Editing Brooklyn Bridge (section)

== Impact ==
At the time of construction, contemporaries marveled at what technology was capable of, and the bridge became a symbol of the era's optimism. [[John Perry Barlow]] wrote in the late 20th century of the "literal and genuinely religious leap of faith" embodied in the bridge's construction, saying that the "Brooklyn Bridge required of its builders faith in their ability to control technology".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://w2.eff.org/Misc/Publications/John_Perry_Barlow/HTML/brooklyn_bridge.html |title=The View from the Brooklyn Bridge In Response to 'The Five Imperatives for Electronic Trade' |publisher=[[Electronic Frontier Foundation]] |date=March 21, 1995 |access-date=March 22, 2016 |first=John Perry |last=Barlow| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110810205924/http://w2.eff.org/Misc/Publications/John_Perry_Barlow/HTML/brooklyn_bridge.html| archive-date=August 10, 2011| url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Historical designations and plaques===
{{multiple image
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| header = Brooklyn Bridge plaques
| image1 = Brooklynbridge tablet 200907.jpg
| alt1 = A plaque at the Manhattan tower, which mentions the bridge's dedication and renovation
| caption1 = Dedication and renovation plaque, at Manhattan tower
| image2 = New York City 03.jpg
| caption2 = New York City designated landmark plaque
| alt2 = A plaque that certifies the Brooklyn Bridge as a New York City designated landmark
}}
The Brooklyn Bridge has been listed as a [[National Historic Landmark]] since January&nbsp;29, 1964,<ref name="nhlsum">{{cite web |url=http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=376&ResourceType=Structure |title=Brooklyn Bridge |publisher=[[National Park Service]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021128053708/http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=376&ResourceType=Structure |archive-date=November 28, 2002 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=48 Sites Are Listed As U.S. Landmarks | website=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331 | date=January 30, 1964 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1964/01/30/archives/48-sites-are-listed-as-us-landmarks.html | access-date=June 18, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url={{NHLS url |id=66000523}}|title=The Brooklyn Bridge|last1=Armstrong|first1=James B.|last2=Bradford|first2=S. Sydney|date=February 24, 1975|work=National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination|publisher=[[National Park Service]]}}<br>{{cite web|url={{NHLS url |id=66000523 |photos=y}}|title=The Brooklyn Bridge—Accompanying three photos, from 1975|date=February 24, 1975|work=National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination|publisher=National Park Service}}</ref> and was subsequently added to the [[National Register of Historic Places]] on October&nbsp;15, 1966.<ref name="nris" /> The bridge has also been a [[New York City designated landmark]] since August&nbsp;24, 1967,<ref name="NYCL" /> and was designated a [[List of historic civil engineering landmarks|National Historic Civil Engineering Landmark]] in 1972.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ascemetsection.org/committees/history-and-heritage/landmarks/brooklyn-bridge|title=Brooklyn Bridge|publisher=[[American Society of Civil Engineers]] Metropolitan Section|access-date=November 12, 2016}}</ref> In addition, it was placed on [[UNESCO]]'s list of tentative [[World Heritage Site]]s in 2017.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/6232/|title=Brooklyn Bridge|publisher=UNESCO World Heritage Centre|date=October 11, 2017|access-date=June 8, 2019}}</ref>

A bronze plaque is attached to the Manhattan anchorage, which was constructed on the site of the [[Samuel Osgood House]] at 1&nbsp;Cherry Street in Manhattan. Named after [[Samuel Osgood]], a Massachusetts politician and lawyer, it was built in 1770 and served as the first U.S. presidential mansion.<ref>{{cite news |title=A Historic Home Marked |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1899/05/02/archives/a-historic-home-marked-tablet-unveiled-at-site-of-first.html |newspaper=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331 |date=May 2, 1899 |access-date=December 11, 2011}}</ref> The Osgood House was demolished in 1856.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nysun.com/new-york/piece-of-history-stands-hidden-on-brooklyn-bridge/35329/|title=A Piece of History Stands Hidden on Brooklyn Bridge|work=New York Sun|date=June 30, 2006|access-date=January 24, 2020}}</ref>

Another plaque on the Manhattan side of the pedestrian promenade, installed by the city in 1975, indicates the bridge's status as a city landmark.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1975/03/06/archives/a-city-plaque-extols-the-gossamer-beauty-of-the-brooklyn-bridge.html|title=A City Plaque Extols the Gossamer Beauty of the Brooklyn Bridge|date=March 6, 1975|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|access-date=July 5, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first=George|last=James|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/33567066/|title=Poets Caught in Span's Silky Web|date=March 19, 1975|work=New York Daily News|access-date=July 5, 2019|page=338|via=newspapers.com}}</ref>

===Culture===
The Brooklyn Bridge has had an impact on idiomatic [[American English]]. For example, references to "selling the Brooklyn Bridge" are frequent in American culture, sometimes presented as a historical reality but more often as an expression meaning an idea that strains credulity. [[George C. Parker]] and [[William McCloundy]] were two early 20th-century con men who may have perpetrated this scam successfully, particularly on new immigrants,<ref>{{cite news |title=For You, Half Price |first=Gabriel |last=Cohen |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/11/27/nyregion/thecity/27brid.html |newspaper=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331 |date=November 27, 2005 |access-date=February 20, 2010}}</ref> although the author of ''The Brooklyn Bridge: A Cultural History'' wrote, "No evidence exists that the bridge has ever been sold to a 'gullible outlander'".{{sfn|Haw|2005|p=145}}

[[File:Love locks of the Brooklyn Bridge.jpg|thumb|left|Love locks on the Brooklyn Bridge|alt="Love locks" on the Brooklyn Bridge. Couples inscribe a date and their initials onto a lock, attach it to the bridge, and throw the key into the water as a sign of their love.]]

As a tourist attraction, the Brooklyn Bridge is a popular site for clusters of [[love lock]]s, wherein a couple inscribes a date and their initials onto a lock, attach it to the bridge, and throw the key into the water as a sign of their love. The practice is illegal in New York City and the NYPD can give violators a $100 fine. NYCDOT workers periodically remove the love locks from the bridge at a cost of $100,000 per year.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/15/nyregion/brooklyn-bridge-lovelocks.html|title=Dear John: Brooklyn Bridge Discourages Token of Love, With a Smile|last=Nir|first=Sarah Maslin|date=November 14, 2016|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|access-date=July 4, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://ny.curbed.com/2016/10/8/13211344/brooklyn-bridge-love-locks-banned-new-york|title=Brooklyn Bridge Is No Place for 'Love Locks,' Says City Officials|last=Walker|first=Ameena|date=October 8, 2016|website=Curbed NY|access-date=July 4, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|first=Mary|last=Frost|url=https://brooklyneagle.com/articles/2016/10/07/love-locks-lost-on-brooklyn-bridge/|title='Love Locks' Lost, On Brooklyn Bridge|date=October 7, 2016|website=Brooklyn Eagle|access-date=July 4, 2019}}</ref>

To highlight the Brooklyn Bridge's cultural status, the city proposed building a Brooklyn Bridge museum near the bridge's Brooklyn end in the 1970s.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1974/08/20/archives/brooklyn-bridge-museum-is-planned-plaque-put-up-target-date-of-1976.html|title=Brooklyn Bridge Museum Is Planned|date=August 20, 1974|work=The New York Times|access-date=July 4, 2019|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Though the museum was ultimately not constructed, as many as 10,000 drawings and documents relating to it were found in a carpenter shop in Williamsburg in 1976.<ref name="nyt19760528">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1976/05/28/archives/refound-art-of-the-brooklyn-bridge.html|title=Refound Art of the Brooklyn Bridge|last=Goldberger|first=Paul|date=May 28, 1976|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|access-date=July 4, 2019}}</ref> These documents were given to the [[New York City Municipal Archives]], where they are normally located,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1976/04/14/archives/archives-get-plans-of-brooklyn-bridge.html|title=Archives Get Plans Of Brooklyn Bridge|last=Goldberger|first=Paul|date=April 14, 1976|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|access-date=July 4, 2019}}</ref> though a selection of them were displayed at the [[Whitney Museum of American Art (original building)|Whitney Museum of American Art]] when they were discovered.<ref name="nyt19760528" />

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===Media===

The bridge is often featured in [[wide shot]]s of the [[New York City]] skyline in television and film and has been depicted in numerous works of art.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Kramer|first=Hilton|date=May 26, 1973|title=Art: Brooklyn Bridge Celebrated|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1973/05/26/archives/art-brooklyn-bridge-celebrated-90th-birthday-marked-at-schoelkopf.html|access-date=June 6, 2020|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Fictional works have used the Brooklyn Bridge as a setting; for instance, the dedication of a portion of the bridge, and the bridge itself, were key components in the 2001 film ''[[Kate & Leopold]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Wilmington|first=Michael|title='Kate & Leopold': No Logic Needed When You Have Ryan|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-2001-12-25-0112250015-story.html|access-date=August 25, 2020|website=Chicago Tribune|date=December 25, 2001 |language=en-US}}</ref> Furthermore, the Brooklyn Bridge has also served as an icon of America, with mentions in numerous songs, books, and poems.<ref name="McCullough pp. 548-549">{{harvnb|ps=.|McCullough|1972|pp=548–549}}</ref> Among the most notable of these works is that of American [[Modernist literature|Modernist]] poet [[Hart Crane]], who used the Brooklyn Bridge as a central metaphor and organizing structure for his second book of poetry, ''[[The Bridge (long poem)|The Bridge]]'' (1930).<ref name="McCullough pp. 548-549" /><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/brooklynbridgefa0000trac|url-access=registration|quote=Hart Crane brooklyn bridge.|title=Brooklyn Bridge: Fact and Symbol|last=Trachtenberg|first=Alan|date=July 15, 1979|publisher=[[University of Chicago Press]]|isbn=9780226811154|language=en}}</ref>

The Brooklyn Bridge has also been lauded for its architecture. One of the first positive reviews was "The Bridge As A Monument", a ''[[Harper's Weekly]]'' piece written by architecture critic [[Montgomery Schuyler]] and published a week after the bridge's opening. In the piece, Schuyler wrote: "It so happens that the work which is likely to be our most durable monument, and to convey some knowledge of us to the most remote posterity, is a work of bare utility; not a shrine, not a fortress, not a palace, but a bridge."<ref>{{cite book|url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015020054360&view=1up&seq=315|title=The Bridge As A Monument|publisher=Harper's Magazine Company|year=1883|page=326|via=HathiTrust|last1=Hapgood|first1=Norman|last2=Harvey|first2=George Brinton Mcclellan|last3=Bangs|first3=John Kendrick|last4=Nelson|first4=Henry Loomis|last5=Schurz|first5=Carl|last6=Davis|first6=Richard Harding|last7=Foord|first7=John|last8=Schuyler|first8=Montgomery|last9=Conant|first9=Samuel Stillman|last10=Alden|first10=Henry Mills|last11=Curtis|first11=George William|last12=Bonner|first12=John}}</ref> Architecture critic [[Lewis Mumford]] cited the piece as the impetus for serious architectural criticism in the U.S.<ref name="McCullough pp. 548-549" /> He wrote that in the 1920s the bridge was a source of "joy and inspiration" in his childhood,<ref name="McCullough p. 550">{{harvnb|ps=.|McCullough|1972|p=550}}</ref> and that it was a profound influence in his adolescence.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Wojtowicz|first=Robert|year=1990|title=Lewis Mumford: The Architectural Critic as Historian|magazine=Studies in the History of Art|volume=35|pages=237–249|issn=0091-7338|jstor=42620520}}</ref> Later critics would regard the Brooklyn Bridge as a work of art, as opposed to an engineering feat or a means of transport.<ref name="McCullough p. 550" /> Not all critics appreciated the bridge, however. [[Henry James]], writing in the early 20th century, cited the bridge as an ominous symbol of the city's transformation into a "steel-souled machine room".<ref name="McCullough p. 550" /><ref>{{harvnb|ps=.|Haw|2005|page=60}}</ref>

The construction of the Brooklyn Bridge is detailed in numerous media sources, including [[David McCullough]]'s 1972 book ''[[The Great Bridge (book)|The Great Bridge]]''<ref>For bibliographical information about the book, see {{harvnb|ps=.|McCullough|1972}}</ref> and [[Ken Burns]]'s 1981 documentary ''[[Brooklyn Bridge (film)|Brooklyn Bridge]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.pbs.org/kenburns/brooklynbridge/about/ |title=Why I Decided to Make ''Brooklyn Bridge'' |first=Ken |last=Burns |publisher=[[Public Broadcasting Service]] |access-date=February 20, 2010}}</ref> It is also described in ''[[Seven Wonders of the Industrial World]]'', a [[BBC]] docudrama series with an accompanying book,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p00x9pjq|title=Seven Wonders of the Industrial World, The Brooklyn Bridge|date=September 11, 2003|publisher=BBC|access-date=December 28, 2019}}</ref> as well as ''Chief Engineer: Washington Roebling, The Man Who Built the Brooklyn Bridge'', a biography published in 2017.<ref>For bibliographical information about the book, see {{harvnb|ps=.|Wagner|2017}} For some reviews of this book, see:
* {{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/08/books/review/erica-wagner-chief-engineer-washington-roebling-biography.html|title=The Personal and Political Struggles of the Man Who Built the Brooklyn Bridge|last=Alexiou|first=Joseph|date=August 8, 2017|work=The New York Times|access-date=December 28, 2019|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}
* {{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/jun/18/chief-engineer-the-man-who-built-the-brooklyn-bridge-erica-wagner-review|title=Chief Engineer: The Man Who Built the Brooklyn Bridge review – in praise of New York's master builder|last=Glover|first=Julian|date=June 18, 2017|work=[[The Observer]]|access-date=December 28, 2019|language=en-GB|issn=0029-7712}}</ref>

{{Wide image|Brooklyn Bridge und Lower Manhattan.jpg|1000px|The Brooklyn Bridge with [[Manhattan]] in the background, seen at daytime from Brooklyn in 2017|alt=The Brooklyn Bridge with Manhattan in the background, seen at daytime from Brooklyn in 2017}}
{{Wide image|Pont de Brooklyn de nuit - Octobre 2008 edit.jpg|1000px|The same view at night in 2008|alt=The Brooklyn Bridge with Manhattan in the background, seen at night in 2008}}
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