian Peninsula]].<ref>Illinois State Geological Survey. [http://www.isgs.illinois.edu/research/coal/illinois-coal.shtml Coal in Illinois] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120212180840/http://www.isgs.illinois.edu/research/coal/illinois-coal.shtml |date=February 12, 2012 }} Retrieved December 4, 2008.</ref> However, this coal has a high [[sulfur]] content, which causes [[acid rain]], unless special equipment is used to reduce [[sulfur dioxide]] [[air pollution|emissions]].<ref name="Nelson"/><ref name="Biles"/><ref name="Horsley"/> Many Illinois [[Power station|power plants]] are not equipped to burn high-sulfur coal. In 1999, Illinois produced 40.4&nbsp;million tons of coal, but only 17&nbsp;million tons (42%) of Illinois coal was consumed in Illinois. Most of the coal produced in Illinois is exported to other states and countries. In 2008, Illinois exported three million tons of coal and was projected to export nine million in 2011, as demand for energy grows in places such as China, India, and elsewhere in Asia and Europe.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ildceo.net/NR/rdonlyres/EA15E8A9-E0BD-468A-A308-BE58E93D0C03/0/CoalInIllinois2011.pdf |title=DCEO: Home |publisher=Ildceo.net |access-date=February 27, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029202930/http://www.ildceo.net/NR/rdonlyres/EA15E8A9-E0BD-468A-A308-BE58E93D0C03/0/CoalInIllinois2011.pdf |archive-date=October 29, 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref> {{as of|2010}}, Illinois was ranked third in recoverable coal reserves at producing mines in the nation.<ref name="eia.gov"/> Most of the coal produced in Illinois is exported to other states, while much of the coal burned for power in Illinois (21&nbsp;million tons in 1998) is mined in the [[Powder River Basin]] of [[Wyoming]].<ref name="finley"/>

[[Mattoon, Illinois|Mattoon]] was chosen as the site for the [[United States Department of Energy|Department of Energy]]'s [[FutureGen]] project, a 275-megawatt experimental [[zero emission]] coal-burning power plant that the DOE just gave a second round of funding. In 2010, after a number of setbacks, the city of Mattoon backed out of the project.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://permianbasin360.com/fulltext?nxd_id=71755 |title=Illinois Town Gives Up on Futurgen |publisher=Permianbasin360.com |date=August 12, 2010 |access-date=April 29, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120309053603/http://permianbasin360.com/fulltext?nxd_id=71755 |archive-date=March 9, 2012}}</ref>

====Petroleum====
Illinois is a leading refiner of petroleum in the American [[Midwestern United States|Midwest]], with a combined crude oil distillation capacity of nearly {{cvt|900000|oilbbl/d|m3/d}}. However, Illinois has very limited crude oil proved reserves that account for less than 1% of the U.S. total reserves. Residential heating is 81% natural gas compared to less than 1% [[heating oil]]. Illinois is ranked 14th in [[List of oil-producing states#North America|oil production]] among states, with a daily output of approximately {{cvt|28000|oilbbl|m3}} in 2005.<ref name="EIA_petro">[[United States Department of Energy]]. [http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/oog/info/state/il.html Petroleum Profile: Illinois] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091008225316/http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/oog/info/state/il.html |date=October 8, 2009 }}. Retrieved April 4, 2006.</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.eia.gov/state/state-energy-profiles.cfm?sid=IL |title=Illinois—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) |publisher=Eia.gov |date=April 19, 2012 |access-date=April 29, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415181347/http://www.eia.gov/state/state-energy-profiles.cfm?sid=IL |archive-date=April 15, 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref>

====Nuclear power====
{{Main|Nuclear power in the United States}}
[[File:Byron Nuclear Power Plant, IL 02.JPG|thumb|[[Byron Nuclear Generating Station]] in [[Ogle County, Illinois|Ogle County]]]]
[[Nuclear power]] arguably began in Illinois with the [[Chicago Pile-1]], the world's first artificial self-sustaining [[nuclear chain reaction]] in the world's first [[nuclear reactor technology|nuclear reactor]], built on the [[University of Chicago]] campus. There are six operating [[nuclear power plant]]s in Illinois: [[Braidwood Nuclear Generating Station|Braidwood]], [[Byron Nuclear Generating Station|Byron]], [[Clinton Nuclear Generating Station|Clinton]], [[Dresden Nuclear Power Plant|Dresden]], [[LaSalle County Generating Station|LaSalle]], and [[Quad Cities Nuclear Generating Station|Quad Cities]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.eia.gov/cneaf/nuclear/state_profiles/illinois/il.html |title=Nuclear State Profiles |publisher=Eia.gov |access-date=April 29, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117023524/http://www.eia.gov/nuclear/state/ |archive-date=January 17, 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref> With the exception of the single-unit Clinton plant, each of these facilities has two reactors. Three reactors have been permanently shut down and are in various stages of decommissioning: [[Dresden-1]] and [[Zion Nuclear Power Station|Zion-1 and 2]]. Illinois ranked first in the nation in 2010 in both nuclear capacity and nuclear generation. Generation from its nuclear power plants accounted for 12 percent of the nation's total.<ref name="eia.gov"/> In 2007, 48% of Illinois's electricity was generated using nuclear power.<ref name="EIA_glance">{{cite web |url=http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/nuclear/page/at_a_glance/states/statesil.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041109144818/http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/nuclear/page/at_a_glance/states/statesil.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=November 9, 2004 |title=Illinois Nuclear Industry |date=November 6, 2009 |publisher=U.S. Energy Information Administration |access-date=January 29, 2010}}</ref> The [[Morris Operation]] is the only de facto high-level [[radioactive waste]] storage site in the United States.

====Wind power====
{{Main|Wind power in Illinois}}
[[File:Illinois wind resource map 50m 800.jpg|thumb|Average annual wind power distribution for Illinois, {{cvt|50|m}} height above ground (2009)]]
Illinois has seen growing interest in the use of [[wind power]] for electrical generation.<ref>"Illinois Wind". Illinois Institute for Rural Affairs, [[Western Illinois University]] {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20070622022457/http://www.illinoiswind.org/index.asp Illinoiswind.com]}}</ref> Most of Illinois was rated in 2009 as "marginal or fair" for wind energy production by the [[U.S. Department of Energy]], with some western sections rated "good" and parts of the south rated "poor".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.windpoweringamerica.gov/astate_template.asp?stateab=il |title=Illinois Wind Activities |date=October 20, 2009 |website=[[EERE]] |publisher=U.S. Department of Energy |access-date=January 14, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100209085417/http://www.windpoweringamerica.gov/astate_template.asp?stateab=il |archive-date=February 9, 2010}}</ref> These ratings are for wind turbines with {{cvt|50|m|adj=on|sp=us}} hub heights; newer wind turbines are taller, enabling them to reach [[wind profile power law|stronger winds farther from the ground]]. As a result, more areas of Illinois have become prospective wind farm sites. As of September 2009, Illinois had 1116.06 [[megawatt|MW]] of installed wind power [[nameplate capacity]] with another 741.9 MW under construction.<ref name="awea_projects_illinois">{{cite web |url=http://www.awea.org/projects/Projects.aspx?s=Illinois |title=U.S. Wind Energy Projects—Illinois |date=September 30, 2009 |publisher=[[American Wind Energy Association]] |access-date=January 14, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100105174701/http://www.awea.org/projects/Projects.aspx?s=Illinois |archive-date=January 5, 2010}}</ref> Illinois ranked ninth among U.S. states in installed wind power capacity and sixteenth by potential capacity.<ref name="awea_projects_illinois"/> Large [[wind farm]]s in Illinois include [[Twin Groves Wind Farm|Twin Groves]], [[Rail Splitter Wind Farm|Rail Splitter]], [[Acciona Energy|EcoGrove]], and [[Mendota Hills Wind Farm|Mendota Hills]].<ref name="awea_projects_illinois"/>

As of 2007, wind energy represented only 1.7% of Illinois's energy production, and it was estimated that wind power could provide 5–10% of the state's energy needs.<ref>[http://environmentalalmanac.blogspot.com/2006/09/wind-power-on-illinois-horizon.html "Wind Power on the Illinois Horizon"] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080124113615/http://environmentalalmanac.blogspot.com/2006/09/wind-power-on-illinois-horizon.html |date=January 24, 2008 }}, Rob Kanter, September 14, 2006. University of Illinois Environmental Council.</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/solar.renewables/page/state_profiles/illinois.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080527035341/http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/solar.renewables/page/state_profiles/illinois.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=May 27, 2008 |title=Illinois Renewable Electricity Profile |year=2007 |publisher=U.S. Energy Information Administration |access-date=January 15, 2010}}</ref> Also, the [[Illinois General Assembly]] mandated in 2007 that by 2025, 25% of all electricity generated in Illinois is to come from [[renewable resource]]s.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://centralillinoisproud.com/content/fulltext/?cid=5420 |title=Wind Farm Conference Tackles Complicated Issue |author=Olbert, Lori |date=December 13, 2007 |website=CIProud.com |publisher=[[WYZZ-TV]]/[[WMBD-TV]] |access-date=January 15, 2010}}{{Dead link|date=June 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>

====Biofuels====
Illinois is ranked second in [[maize|corn]] production among U.S. states, and Illinois corn is used to produce 40% of the [[ethanol]] consumed in the United States.<ref name="ilcorn"/> The [[Archer Daniels Midland]] corporation in [[Decatur, Illinois]], is the world's leading producer of ethanol from corn.

The National Corn-to-Ethanol Research Center (NCERC), the world's only facility dedicated to researching the ways and means of converting corn (maize) to ethanol is located on the campus of [[Southern Illinois University Edwardsville]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://illinoisrfa.org/research/ |title=ILFRA |publisher=Illinoisrfa.org |access-date=February 27, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304001512/http://illinoisrfa.org/research/ |archive-date=March 4, 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.stlrcga.org/documents/corn%20to%20ethanol.pdf |title=Ready for Research |access-date=September 12, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131006155839/http://www.stlrcga.org/documents/corn%20to%20ethanol.pdf |archive-date=October 6, 2013}}</ref>

[[University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign]] is one of the partners in the [[Energy Biosciences Institute]] (EBI), a $500&nbsp;million biofuels research project funded by petroleum giant [[BP]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bp.com/genericarticle.do?categoryId=2012968&contentId=7018719 |title=BP Pledges $500 Million for Energy Biosciences Institute and Plans New Business to Exploit Research |publisher=Bp.com |date=June 14, 2006 |access-date=May 19, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120519210908/http://www.bp.com/genericarticle.do?categoryId=2012968&contentId=7018719 |archive-date=May 19, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.illinois.gov/PressReleases/ShowPressRelease.cfm?SubjectID=2&RecNum=5690 |title=Gov. Blagojevich joins Gov. Schwarzenegger, top BP executives to celebrate launch of $500&nbsp;million biosciences energy research partnership with University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, UC-Berkeley |publisher=Illinois.gov |date=February 1, 2007 |access-date=May 19, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120526191007/http://www.illinois.gov/PressReleases/ShowPressRelease.cfm?SubjectID=2&RecNum=5690 |archive-date=May 26, 2012}}</ref>

===Taxes===
Tax is collected by the [[Illinois Department of Revenue]]. State [[income tax]] is calculated by multiplying [[net income]] by a [[flat fee|flat rate]]. In 1990, that rate was set at 3%, but in 2010, the General Assembly voted for a temporary increase in the rate to 5%; the new rate went into effect on January 1, 2011; the personal income rate partially sunset on January 1, 2015, to 3.75%, while the corporate income tax fell to 5.25%.<ref>{{cite news |last=Pierog |first=Karen |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-illinois-budget-idUSTRE70A6GP20110112 |title=Illinois lawmakers pass big tax hike to aid budget |work=Reuters |date=January 12, 2011 |access-date=February 7, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120514081335/http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/01/12/us-illinois-budget-idUSTRE70A6GP20110112 |archive-date=May 14, 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>Illinois Department of Revenue. [http://www.revenue.state.il.us/Businesses/TaxInformation/Income/individual.htm Individual Income Tax] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060923131952/http://www.revenue.state.il.us/Businesses/TaxInformation/Income/individual.htm |date=September 23, 2006 }}. Retrieved January 30, 2011.</ref> Illinois failed to pass a budget from 2015 to 2017, after the 736-day [[Illinois Budget Impasse|budget impasse]], a budget was passed in Illinois after lawmakers overturned Governor Bruce Rauner's veto; this budget raised the personal income rate to 4.95% and the corporate rate to 7%.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://illinoiscomptroller.gov/financial-data/find-a-report/special-fiscal/consequences-of-illinois-2015-2017-budget-impasse-and-fiscal-outlook/ |title=Consequences of Illinois's 2015–2016 Budget Impasse and Fiscal Outlook |last=Mendoza |first=Susana |date=September 18, 2018 |website=Illinois Comptroller |access-date=August 1, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181213161259/https://illinoiscomptroller.gov/financial-data/find-a-report/special-fiscal/consequences-of-illinois-2015-2017-budget-impasse-and-fiscal-outlook/ |archive-date=December 13, 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref> There are two rates for state [[sales tax]]: 6.25% for general merchandise and 1% for qualifying food, drugs, and medical appliances.<ref>Illinois Department of Revenue. [http://www.revenue.state.il.us/Publications/Sales/strrm/04012008/ST-25.pdf Illinois Sales Tax Reference Manual (PDF)] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080527192755/http://www.revenue.state.il.us/Publications/Sales/strrm/04012008/ST-25.pdf |date=May 27, 2008 }}. p133. January 1, 2006.</ref> The [[property tax]] is a major source of tax revenue for local government taxing districts. The property tax is a local—not state—tax imposed by local government taxing districts, which include counties, [[civil township|townships]], municipalities, [[school district]]s, and special taxation districts. The property tax in Illinois is imposed only on [[real property]].<ref name="Nelson"/><ref name="Biles"/><ref name="Horsley"/>

On May 1, 2019, the Illinois Senate voted to approve a [[Illinois Fair Tax|constitutional amendment]] that would have stricken language from the [[Constitution of Illinois|Illinois Constitution]] requiring a flat state income tax, in a 73–44 vote. If approved, the amendment would have allowed the state legislature to impose a graduated income tax based on annual income. The governor, [[J. B. Pritzker]], approved the bill on May 27, 2019. It was scheduled for a 2020 general election ballot vote<ref name="1:a">{{cite web |url=https://chicago.suntimes.com/2019/5/27/18641670/graduated-income-tax-illinois-house-constitutional-amendment-2020-ballot |title=Graduated income tax question heads to ballot as House OKs constitutional amendment |last=Sfondeles |first=Tina |date=May 27, 2019 |website=www.chicagosuntimes.com |publisher=[[Chicago Sun Times]] |access-date=May 30, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190530232705/https://chicago.suntimes.com/2019/5/27/18641670/graduated-income-tax-illinois-house-constitutional-amendment-2020-ballot |archive-date=May 30, 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="1:b">{{cite web |url=https://www.politico.com/newsletters/illinois-playbook/2019/05/28/pritzkers-big-win-brady-munoz-stake-in-video-gambling-abortion-bill-fate-uncertain-440275 |title=PRITZKER's BIG WIN—BRADY, MUNOZ stake in video gambling—ABORTION BILL fate uncertain |last=Kapos |first=Shia |date=May 28, 2019 |publisher=[[Politico]] |access-date=May 30, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190530233349/https://www.politico.com/newsletters/illinois-playbook/2019/05/28/pritzkers-big-win-brady-munoz-stake-in-video-gambling-abortion-bill-fate-uncertain-440275 |archive-date=May 30, 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> and required 60 percent voter approval to effectively amend the state constitution.<ref name="1:d">{{cite web |url=https://abc7chicago.com/politics/illinois-graduated-income-tax-plan-will-go-to-voters-bill-passes-house/5319069/ |title=Illinois graduated income tax plan will go to voters after Governor JB Pritzker's bill passes the State House |last=Wall |first=Craig |date=May 27, 2019 |website=abc7chicago.com |publisher=ABC 7 |access-date=May 30, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190531001900/https://abc7chicago.com/politics/illinois-graduated-income-tax-plan-will-go-to-voters-bill-passes-house/5319069/ |archive-date=May 31, 2019 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The amendment was not approved by Illinoisans, with 55.1% of voters voting "No" on approval and 44.9% voting "Yes".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wheeler |first=Kayla |title=Fair Tax Amendment fails in Illinois |url=https://www.ksdk.com/article/news/politics/elections/illinois-fair-tax-amendment-2020-election/63-bd67f26f-ab08-42da-b391-6ec75ca9c5b9 |access-date=January 9, 2021 |website=ksdk.com |date=November 4, 2020 |archive-date=February 20, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210220153951/https://www.ksdk.com/article/news/politics/elections/illinois-fair-tax-amendment-2020-election/63-bd67f26f-ab08-42da-b391-6ec75ca9c5b9 |url-status=live }}</ref>

As of 2017 Chicago had the highest state and local sales tax rate for a U.S. city with a populations above 200,000, at 10.250%.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Walczak |first1=Jared |title=Sales Tax Rates in Major Cities, Midyear 2017 |url=https://taxfoundation.org/sales-tax-rates-major-cities-midyear-2017/ |website=Taxfoundation.org |publisher=Tax Foundation |access-date=March 31, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331204403/https://taxfoundation.org/sales-tax-rates-major-cities-midyear-2017/ |archive-date=March 31, 2019 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The state of Illinois has the second highest rate of real estate tax: 2.31%, which is second only to New Jersey at 2.44%.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Kiernan |first1=John S |title=2019's Property Taxes by State |url=https://wallethub.com/edu/states-with-the-highest-and-lowest-property-taxes/11585/ |website=wallethub |publisher=Evolution Finance, Inc. |access-date=March 31, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331204633/https://wallethub.com/edu/states-with-the-highest-and-lowest-property-taxes/11585/ |archive-date=March 31, 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>

[[Toll road]]s are a ''de facto'' user tax on the citizens and visitors to the state of Illinois. Illinois ranks seventh out of the 11 states with the most miles of toll roads, at 282.1 miles. Chicago ranks fourth in most expensive toll roads in America by the mile, with the [[Chicago Skyway]] charging 51.2 cents per mile.<ref>{{cite web |title=Most Expensive Toll Roads in the United States |url=https://ezfreightfactoring.com/blog/expensive-toll-roads-united-states |website=ezfreightfactoring.com |publisher=EZ Freight Factoring |access-date=March 31, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331204623/https://ezfreightfactoring.com/blog/expensive-toll-roads-united-states |archive-date=March 31, 2019 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Illinois also has the 11th highest gasoline tax by state, at 37.5 cents per gallon.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Stebbins |first1=Samuel |title=How much gas tax adds to cost of filling up your car in every state |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/2019/02/05/gas-tax-state-what-costs-fill-up-your-car-across-country/38908491/ |website=usatoday |publisher=24/7 Wall Street |access-date=March 31, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331204623/https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/2019/02/05/gas-tax-state-what-costs-fill-up-your-car-across-country/38908491/ |archive-date=March 31, 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>