Editing Florence (section)

== Transportation ==
=== Cars ===
The centre of Florence is closed to through-traffic, although buses, taxis and residents with appropriate permits are allowed in. This area is commonly referred to as the ZTL (''Zona Traffico Limitato''), which is divided into several subsections.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.italyperfect.com/blog/the-ztl-avoid-restricted-traffic-zones-fines-in-italy.html |title=The ZTL – Avoid Restricted Traffic Zones & Fines in Italy – Italy Perfect Travel Blog |date=16 June 2015 |work=Italy Perfect Travel Blog |access-date=3 February 2018 |language=en-US}}</ref> Residents of one section, therefore, will only be able to drive in their district and perhaps some surrounding ones. Cars without permits are allowed to enter after 7:30&nbsp;pm, or before 7:30&nbsp;am. The rules shift during the tourist-filled summers, putting more restrictions on where one can get in and out.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.florence-on-line.com/maps-of-florence/florence-driving-map-ztl.html |title=Florence Driving Map, the ZTL explained : Florence on Line |website=www.florence-on-line.com |language=en |access-date=3 February 2018}}</ref>

=== Buses ===
'''ATAF&Li-nea''' was the bus company that ran the principal public transit network in the city; it was one of the companies of the consortium [[ONE Scarl]]<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.onescarl.it/ | title = Muoversi in Toscana | publisher = ONE Scarl | access-date = 24 May 2022}}</ref> to accomplish the contract stipulated with the [[Regione Toscana]] for the public transport in the 2018–2019 period. Individual tickets, or a pass called ''Carta Agile'' with multiple rides, are purchased in advance and must be validated once on board. These tickets may be used on ATAF&Li-nea buses, Tramvia and second-class local trains only within city railway stations. The bus fleet consisted of 446 urban, 5 suburban, 20 intercity and 15 tourism buses.

Intercity bus transit is run by the [[Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane|SITA]], [[COPIT]], and [[CAP Autolinee]] companies. The transit companies also accommodate travellers from the [[Amerigo Vespucci Airport]], which is {{convert|5|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} west of the city centre, and which has scheduled services run by major European carriers.

{{As of|2021|November|1|since=y}}, the public local transport is operated by [[Autolinee Toscane]].<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.at-bus.it/it/notizie/354-guida-al-primo-giorno-di-servizio.html | title = Guida al primo giorno di servizio | website = Autolinee Toscane | access-date = 30 May 2022}}</ref>

=== Trams ===
{{Main|Trams in Florence}}
[[File:Tramvia firenze sirio.jpg|thumb|right|[[List of town tramway systems in Italy|Tramway]] [[Hitachi Sirio|Sirio]] in Florence]]
[[File:Firenze - mappa rete tranviaria.svg|thumb|Route map of the tramway]]

In an effort to reduce air pollution and car traffic in the city, a multi-line tram network called ''Tramvia'' is under construction. The first line began operation on 14 February 2010 and connects Florence's primary intercity railway station ([[Firenze Santa Maria Novella railway station|Santa Maria Novella]]) with the southwestern suburb of [[Scandicci]]. This line is {{convert|7.4|km|mi|frac=16|abbr=on}} long and has 14 stops. The construction of a second line began on 5 November 2011, construction was stopped due to contractors' difficulties and restarted in 2014 with the new line opening on 11 February 2019. This second line connects Florence's airport with the city centre. A third line (from [[Firenze Santa Maria Novella railway station|Santa Maria Novella]] to the Careggi area, where the most important hospitals of Florence are located) is also under construction.<ref>{{cite web |title=Arriva La Tramvia (in Italian) |url=http://www.gestramvia.it/home.html |publisher=GEST |access-date=11 December 2011 |archive-date=8 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131008000903/http://www.gestramvia.it/home.html |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.comune.firenze.it/opencms/export/sites/retecivica/amm/piani_e_progetti/Tramvia.html |title=Tramvia – Il Sistema Tramviario Fiorentino |access-date=11 December 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120202152941/http://www.comune.firenze.it/opencms/export/sites/retecivica/amm/piani_e_progetti/Tramvia.html |archive-date=2 February 2012}}, Tramvia page of Florence's city government web site (in Italian).</ref><ref>[[Trams in Florence]], Wikipedia article "Florence tramway"</ref>{{circular reference|date=August 2020}}

=== Florence public transport statistics ===
The average amount of time people spend commuting with public transit in Florence, for example to and from work, on a weekday is 59 min. 13% of public transit riders ride for more than 2 hours every day. The average amount of time people wait at a stop or station for public transit is 14 min, while 22% of riders wait for over 20 minutes on average every day. The average distance people usually ride in a single trip with public transit is {{cvt|4.1|km}}, while 3% travel for over {{cvt|12|km}} in a single direction.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://moovitapp.com/insights/en/Moovit_Insights_Public_Transit_Index_Italy_Firenze-2022 |title=Firenze Public Transportation Statistics |publisher=Global Public Transit Index by Moovit |access-date=19 June 2017}} [[File:CC-BY icon.svg|50x50px]] Material was copied from this source, which is available under a [[creativecommons:by/4.0/|Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License]].</ref>

=== Airport ===
[[File:Aeroporto di Firenze - main building seen from restaurant at the 1st floor.jpg|thumb|[[Florence Airport]]]]

The [[Florence Airport]], Peretola, is one of two main international airports in the Tuscany region. The other international airport in the Tuscany region is the [[Galileo Galilei Airport|Galileo Galilei International Airport]] in Pisa.

=== Railway station ===
{{update|the status of high-speed rail to Florence|date=November 2023}}
[[Firenze Santa Maria Novella railway station]] is the main national and international railway station in Florence and is used by 59&nbsp;million people every year.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.grandistazioni.it/cms/v/index.jsp?vgnextoid=84db47db3c09a110VgnVCM1000003f16f90aRCRD |title=Grandi Stazioni – Firenze S. Maria Novella |publisher=Grandistazioni.it |access-date=22 June 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180509145137/http://www.grandistazioni.it/cms/v/index.jsp?vgnextoid=84db47db3c09a110VgnVCM1000003f16f90aRCRD |archive-date=9 May 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The building, designed by Giovanni Michelucci, was built in the ''Italian Rationalism'' style and it is one of the major rationalist buildings in Italy. It is located in ''Piazza della Stazione'', near the [[Fortezza da Basso]], a masterpiece of the military Renaissance architecture, and the [[Viali di Circonvallazione]], and in front of the [[Basilica of Santa Maria Novella]]'s apse from which it takes its name. As well as numerous high speed trains to major Italian cities Florence is served by international overnight sleeper services to Munich and Vienna operated by Austrian railways ÖBB.

Train tickets must be validated before boarding. The main bus station is next to Santa Maria Novella [[railway station]]. [[Trenitalia]] runs trains between the railway stations within the city, and to other destinations around Italy and Europe. The central railway station, [[Firenze Santa Maria Novella railway station|Santa Maria Novella]], is about {{convert|500|m|ft|abbr=on}} northwest of the Piazza del Duomo. There are two other important stations: [[Firenze Campo di Marte railway station|Campo di Marte]] and [[Firenze Rifredi railway station|Rifredi]]. Most bundled routes are Firenze–Pisa, Firenze–Viareggio and Firenze–Arezzo (along the main line to Rome). Other local railways connect Florence with [[Borgo San Lorenzo]] in the [[Mugello]] area (Faentina railway) and [[Siena]].

A new high-speed rail station in Florence, originally scheduled to open in 2015, is currently under construction and now expected to be completed by 2028.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Farrell |first=Helen |date=2023-07-27 |title=Work begins on Florence’s ground-breaking future high-speed station |url=https://www.theflorentine.net/2023/07/27/work-begins-florence-future-high-speed-station/ |access-date=2025-04-04 |website=The Florentine |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=4 July 2023 |title=Alta Velocità, il nuovo hub di Firenze sarà pronto nel 2028 |url=https://www.ferrovie.it/portale/articoli/13336 |access-date=4 April 2025 |website=Ferrovie.it}}</ref> Known as Firenze Belfiore or Firenze Foster, the station is designed to serve high-speed trains and reduce congestion at Santa Maria Novella station. It is planned to be connected to the city centre, Santa Maria Novella, and Florence’s Vespucci Airport via Line 2 of the Tramvia.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tramvia di Firenze |url=https://www.fsitaliane.it/content/fsitaliane/it/opere-strategiche/nodo-av-di-firenze.html |access-date=4 April 2025 |website=Gestramvia}}</ref> The station was designed by [[Foster and Partners|Foster + Partners]] in collaboration with Lancietti Passaleva Giordo and Associates with Arup serving as the engineering partner.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Firenze Belfiore Station |url=https://www.fosterandpartners.com/projects/florence-high-speed-railway-station |access-date=4 April 2025 |website=Foster + Partners}}</ref>