Editing Bipolar disorder (section)

== Society and culture ==
{{See also|List of people with bipolar disorder|Category:Books about bipolar disorder|Category:Films about bipolar disorder}}
[[File:Rosemary Clooney Allan Warren.jpg|alt=|thumb|Singer [[Rosemary Clooney]]'s public revelation of bipolar disorder made her an early celebrity spokesperson for mental illness.<ref>{{cite web|title=More Than a Girl Singer|url=https://www.cancertodaymag.org/Pages/Fall2014/Singer-Rosemary-Clooney-Lung-Cancer-Treatment-Advancements.aspx|website=cancertodaymag.org|access-date=18 May 2018}}</ref>]]

===Cost===
The United States spent approximately $202.1 billion on people diagnosed with bipolar I disorder (excluding other subtypes of bipolar disorder and undiagnosed people) in 2015.<ref name="Cloutier2018">{{cite journal | vauthors = Cloutier M, Greene M, Guerin A, Touya M, Wu E | title = The economic burden of bipolar I disorder in the United States in 2015 | journal = Journal of Affective Disorders | volume = 226 | pages = 45–51 | date = January 2018 | pmid = 28961441 | doi = 10.1016/j.jad.2017.09.011 | doi-access = free | type = Review }}</ref> One analysis estimated that the United Kingdom spent approximately £5.2 billion on the disorder in 2007.<ref name="Abdul2014">{{cite journal | vauthors = Abdul Pari AA, Simon J, Wolstenholme J, Geddes JR, Goodwin GM | title = Economic evaluations in bipolar disorder: a systematic review and critical appraisal | journal = Bipolar Disorders | volume = 16 | issue = 6 | pages = 557–582 | date = September 2014 | pmid = 24917477 | doi = 10.1111/bdi.12213 | type = Review | s2cid = 5450333 }}</ref><ref name="McCrone2008">{{cite web | vauthors = McCrone P, Dhanasiri S, Patel A, Knapp M, Lawton-Smith S |title=PAYING THE PRICE The cost of mental health care in England to 2026 |url= https://www.kingsfund.org.uk/sites/default/files/Paying-the-Price-the-cost-of-mental-health-care-England-2026-McCrone-Dhanasiri-Patel-Knapp-Lawton-Smith-Kings-Fund-May-2008_0.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.kingsfund.org.uk/sites/default/files/Paying-the-Price-the-cost-of-mental-health-care-England-2026-McCrone-Dhanasiri-Patel-Knapp-Lawton-Smith-Kings-Fund-May-2008_0.pdf |archive-date=October 9, 2022 |url-status=live |website=kingsfund.org |publisher=The King's Fund}}</ref> In addition to the economic costs, bipolar disorder is a leading cause of disability and lost productivity worldwide.<ref name="Ferrari2016"/> People with bipolar disorder are generally more disabled, have a lower level of functioning, longer duration of illness, and increased rates of work absenteeism and decreased productivity when compared to people experiencing other mental health disorders.<ref name="Kleine2014">{{cite journal | vauthors = Kleine-Budde K, Touil E, Moock J, Bramesfeld A, Kawohl W, Rössler W | title = Cost of illness for bipolar disorder: a systematic review of the economic burden | journal = Bipolar Disorders | volume = 16 | issue = 4 | pages = 337–353 | date = June 2014 | pmid = 24372893 | doi = 10.1111/bdi.12165 | type = Review | s2cid = 25742003 }}</ref> The decrease in the productivity seen in those who care for people with bipolar disorder also significantly contributes to these costs.<ref name="Miller2014">{{cite journal | vauthors = Miller S, Dell'Osso B, Ketter TA | title = The prevalence and burden of bipolar depression | journal = Journal of Affective Disorders | volume = 169 | issue = Supplement 1 | pages = S3-11 | date = December 2014 | pmid = 25533912 | doi = 10.1016/S0165-0327(14)70003-5 | type = Review | doi-access = free | hdl = 2434/265329 | hdl-access = free }}</ref>

===Advocacy===
There are widespread issues with [[social stigma]], stereotypes, and prejudice against individuals with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder.<ref name=Elgie2007>{{cite journal | author = Elgie R. Morselli PL | title = Social functioning in bipolar patients: the perception and perspective of patients, relatives and advocacy organizations – a review | journal = Bipolar Disorders | volume = 9 | issue = 1–2 | pages = 144–157 | date = Feb–Mar 2007 | pmid = 17391357 | doi = 10.1111/j.1399-5618.2007.00339.x | doi-access = free }}</ref> In 2000, actress [[Carrie Fisher]] went public with her bipolar disorder diagnosis.<ref>{{cite web | vauthors = Stephens S |date=January 1, 2015 |title=Our Leading Lady, Carrie Fisher |url=https://www.bphope.com/our-leading-lady-carrie-fisher/ |access-date=September 27, 2023 |website=bpHope.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | vauthors = Howard J |date=December 27, 2016 |title=Carrie Fisher was a champion for mental health, too |url=https://www.cnn.com/2016/12/27/health/mental-health-carrie-fisher/index.html |access-date=September 27, 2023 |publisher=CNN}}</ref> She became one of the most well-recognized advocates for people with bipolar disorder in the public eye and fiercely advocated to eliminate the stigma surrounding mental illnesses, including bipolar disorder. [[Stephen Fried]], who has written extensively on the topic, noted that Fisher helped to draw attention to the disorder's chronicity, relapsing nature, and that bipolar disorder relapses do not indicate a lack of discipline or moral shortcomings.<ref name="WilerUSAToday">{{cite web |title=Carrie Fisher was a mental health hero. Her advocacy was as important as her acting. |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/opinion/2019/07/26/carrie-fisher-champion-mental-health-awareness-column/1820161001/ |work=USA Today |vauthors=Wiler S}}</ref> Since being diagnosed at age 37, actor [[Stephen Fry]] has pushed to raise awareness of the condition, with his 2006 documentary ''[[Stephen Fry: The Secret Life of the Manic Depressive]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/health/tv_and_radio/secretlife_index.shtml |title=The Secret Life of the Manic Depressive |publisher=BBC |year=2006 |access-date=February 20, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061118045848/http://www.bbc.co.uk/health/tv_and_radio/secretlife_index.shtml |archive-date=November 18, 2006 |url-status=live  }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | vauthors = Barr S |title=Stephen Fry discusses mental health and battle with bipolar disorder: 'I'm not going to kid myself that it's cured' |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/health-and-families/stephen-fry-mental-health-bipolar-disorder-fearne-cotton-podcast-happy-place-a8274051.html |access-date=March 10, 2020 |work=The Independent |date=March 26, 2018}}</ref> In an effort to ease the social stigma associated with bipolar disorder, the orchestra conductor [[Ronald Braunstein]] cofounded the ME/2 Orchestra with his wife Caroline Whiddon in 2011. Braunstein was diagnosed with bipolar disorder in 1985 and his concerts with the ME/2 Orchestra were conceived in order to create a welcoming performance environment for his musical colleagues, while also raising public awareness about mental illness.<ref>{{cite news | vauthors = Gram D | date=December 27, 2013 | title=For this orchestra, playing music is therapeutic | work=The Boston Globe | url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/arts/theater-art/2013/12/27/mentally-ill-and-their-supporters-fill-vermont-orchestra/WIeh9mIp9GzPampyIXwtLM/story.html | access-date=March 7, 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190414112300/https://www.bostonglobe.com/arts/theater-art/2013/12/27/mentally-ill-and-their-supporters-fill-vermont-orchestra/WIeh9mIp9GzPampyIXwtLM/story.html | archive-date=April 14, 2019 | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | vauthors = Strasser F, Botti D | date= January 7, 2013|title=Conductor with bipolar disorder on music and mental illness | work= BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-20732070}}</ref>

===Notable cases===
Numerous authors have written about bipolar disorder and many successful people have openly discussed their experience with it. [[Kay Redfield Jamison]], a clinical psychologist and professor of psychiatry at the [[Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine]], profiled her own bipolar disorder in her memoir ''[[An Unquiet Mind]]'' (1995).{{sfn|Jamison|1995}} It is likely that [[Grigory Potemkin]], Russian statesman and alleged husband of [[Catherine the Great]], suffered from some kind of bipolar disorder.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9crS6557gVgC&q=manic&pg=PA169|title = Potemkin: Catherine the Great's Imperial Partner|isbn = 978-1-4000-7717-5| vauthors = Montefiore SS |year = 2005| publisher=Vintage Books }}</ref> Several celebrities have also publicly shared that they have bipolar disorder; in addition to [[Carrie Fisher]] and [[Stephen Fry]] these include [[Catherine Zeta-Jones]], [[Mariah Carey]], [[Kanye West]],<ref>{{cite web|author1=Michele R. Berman |author2=Mark S. Boguski |title=Understanding Kanye West's Bipolar Disorder |date=July 15, 2020 |url=https://www.medpagetoday.com/popmedicine/celebritydiagnosis/87581 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210607232802/https://www.medpagetoday.com/popmedicine/celebritydiagnosis/87581 |archive-date=June 7, 2021 |access-date=August 1, 2021}}</ref> [[Jane Pauley]], [[Demi Lovato]],<ref name="WilerUSAToday"/> [[Selena Gomez]],<ref name="Naftulin 2020">{{cite web | vauthors = Naftulin J | title=Selena Gomez opened up about the challenges of being in lockdown after her bipolar diagnosis | website=Insider | date=August 7, 2020 | url=https://www.insider.com/selena-gomez-bipolar-disorder-diagnosis-pandemic-mental-health-2020-8 | access-date=December 6, 2020}}</ref> and [[Russell Brand]].<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.harpersbazaar.com/uk/beauty/mind-body/a33519731/bipolar-disorder-why-we-need-to-keep-talking/ |title=Bipolar disorder: why we need to keep talking about it after the headlines fade | vauthors = Newall S |date=August 5, 2020 |magazine=Harper's Bazaar |access-date=January 14, 2022}}</ref>

===Media portrayals===
Several dramatic works have portrayed characters with traits suggestive of the diagnosis which have been the subject of discussion by psychiatrists and film experts alike.

In ''[[Mr. Jones (1993 film)|Mr. Jones]]'' (1993), ([[Richard Gere]]) swings from a manic episode into a depressive phase and back again, spending time in a psychiatric hospital and displaying many of the features of the syndrome.{{sfn|Robinson|2003|pp=78–81}} In ''[[The Mosquito Coast (film)|The Mosquito Coast]]'' (1986), Allie Fox ([[Harrison Ford]]) displays some features including recklessness, grandiosity, increased goal-directed activity and mood lability, as well as some [[paranoia]].{{sfn|Robinson|2003|pp=84–85}} Psychiatrists have suggested that [[Willy Loman]], the main character in [[Arthur Miller]]'s classic play ''[[Death of a Salesman]]'', has bipolar disorder.<ref>{{cite news| vauthors = McKinley J |title=Get That Man Some Prozac; If the Dramatic Tension Is All in His Head|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1999/02/28/weekinreview/ideas-trends-get-that-man-some-prozac-if-the-dramatic-tension-is-all-in-his-head.html|access-date=March 3, 2012|newspaper=The New York Times|date=February 28, 1999|url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120101024850/http://www.nytimes.com/1999/02/28/weekinreview/ideas-trends-get-that-man-some-prozac-if-the-dramatic-tension-is-all-in-his-head.html |archive-date=January 1, 2012}}</ref>

The 2009 drama ''[[90210 (TV series)|90210]]'' featured a character, Silver, who was diagnosed with bipolar disorder.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bpkids.org/90210 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120803024403/http://www.bpkids.org/90210 |url-status=dead |archive-date=August 3, 2012 |title=Child and Adolescent Bipolar Foundation special 90210 website |publisher=CABF |year=2009 |access-date=April 7, 2009 }}</ref> [[Stacey Slater]], a character from the BBC soap ''[[EastEnders]]'', has been diagnosed with the disorder. The storyline was developed as part of the BBC's Headroom campaign.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2009/05_may/14/stacey.shtml|title=EastEnders' Stacey faces bipolar disorder|publisher=BBC Press Office|date=May 14, 2009|access-date=May 28, 2009|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090518033958/http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2009/05_may/14/stacey.shtml|archive-date=May 18, 2009}}</ref> The [[Channel 4]] soap ''[[Brookside (television program)|Brookside]]'' had earlier featured a story about bipolar disorder when the character [[Jimmy Corkhill]] was diagnosed with the condition.<ref name="Echo14May2003">{{cite news|url= http://www.thefreelibrary.com/The+Brookie+boys+who+shone+at+soap+awards+show%3B+TONIGHT+the+nation...-a0101743730|title= The Brookie boys who shone at soap awards show|work= [[Liverpool Echo]]| vauthors = Tinniswood R |date= May 14, 2003|access-date=April 26, 2014}}</ref> 2011 [[Showtime (TV network)|Showtime]]'s [[political thriller]] drama ''[[Homeland (TV series)|Homeland]]'' protagonist [[Carrie Mathison]] has bipolar disorder, which she has kept secret since her school days.<ref name="pilot">{{cite episode|title=Pilot|episode-link=Homeland (season 1)#ep1|series=Homeland|series-link=Homeland|network=Showtime|airdate=October 2, 2011|season=1|number=1}}</ref> The 2014 [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]] medical drama, ''[[Black Box (TV series)|Black Box]]'', featured a world-renowned neuroscientist with bipolar disorder.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://abc.go.com/shows/black-box/cast/catherine-black|title=Catherine Black by Kelly Reilly |publisher=American Broadcasting Company|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140523174651/http://abc.go.com/shows/black-box/cast/catherine-black |archive-date=May 23, 2014|access-date=May 22, 2014}}</ref>
In the TV series ''[[Dave (TV series)|Dave]]'', the eponymous main character, played by [[Lil Dicky]] as a fictionalized version of himself, is an aspiring rapper. Lil Dicky's real-life hype man [[GaTa]] also plays himself. In one episode, after being off his medication and having an episode, GaTa tearfully confesses to having bipolar disorder. GaTa has bipolar disorder in real life but, like his character in the show, he is able to manage it with medication.<ref>{{cite web |title=How a white rapper's sidekick became a breakout sitcom star — and TV's unlikeliest role model |url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/music/story/2020-04-15/gata-dave-lil-dicky |website=Los Angeles Times|date=April 15, 2020 }}</ref>

Since 2024, [[Nicola Coughlan]], has co-stared alongside [[Lydia West]], in the British [[Channel 4]] dark comedy-drama ''[[Big Mood]]. ''Coughlan portrays the leading role of Maggie a sufferer with the condition. In a series about two best friends navigating friendship amidst a mental health crisis.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sarrubba |first=Stefania |date=16 October 2023 |title=Bridgerton's Nicola Coughlan stars in first-look at new TV drama |url=https://www.digitalspy.com/tv/a45545891/bridgerton-nicola-coughlan-big-mood-first-look/ |access-date=12 May 2025 |website=[[Digital Spy]] |language=en-GB |archive-date=11 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231111140632/https://www.digitalspy.com/tv/a45545891/bridgerton-nicola-coughlan-big-mood-first-look/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Creativity===
{{Main|Creativity and mental illness#Bipolar disorder}}
A link between mental illness and professional success or creativity has been suggested, including in accounts by [[Socrates]], [[Seneca the Younger]], and [[Cesare Lombroso]]. Despite prominence in popular culture, the link between creativity and bipolar has not been rigorously studied. This area of study also is likely affected by [[confirmation bias]]. Some evidence suggests that some heritable component of bipolar disorder overlaps with heritable components of creativity. [[Proband]]s of people with bipolar disorder are more likely to be professionally successful, as well as to demonstrate temperamental traits similar to bipolar disorder. Furthermore, while studies of the frequency of bipolar disorder in creative population samples have been conflicting, full-blown bipolar disorder in creative samples is rare.<ref>{{cite book | vauthors = Akiskal H, Akiskal K | veditors = Lakshmi Y |title=Bipolar Disorder: Clinical and Neurobiological Foundations |pages=83–89 |publisher=Wiley |chapter=The Genius-Insanity Debate: Focus on Bipolarity, Temperament, Creativity and Leadership|doi=10.1002/9780470661277.ch9 |isbn = 978-0-470-66127-7|year=2010 }}</ref>