Editing Historical negationism (section)

====Yugoslavia====
Throughout the post war era, though Tito denounced nationalist sentiments in historiography, those trends continued with Croat and Serbian academics at times accusing each other of misrepresenting each other's histories, especially in relation to the Croat-Nazi alliance.<ref name="Kolander267">{{cite book|last=Kolander|first=Patricia|chapter= "Malevolent Partnership of Blatant Opportunism?" Croat-German Relations, 1919–1941|editor1-last=Bullivant|editor1-first=Keith|editor2-last=Giles|editor2-first=Geoffrey J.|editor3-last=Pape|editor3-first=Walter|title=Germany and Eastern Europe: Cultural identities and cultural differences|year=1999|publisher=Rodopi|isbn=9789042006782|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jXKk-gs-VNEC&q=Serbian+historiography+tito&pg=PA267|page=267}}</ref> Communist historiography was challenged in the 1980s and a rehabilitation of Serbian nationalism by Serbian historians began.<ref name="Brunnbauer364">{{cite book|last=Brunnbauer|first=Ulf|chapter=Historical Writing in the Balkans|editor1-last=Woolf|editor1-first=Daniel|editor2-last=Schneider|editor2-first=Axel|title=The Oxford History of Historical Writing: Volume 5: Historical Writing Since 1945|year=2011|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780199225996|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eJ4SDAAAQBAJ&q=Serbian+historians+debates&pg=PA364|page=364}}</ref>{{sfn|Perica|2002|p=147}} Historians and other members of the intelligentsia belonging to the [[Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts]] (SANU) and the [[Association of Writers of Serbia|Writers Association]] played a significant role in the explanation of the new historical narrative.<ref name="BieberGalijas2016">{{cite book|last1=Bieber|first1=Florian|last2=Galijaš|first2=Armina|title=Debating the End of Yugoslavia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PwspDAAAQBAJ&q=Serbian+historians+debates&pg=PA120|year=2016|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781317154242|page=117}}</ref><ref name="Ramet19">{{cite book|last=Ramet|first=Sabrina Petra|title=Balkan Babel: The Disintegration of Yugoslavia From The Death of Tito to the Fall of Milošević|url=https://archive.org/details/balkanbabeldisin04edrame|url-access=registration|quote=Serbian historians debates.|year=2002|publisher=Westview Press|isbn=9780813339054|page=[https://archive.org/details/balkanbabeldisin04edrame/page/19 19]}}</ref><ref name="Ramet322">{{cite book|last=Ramet|first=Sabrina P.|title=The three Yugoslavias: State-building and legitimation, 1918–2005|year=2006|publisher=Indiana University Press|isbn=9780253346568|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FTw3lEqi2-oC&q=Serbian+historiography+tito&pg=PA322|page=322}}</ref> The process of writing a "new Serbian history" paralleled alongside the emerging ethno-nationalist mobilization of Serbs with the objective of reorganizing the Yugoslav federation.{{sfn|Perica|2002|p=147}} Using ideas and concepts from Holocaust historiography, Serbian historians alongside church leaders applied it to World War Two Yugoslavia and equated the Serbs with Jews and Croats with Nazi Germans.{{sfn|Perica|2002|p=150}}

Chetniks along with the Ustashe were vilified by Tito era historiography within Yugoslavia.<ref name="Ramet129"/> In the 1980s, Serbian historians initiated the process of re-examining the narrative of how World War Two was told in Yugoslavia which was accompanied by the rehabilitation of Četnik leader [[Draža Mihailović]].<ref name="EmmertIngrao42">{{cite book|last1=Emmert|first1=Thomas|last2=Ingrao|first2=Charles|title=Conflict in Southeastern Europe at the End of the Twentieth Century: A" Scholars' Initiative" Assesses Some of the Controversies|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gUqOAQAAQBAJ&q=Serbian+historians+controversy&pg=PA42|year=2013|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781317970163|page=42}}</ref><ref name="Drapac282">{{cite book|last=Drapac|first=Vesna|chapter=Catholic resistance and collaboration in the Second World War: From Master Narrative to Practical Application|editor1-last=Rutar|editor1-first=Sabine|title=Beyond the Balkans: Towards an Inclusive History of Southeastern Europe|year=2014|publisher=LIT Verlag|isbn=9783643106582|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lISdAgAAQBAJ&q=Serbian+historians+debates&pg=PA282|page=282}}</ref> Monographs relating to Mihailović and the Četnik movement were produced by some younger historians who were ideologically close to it towards the end of the 1990s.<ref name="Stojanovic249">{{cite book|last=Stojanović|first=Dubravka|editor1-last=Ramet|editor1-first=Sabrina|editor2-last=Listhaug|editor2-first=Ole|title=Serbia and the Serbs in World War Two|year=2011|publisher=Springer|isbn=9780230347816|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gkiEDAAAQBAJ&q=Serbian+historians+debates&pg=PA111|page=249}}</ref> Being preoccupied with the era, Serbian historians have looked to vindicate the history of the Chetniks by portraying them as righteous freedom fighters battling the Nazis while removing from history books the ambiguous alliances with the Italians and Germans.<ref name="MacDonald138">{{cite book|last=MacDonald|first=David Bruce|title=Balkan Holocausts?: Serbian and Croatian victim centred propaganda and the war in Yugoslavia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kBjrJyen4FEC&q=Serbian+historians+controversy&pg=PA138|year=2003|publisher=Manchester University Press|isbn=9780719064678|page=138}}</ref><ref name="Ramet129">{{cite book|last=Ramet|first=Sabrina P.|title=Serbia since 1989: Politics and Society under Milopevic and After|year=2005|publisher=University of Washington Press|isbn=9780295802077|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dhITCgAAQBAJ&q=Serbian+historiography+tito&pg=PA129|page=129}}</ref><ref name="Subotic201">{{cite book|last=Subotic|first=Jelena|chapter=The Mythologizing of Communist Violence|editor1-last=Stan|editor1-first=Lavinia|editor2-last=Nedelsky|editor2-first=Nadya|title=Post-communist Transitional Justice: Lessons from Twenty-five Years of Experience|year=2015|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9781107065567|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=twFEBgAAQBAJ&q=serbian+historiography+partisans&pg=PA201|page=201}}</ref><ref name="Finney353">{{cite book|last=Finney|first=Patrick|chapter=Land of Ghosts: Memories of War in the Balkans|editor1-last=Buckley|editor1-first=John|editor2-last=Kassimeris|editor2-first=George|title=The Ashgate research companion to modern warfare|year=2010|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781409499534|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qUjCI13U5VUC&q=Serbian+historians+debates&pg=PA353|page=353}}</ref> Whereas the crimes committed by Chetniks against Croats and Muslims in Serbian historiography are overall "cloaked in silence".<ref name="Becirevic46">{{harvnb|Bećirević|2014|p=46}}</ref> During the Milošević era, Serbian history was falsified to obscure the role Serbian collaborators [[Milan Nedić]] and [[Dimitrije Ljotić]] played in cleansing [[History of the Jews in Serbia|Serbia's Jewish community]], killing them in the country or deporting them to Eastern European concentration camps.{{sfn|Perica|2002|p=151}}

In the 1990s following a massive Western media coverage of the [[Yugoslav Wars]], there was a rise of the publications considering the matter on historical revisionism of [[former Yugoslavia]]. One of the most prominent authors on the field of historical revisionism in the 1990s considering the newly emerged republics is [[Noel Malcolm]] and his works ''Bosnia: A Short History (1994)'' and ''Kosovo: A Short History (1998)'', that have seen a robust debate among historians following their release; following the release of the latter, the merits of the book were the subject of an extended debate in ''Foreign Affairs''. Critics said that the book was "marred by his sympathies for its ethnic Albanian separatists, anti-Serbian bias, and illusions about the Balkans".{{sfn|Djilas|1998}} In late 1999, Thomas Emmert of the history faculty of [[Gustavus Adolphus College]] in [[Minnesota]] reviewed the book in ''Journal of Southern Europe and the Balkans Online'' and while praising aspects of the book also asserted that it was "shaped by the author's overriding determination to challenge Serbian myths", that Malcolm was "partisan", and also complained that the book made a "transparent attempt to prove that the main Serbian myths are false".{{sfn|Emmert|1999}} In 2006, a study by Frederick Anscombe looked at issues surrounding scholarship on Kosovo such as Noel Malcolm's work ''Kosovo: A Short History''.<ref name="Anscombe770"/> Anscombe noted that Malcolm offered a "detailed critique of the competing versions of Kosovo's history" and that his work marked a "remarkable reversal" of previous acceptance by Western historians of the "Serbian account" regarding the migration of the Serbs (1690) from Kosovo.<ref name="Anscombe770">{{harvnb|Anscombe|2006|p=770}}. "Noel Malcolm, who offers a detailed critique of the competing versions of Kosovo's history... Here is a remarkable reversal, as Malcolm, like other Western historians, had previously accepted the Serbian account."</ref> Malcolm has been criticized for being "anti-Serbian" and selective like the Serbs with the sources, while other more restrained critics note that "his arguments are unconvincing".<ref name="Anscombe770771"/> Anscombe noted that Malcolm, like Serbian and Yugoslav historians who have ignored his conclusions, sidelines and is unwilling to consider indigenous evidence such as that from the Ottoman archive when composing national history.<ref name="Anscombe770771">{{harvnb|Anscombe|2006|pp=770–71}}. "Malcolm is criticized for being anti-Serbian, and for using his sources as selectively as the Serbs, though the more restrained of his critics only suggest that his arguments are unconvincing. Most of the documents he relies on were written by enemies of the Ottoman Empire, or by officials with limited experience of the Ottoman Balkans... Malcolm, like the historians of Serbia and Yugoslavia who ignore his findings, overlooks the most valuable indigenous evidence. Unwillingness to consider Ottoman evidence when constructing national history is exemplified by the Serbian historians..."</ref>