Editing Franklin D. Roosevelt (section)

===Historical reputation===
Roosevelt is widely considered to be one of the most important figures in [[history of the United States|U.S. history]],<ref name="100mostinfluential">{{cite magazine|title=The 100 Most Influential Figures in American History|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2006/12/the-100-most-influential-figures-in-american-history/305384/|access-date=October 13, 2017|last1=Appleby|first1=Joyce|last2=Brands|first2=H.W.|last3=Dallek|first3=Robert|last4=Fitzpatrick|first4=Ellen|last5=Goodwin|first5=Doris Kearns|last6=Gordon|first6=John Steele|last7=Kennedy|first7=David M.|last8=McDougall|first8=Walter|last9=Noll|first9=Mark|last10=Wood|first10=Gordon S.|magazine=The Atlantic|date=December 2006}}</ref> and one of the most influential figures of the 20th century.<ref name="kwalsh1">{{cite magazine|last1=Walsh|first1=Kenneth T.|title=FDR: The President Who Made America Into a Superpower|url=https://www.usnews.com/news/blogs/ken-walshs-washington/2015/04/10/fdr-franklin-delano-roosevelt-made-america-into-a-superpower|access-date=October 13, 2017|magazine=U.S. News & World Report|date=April 10, 2015}}</ref> Historians and political scientists consistently rank Roosevelt, [[George Washington]], and [[Abraham Lincoln]] as the three [[Historical rankings of presidents of the United States|greatest presidents]], although the order varies.<ref name=greatestpresidents>{{cite web|title=Presidential Historians Survey 2017|url=https://www.c-span.org/presidentsurvey2017/?page=overall|department=C-SPAN Survey of Presidential Leadership|publisher=[[C-SPAN]]}}</ref><ref name=greatestpresidents2>{{cite news|title=Presidential Leadership – The Rankings|url=http://www.opinionjournal.com/extra/?id=110007243|date=September 12, 2005|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051102135447/http://www.opinionjournal.com/extra/?id=110007243|archive-date=November 2, 2005|newspaper=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|access-date=May 4, 2015}}</ref><ref name=greatestpresidents3>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/monkey-cage/wp/2015/02/16/new-ranking-of-u-s-presidents-puts-lincoln-1-obama-18-kennedy-judged-most-over-rated/|title=New ranking of U.S. presidents puts Lincoln at No. 1, Obama at 18; Kennedy judged most overrated|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|last1=Rottinghaus|first1=Brandon|last2=Vaughn|first2=Justin|date=February 16, 2015|access-date=May 4, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal| first=Arthur M. Jr. |last=Schlesinger|title=Ranking the Presidents: From Washington to Clinton|journal=Political Science Quarterly|date=Summer 1997|volume=112|issue=2|pages=179–90|jstor=2657937|doi=10.2307/2657937}}</ref> Reflecting on Roosevelt's presidency, "which brought the United States through the Great Depression and World War II to a prosperous future", biographer [[Jean Edward Smith]] said in 2007, "He lifted himself from a wheelchair to lift the nation from its knees."{{Sfn|Smith|2007|p=ix}}

His commitment to the working class and unemployed in need of relief in the nation's longest recession made him a favorite of blue-collar workers, labor unions, and ethnic minorities.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Greenstein|first=F I|title=The Presidential Difference Leadership Style from FDR to Barack Obama|edition=3rd |publisher=Princeton University Press|year=2009|isbn=978-0-691-14383-5|location=United Kingdom|page=14}}</ref> The rapid expansion of government programs that occurred during Roosevelt's term redefined the role of government in the United States, and Roosevelt's advocacy for government social programs was instrumental in redefining [[Modern liberalism in the United States|liberalism]] for coming generations.<ref>{{Citation|author-link=Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr.|last=Schlesinger|first=Arthur M. Jr|contribution-url=http://www.writing.upenn.edu/~afilreis/50s/schleslib.html|contribution=Liberalism in America: A Note for Europeans|title=The Politics of Hope|publisher=Riverside Press|year=2007|orig-date = 1963|isbn=978-0-691-13475-8}}</ref> Roosevelt firmly established U.S. leadership on the world stage with his role in shaping and financing World War II. His isolationist critics faded away, and even the Republicans joined in his overall policies.{{sfn|Black|2005|pp=1126–27}} He also permanently increased the power of the president at the expense of Congress.{{sfn|Leuchtenburg|2015|pp=174–75}}

His Second Bill of Rights became, according to historian [[Joshua Zeitz]], "the basis of the Democratic Party's aspirations for the better part of four decades".<ref name="zeitzsbr">{{cite news|last1=Zeitz|first1=Joshua|title=Democrats Aren't Moving Left. They're Returning to Their Roots.|url=https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2018/11/04/elections-2018-democrats-history-liberal-progressive-socialist-222187|access-date=November 17, 2018|work=Politico|date=November 4, 2018}}</ref> After his death, Eleanor continued to be a forceful presence in U.S. and world politics, serving as delegate to the conference which established the United Nations and championing civil rights and liberalism generally. Some junior New Dealers played leading roles in the presidencies of Truman, [[John F. Kennedy]], and [[Lyndon B. Johnson]]. Kennedy came from a Roosevelt-hating family. Historian [[William Leuchtenburg]] says that before 1960, "Kennedy showed a conspicuous lack of inclination to identify himself as a New Deal liberal." He adds, as president, "Kennedy never wholly embraced the Roosevelt tradition and at times he deliberately severed himself from it."<ref>{{Citation|first=William E.|last=Leuchtenburg|title=In the Shadow of FDR: From Harry Truman to George W. Bush|publisher=Cornell University Press|year=2001|isbn=978-0-8014-8737-8|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/inshadowoffdrfro00leuc_0|pages=128, 178}}</ref> By contrast, young Lyndon Johnson had been an enthusiastic New Dealer and a favorite of Roosevelt. Johnson modelled his presidency on Roosevelt's.<ref>Leuchtenburg, pp. 208, 218, 226.</ref><ref>John Massaro, "LBJ and the Fortas Nomination for Chief Justice". ''Political Science Quarterly'' 97.4 (1982): 603–621.</ref>

During his presidency, and continuing to a lesser extent afterwards, there has been much [[Criticism of Franklin D. Roosevelt|criticism of Roosevelt]], some of it intense. Critics have questioned not only [[Critics of the New Deal|his policies, positions]], and the consolidation of power that occurred due to his responses to the Depression and World War II but also his breaking with tradition by running for a third term as president.{{Sfn|Dallek|2017|pp=624–25}} Long after his death, new lines of attack criticized Roosevelt's policies regarding helping the Jews of Europe,{{Sfn|Wyman|1984}} incarcerating the Japanese on the [[West Coast of the United States|West Coast]],{{Sfn|Robinson|2001}} and opposing anti-lynching legislation.{{Sfn|Dallek|2017|p=626}}

Roosevelt was criticized by conservatives for his economic policies, especially the shift in tone from [[individualism]] to [[Collectivism and individualism|collectivism]] with the expansion of the [[welfare state]] and regulation of the economy. Those criticisms continued decades after his death. One factor in the revisiting of these issues was the election of [[Ronald Reagan]] in 1980, who opposed the New Deal.<ref>Bruce Frohnen, Jeremy Beer and Jeffery O. Nelson, eds. ''American Conservatism: An Encyclopedia'' (2006). pp. 619–621, 645–646.</ref><ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1981/12/23/us/no-headline-143644.html "Reagan says many New Dealers wanted fascism"]. ''[[The New York Times]]''. December 22, 1981.</ref>