Editing History of Islam (section)

===Southeast Asia===
[[File:Masjid demak.jpg|thumb|200px|Grand Mosque of [[Sultanate of Demak|Demak]], the first Muslim state in Java]]
{{See also|Spread of Islam in Indonesia}}

Islam first reached [[Maritime Southeast Asia]] through traders from Mecca in the 7th century,<ref name="AHGC"/> particularly via the western part of what is now [[Indonesia]]. Arab traders from Yemen already had a presence in Asia through trading and travelling by sea, serving as intermediary traders to and from Europe and Africa. They traded not only Arabian goods but also goods from Africa, India, and so on which included ivory, fragrances, spices, and gold.<ref>Gustave Le Bon. (1956). ''Hadarat al Arab''. Translation of La Civilisation-des Arabes. 3rd Print. Cairo. p. 95.</ref>

According to [[T. W. Arnold]] in ''The Preaching of Islam'', by the 2nd century of the [[Islamic calendar]], Arab traders had been trading with the inhabitants of [[Ceylon]], modern-day Sri Lanka. The same argument has been told by Dr. B.H. Burger and Dr. Mr. Prajudi in ''Sedjarah Ekonomis Sosiologis Indonesia'' (History of Socio Economic of Indonesia).<ref>Suryanegara, Ahmad Mansyur. (2009). ''Sedjarah Ekonomis Sosiologis Indonesia'' (History of Socio-Economic of Indonesia). API Sejarah. Bandung. Indonesia. pp. 2–3</ref> According to an atlas created by the geographer Al-Biruni (973–1048), the Indian or Indonesian Ocean used to be called the Persian Ocean. After Western Imperialist rule, this name was changed to reflect the name used today; the Indian Ocean.<ref>Sir [[Thomas Arnold]] and Alfred Guilaume, (eds.), (1965). ''The Legacy of Islam''. Oxford University Press, New York, p. 87.</ref>

Soon, many [[Sufi]] missionaries translated classical [[Sufi literature]] from Arabic and Persian into [[Malay language|Malay]]; a tangible product of this is the [[Jawi script]]. Coupled with the composing of original [[Islamic literature]] in Malay, this led the way to the transformation of Malay into an Islamic language.<ref>{{harvnb|Nasr|2003|p=143}}</ref> By 1292, when [[Marco Polo]] visited [[Sumatra]], most of the inhabitants had converted to Islam. The [[Sultanate of Malacca]] was founded on the [[Malay Peninsula]] by [[Parameswara (sultan)|Parameswara]], a [[Srivijaya]]n Prince.

Through trade and commerce, Islam then spread to [[Borneo]] and [[Java]]. By the late 15th century, [[Islam in the Philippines|Islam]] had been introduced to the [[Philippines]] via the southern island of [[Mindanao]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Spencer Tucker|title=The Encyclopedia of the Spanish-American and Philippine-American Wars: A Political, Social, and Military History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8V3vZxOmHssC&pg=PA419|year=2009|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-85109-951-1|pages=419–|volume=1}}</ref> The foremost{{citation needed|date=June 2017}} socio-cultural Muslim entities that resulted from this are the [[Sultanate of Sulu]] and [[Sultanate of Maguindanao]]; Islamised kingdoms in the northern [[Luzon]] island, such as the [[Kingdom of Maynila]] and the [[Kingdom of Tondo]], were later conquered and [[Christianity in the Philippines|Christianised]] with the majority of the archipelago by [[Spanish colonization of the Philippines|Spanish colonisers]] beginning in the 16th century.

As Islam spread, societal changes developed from the individual conversions, and five centuries later it emerged as a dominant cultural and political power in the region. Three main Muslim political powers emerged. The [[Aceh Sultanate]] was the most important, controlling much of the area between Southeast Asia and India from its centre in northern [[Sumatra]]. The Sultanate also attracted [[Sufi poetry|Sufi poets]]. The second Muslim power was the [[Malacca Sultanate|Sultanate of Malacca]] on the Malay Peninsula. The [[Demak Sultanate|Sultanate of Demak]] on Java was the third power, where the emerging Muslim forces defeated the local [[Majapahit]] kingdom in the early 16th century.<ref>{{harvnb|Bloom|Blair|2000|pp=226–30}}</ref> Although the sultanate managed to expand its territory somewhat, its rule remained brief.<ref name="AHGC"/>

[[Portuguese empire|Portuguese]] forces captured Malacca in 1511 under naval general [[Afonso de Albuquerque]]. With Malacca subdued, the [[Aceh Sultanate]] and [[Bruneian Empire]] established themselves as centres of Islam in Southeast Asia. The Sultanate's territory, although vastly diminished, remains intact to this day as the modern state of [[Brunei Darussalam]].<ref name="AHGC"/>