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====Switzerland==== [[Switzerland]] has a tradition of strong conservatism; which can be seen in its legal and social history: in Europe, Switzerland was one of the last countries to establish gender equality in marriage: married women's rights were severely restricted until 1988, when legal reforms providing gender equality in marriage, abolishing the legal authority of the husband, come into force (these reforms had been approved in 1985 by voters in a [[Voting in Switzerland|referendum]], who narrowly voted in favor with 54.7% of voters approving).<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1985/09/23/world/swiss-grant-women-equal-marriage-rights.html |title=Swiss Grant Women Equal Marriage Rights |newspaper=The New York Times|date=23 September 1985}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-17988450|title=Switzerland profile – Timeline|work=BBC News|date=28 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://history-switzerland.geschichte-schweiz.ch/chronology-womens-right-vote-switzerland.html|title=The Long Way to Women's Right to Vote in Switzerland: a Chronology|first=Markus G. Jud, Lucerne|last=Switzerland|website=history-switzerland.geschichte-schweiz.ch}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Women's movements of the world: an international directory and reference guide |author1=Sally Shreir |author2=F. John Harper |year=1988 |publisher=Longman |page=254 |isbn=9780897745086 |oclc=17353816}}</ref> [[Adultery]] was decriminalized in 1989.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/f/F16108.php |title=Adultère|first=Anne-Lise|last=Head-König|website=HLS-DHS-DSS.CH}}</ref> Until the late 20th century, most [[Cantons of Switzerland|cantons]] had regulations banning unmarried cohabitation of couples; the last canton to end such prohibition was [[Valais]], in 1995.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.socialinfo.ch/cgi-bin/dicoposso/show.cfm?id=825|title=Dictionnaire Suisse de politique sociale : Union libre|website=www.socialinfo.ch|access-date=8 April 2016|archive-date=17 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160217012637/http://www.socialinfo.ch/cgi-bin/dicoposso/show.cfm?id=825|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Keller |first=Tomie |title=NATIONAL REPORT: SWITZERLAND |url=http://ceflonline.net/wp-content/uploads/Switzerland-IR.pdf |access-date=7 August 2022 |website=ceflonline.net}}</ref> As of 2015, 22.5% of births were to unmarried women.<ref>{{cite web|title=Naissances et fécondité |trans-title=Births and fertility |website=Statistique suisse |url=http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/fr/index/themen/01/06/blank/key/02.html |access-date=17 June 2016 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160528231850/http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/fr/index/themen/01/06/blank/key/02.html |archive-date=28 May 2016|url-status=dead |language=fr}}</ref> Births outside marriage are most common in the French speaking part (highest percentage in the cantons of [[Vaud]], [[Canton of Neuchâtel|Neuchâtel]], [[Canton of Geneva|Geneva]], [[Canton of Jura|Jura]]) and least common in the eastern German speaking cantons (lowest percentage in the cantons of [[Canton of St. Gallen|St. Gallen]], [[Canton of Zug|Zug]], [[Appenzell Innerrhoden]], [[Appenzell Ausserrhoden]]).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/fr/index/themen/01/06/blank/key/02/03.html |website=Statistique suisse |title=Proportion de naissances vivantes hors mariage |trans-title=Proportion of live births outside marriage |language=fr |access-date=8 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160411103759/http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/fr/index/themen/01/06/blank/key/02/03.html |archive-date=11 April 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
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