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==References== ===Citations=== {{reflist}} ===Bibliography=== {{Refbegin|30em}} * {{cite book |last=Belusevic |first=Radoje |year=2008 |title=Relativity, Astrophysics and Cosmology |volume=1 |location=Weinheim |publisher=[[Wiley-VCH]] |isbn=978-3-527-40764-4 |oclc=876678499}} * {{cite book |editor1-last=Block |editor1-first=David L. |editor2-last=Puerari |editor2-first=Ivânio |editor3-last=Stockton |editor3-first=Alan |editor4-last=Ferreira |editor4-first=DeWet |display-editors=1 |year=2000 |title=Toward a New Millennium in Galaxy Morphology: Proceedings of an International Conference 'Toward a New Millennium in Galaxy Morphology: from z=0 to the Lyman Break, held at the Eskom Conference Centre, Midrand, South Africa, September 13–18, 1999 |location=Dordrecht |publisher=[[Springer Science+Business Media|Kluwer Academic Publishers]] |doi=10.1007/978-94-011-4114-7 |isbn=978-94-010-5801-8 |lccn=00042415 |oclc=851369444}} "Reprinted from ''[[Astrophysics and Space Science]]'' Volumes 269–270, Nos. 1–4, 1999". * {{cite book |last=Carroll |first=Sean M. |author-link=Sean M. Carroll |date=n.d. |chapter=Why Is There Something, Rather Than Nothing? |title=Routledge Companion to the Philosophy of Physics |editor1-last=Knox |editor1-first=Eleanor |editor2-last=Wilson |editor2-first=Alastair |location=London |publisher=[[Routledge]] |arxiv=1802.02231v2 |bibcode=2018arXiv180202231C}} * {{cite book |last=Chow |first=Tai L. |year=2008 |title=Gravity, Black Holes, and the Very Early Universe: An Introduction to General Relativity and Cosmology |location=New York |publisher=[[Springer Science+Business Media|Springer]] |isbn=978-0-387-73629-7 |lccn=2007936678 |oclc=798281050}} * {{cite book |last=Christianson |first=Gale E. |year=1995 |title=Edwin Hubble: Mariner of the Nebulae |url=https://archive.org/details/edwinhubblemarin00chri |url-access=registration |location=New York |publisher=[[Farrar, Straus and Giroux]] |isbn=978-0-374-14660-3 |lccn=94045995 |oclc=461940674}} * {{cite book |last=Croswell |first=Ken |author-link=Ken Croswell |year=1995 |title=Alchemy of the Heavens: Searching for Meaning in the Milky Way |others=Illustrations by Philippe Van |url=https://archive.org/details/alchemyofheavens00cros/page/ |url-access=registration |edition=1st Anchor Books |location=New York |publisher=[[Anchor Books]] |isbn=978-0-385-47213-5 |lccn=94030452 |oclc=1100389944}} * {{cite book |last=Drees |first=William B. |author-link=Willem B. Drees |year=1990 |title=Beyond the Big Bang: Quantum Cosmologies and God |location=La Salle, IL |publisher=[[Open Court Publishing Company]] |isbn=978-0-8126-9118-4 |lccn=90038498 |oclc=1088758264}} * {{cite book |last=Frame |first=Tom |author-link=Tom Frame (bishop) |year=2009 |title=Losing My Religion: Unbelief in Australia |location=Sydney |publisher=UNSW Press |isbn=978-1-921410-19-2 |oclc=782015652}} * {{cite book |editor1-last=Gibbons |editor1-first=Gary W. |editor1-link=Gary Gibbons |editor2-last=Shellard |editor2-first=E.P.S. |editor3-last=Rankin |editor3-first=Stuart John |year=2003 |title=The Future of Theoretical Physics and Cosmology: Celebrating Stephen Hawking's 60th Birthday |location=Cambridge, UK; New York |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=978-0-521-82081-3 |lccn=2002041704 |oclc=1088190774}} * {{cite book |last=Guth |first=Alan H. |author-link=Alan Guth |year=1998 |orig-date=Originally published 1997 |title=The Inflationary Universe: Quest for a New Theory of Cosmic Origins |title-link=The Inflationary Universe |others=Foreword by [[Alan Lightman]] |location=London |publisher=[[Vintage Books]] |isbn=978-0-09-995950-2 |lccn=96046117 |oclc=919672203}} * {{cite book |last=Harris |first=James F. |year=2002 |title=Analytic Philosophy of Religion |series=Handbook of Contemporary Philosophy of Religion |volume=3 |location=Dordrecht |publisher=[[Kluwer Academic Publishers]] |isbn=978-1-4020-0530-5 |lccn=2002071095 |oclc=237734029}} * {{cite book |editor-last=Harrison |editor-first=Peter |editor-link=Peter Harrison (historian) |year=2010 |title=The Cambridge Companion to Science and Religion |series=Cambridge Companions to Religion |location=Cambridge, UK; New York |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=978-0-521-71251-4 |lccn=2010016793 |oclc=972341489}} * {{cite book |last1=Hawking |first1=Stephen W. |author1-link=Stephen Hawking |last2=Ellis |first2=George F. R. |author2-link=George F. R. Ellis |year=1973 |title=The Large-Scale Structure of Space-Time |url=https://archive.org/details/TheLargeScaleStructureOfSpaceTime |location=Cambridge, UK |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=978-0-521-20016-5 |lccn=72093671 |oclc=1120809270}} * {{cite book |last=Hawking |first=Stephen W. |author-link=Stephen Hawking |year=1988 |title=A Brief History of Time: From the Big Bang to Black Holes |title-link=A Brief History of Time |location=New York |others=Introduction by [[Carl Sagan]]; illustrations by Ron Miller |publisher=[[Bantam Dell Publishing Group]] |isbn=978-0-553-10953-5 |lccn=87033333 |oclc=39256652}} * {{cite book |editor1-last=Hawking |editor1-first=Stephen W. |editor1-link=Stephen Hawking |editor2-last=Israel |editor2-first=Werner |editor2-link=Werner Israel |year=2010 |orig-date=Originally published 1979 |title=General Relativity: An Einstein Centenary Survey |location=Cambridge, UK |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=978-0-521-13798-0 |lccn=78062112 |oclc=759923541}} * {{cite book |editor1-last=Kolb |editor1-first=Edward |editor1-link=Edward Kolb |editor2-last=Turner |editor2-first=Michael |editor2-link=Michael Turner (cosmologist) |year=1988 |title=The Early Universe |series=Frontiers in Physics |volume=70 |location=Redwood City, CA |publisher=[[Addison-Wesley]] |isbn=978-0-201-11604-5 |lccn=87037440 |oclc=488800074}} * {{cite book |last=Kragh |first=Helge |author-link=Helge Kragh |year=1996 |title=Cosmology and Controversy: The Historical Development of Two Theories of the Universe |url=https://archive.org/details/cosmologycontrov00helg |url-access=registration |location=Princeton, NJ |publisher=[[Princeton University Press]] |isbn=978-0-691-02623-7 |lccn=96005612 |oclc=906709898}} * {{cite book |last=Krauss |first=Lawrence M. |author-link=Lawrence M. Krauss |year=2012 |title=A Universe From Nothing: Why there is Something Rather than Nothing |url=https://archive.org/details/universefromnoth0000krau |url-access=registration |others=Afterword by [[Richard Dawkins]] |edition=1st Free Press hardcover |location=New York |publisher=[[Free Press (publisher)|Free Press]] |isbn=978-1-4516-2445-8 |lccn=2011032519 |oclc=709673181}} * {{cite book |last=Livio |first=Mario |author-link=Mario Livio |year=2000 |title=The Accelerating Universe: Infinite Expansion, the Cosmological Constant, and the Beauty of the Cosmos |url=https://archive.org/details/Mario_Livio-The_Accelerating_Universe-AUDiOBOOK-WEB-2018-PROLOG |type=Audio book performance by Tom Parks, [[Brilliance Audio]] |others=Foreword by [[Allan Sandage]] |location=New York |publisher=[[Wiley (publisher)|John Wiley & Sons]] |isbn=978-0-471-32969-5 |lccn=99022278 |oclc=226086793}} * {{cite book |last=Manly |first=Steven L. |year=2011 |title=Visions of the Multiverse |editor-last=Brandon |editor-first=Jodi |location=[[Pequannock Township, New Jersey|Pompton Plains, NJ]] |publisher=[[Red Wheel/Weiser/Conari|New Page Books]] |isbn=978-1-60163-720-8 |lccn=2010052741 |oclc=609531953}} * {{cite book |last=Milne |first=Edward Arthur |author-link=Edward Arthur Milne |year=1935 |title=Relativity, Gravitation and World-Structure |url=https://archive.org/details/RelativityGravitationAndWorldStructure |series=The International Series of Monographs on Physics |location=Oxford, UK; London |publisher=[[Clarendon Press]]; [[Oxford University Press]] |lccn=35019093 |oclc=1319934}} * {{cite book |last=Mitton |first=Simon |year=2011 |title=Fred Hoyle: A Life in Science |location=Cambridge, UK; New York |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=978-0-521-18947-7 |lccn=2011293530 |oclc=774201415}} * {{cite journal |last=Olive | first = K.A. |collaboration=[[Particle Data Group]] |year=2014 |title=Review of Particle Physics |url=http://pdg.lbl.gov/2015/download/rpp2014-Chin.Phys.C.38.090001.pdf |url-status=live |journal=[[Chinese Physics C]] |volume=38 |issue=9 |pages=1–708 |doi=10.1088/1674-1137/38/9/090001 |pmid=10020536 |arxiv=1412.1408 |bibcode=2014ChPhC..38i0001O |s2cid=118395784 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170130212215/http://pdg.lbl.gov/2015/download/rpp2014-Chin.Phys.C.38.090001.pdf |archive-date=30 January 2017 |access-date=13 December 2019}} * {{cite book |last=Partridge |first=R. Bruce |year=1995 |title=3K: The Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation |edition=Illustrated |series=Cambridge Astrophysics Series |volume=25 |location=Cambridge, UK |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=978-0-521-35808-8 |lccn=94014980 |oclc=1123849709}} * {{cite book |last=Peacock |first=John A. |author-link=John A. Peacock |year=1999 |title=Cosmological Physics |url=https://archive.org/details/cosmologicalphys0000peac |url-access=registration |series=Cambridge Astrophysics Series |location=Cambridge, UK; New York |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=978-0-521-42270-3 |lccn=98029460 |oclc=60157380}} * {{cite book |last=Penrose |first=Roger |author-link=Roger Penrose |year=1989 |chapter=Difficulties with Inflationary Cosmology |editor-last=Fenyves |editor-first=Ervin J. |title=Fourteenth Texas Symposium on Relativistic Astrophysics |title-link=Ivor Robinson (physicist)#Symposium series |series=[[Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences]] |location=New York |publisher=[[New York Academy of Sciences]] |volume=571 |pages=249–264 |bibcode=1989NYASA.571..249P |doi=10.1111/j.1749-6632.1989.tb50513.x |isbn=978-0-89766-526-1 |s2cid=122383812 |lccn=89014030 |oclc=318253659 |issn=0077-8923}} "Symposium held in Dallas, Tex., Dec. 11-16, 1988." * {{cite book |last=Penrose |first=Roger |author-link=Roger Penrose |year=2007 |orig-date=Originally published: London: [[Jonathan Cape]], 2004 |title=The Road to Reality |title-link=The Road to Reality |edition=1st Vintage Books |location=New York |publisher=[[Vintage Books]] |isbn=978-0-679-77631-4 |lccn=2008274126 |oclc=920157277}} The 2004 edition of the book is available from the [https://archive.org/details/RoadToRealityRobertPenrose Internet Archive]. Retrieved 20 December 2019. * {{cite book |last=Roos |first=Matts |year=2012 |orig-date=Chapter originally published 2008 |chapter=Expansion of the Universe – Standard Big Bang Model |editor1-last=Engvold |editor1-first=Oddbjørn |editor1-link=Oddbjørn Engvold |editor2-last=Stabell |editor2-first=Rolf |editor3-last=Czerny |editor3-first=Bozena |editor4-last=Lattanzio |editor4-first=John |title=Astronomy and Astrophysics |chapter-url=http://www.eolss.net/ebooklib/bookinfo/astronomy-astrophysics.aspx |series=[[Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems]] |volume=II |location=Ramsey, Isle of Man |publisher=[[UNESCO]] in partnership with Eolss Publishers Co. Ltd. |isbn=978-1-84826-823-4 |arxiv=0802.2005 |bibcode=2008arXiv0802.2005R |oclc=691095693}} * {{cite book |last=Ryden |first=Barbara Sue |year=2003 |title=Introduction to Cosmology |location=San Francisco |publisher=[[Addison-Wesley]] |isbn=978-0-8053-8912-8 |lccn=2002013176 |oclc=1087978842}} * {{cite book |last=Silk |first=Joseph |author-link=Joseph Silk |year=2009 |title=Horizons of Cosmology: Exploring Worlds Seen and Unseen |series=Templeton Science and Religion Series |location=Conshohocken, PA |publisher=[[Templeton Press]] |isbn=978-1-59947-341-3 |lccn=2009010014 |oclc=818734366}} * {{cite book |last=Singh |first=Simon |author-link=Simon Singh |year=2004 |title=Big Bang: The Origin of the Universe |url=https://archive.org/details/bigbang00simo_0 |url-access=registration |edition=1st U.S. |location=New York |publisher=[[HarperCollins#Imprints|Fourth Estate]] |isbn=978-0-00-716220-8 |lccn=2004056306 |oclc=475508230 |bibcode=2004biba.book.....S}} * {{cite journal |author=Tanabashi, M. |collaboration=[[Particle Data Group]] |year=2018 |title=Review of Particle Physics |journal=[[Physical Review D]] |volume=98 |issue=3 |pages=1–708 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevD.98.030001 |pmid=10020536 |bibcode=2018PhRvD..98c0001T|doi-access=free |hdl=10044/1/68623 |hdl-access=free }} * {{cite book |last=Tolman |first=Richard C. |author-link=Richard C. Tolman |year=1934 |title=Relativity, Thermodynamics and Cosmology |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.177229/page/n1 |series=The International Series of Monographs on Physics |location=Oxford, UK; London |publisher=[[Clarendon Press]]; [[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-486-65383-9 |lccn=34032023 |oclc=919976}} * {{cite book |last=Wright |first=Edward L. |author-link=Edward L. Wright |year=2004 |chapter=Theoretical Overview of Cosmic Microwave Background Anisotropy |editor-last=Freedman |editor-first=Wendy L. |editor-link=Wendy Freedman |title=Measuring and Modeling the Universe |series=Carnegie Observatories Astrophysics Series |volume=2 |pages=291 |location=Cambridge, UK |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |arxiv=astro-ph/0305591 |bibcode=2004mmu..symp..291W |isbn=978-0-521-75576-4 |lccn=2005277053 |oclc=937330165}} * {{cite journal |author=Yao, W.-M. |collaboration=[[Particle Data Group]] |year=2006 |title=Review of Particle Physics |url=http://pdg.lbl.gov/2006/download/rpp-2006-book.pdf |url-status=live |journal=[[Journal of Physics G|Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics]] |volume=33 |issue=1 |pages=1–1232 |bibcode=2006JPhG...33....1Y |doi=10.1088/0954-3899/33/1/001 |arxiv=astro-ph/0601168 |s2cid=117958297 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170212055045/http://pdg.lbl.gov/2006/download/rpp-2006-book.pdf |archive-date=12 February 2017 |access-date=16 December 2019}} {{Refend}} ===Further reading=== {{for|an annotated list of textbooks and monographs|Physical cosmology#Textbooks}} * {{cite journal |last1=Alpher |first1=Ralph A. |author-link=Ralph Asher Alpher |last2=Herman |first2=Robert |author-link2=Robert Herman |date=August 1988 |title=Reflections on Early Work on 'Big Bang' Cosmology |journal=[[Physics Today]] |volume=41 |issue=8 |pages=24–34 |bibcode=1988PhT....41h..24A |doi=10.1063/1.881126}} * {{cite book |last=Barrow |first=John D. |author-link=John D. Barrow |year=1994 |title=The Origin of the Universe |series=Science Masters |url=https://archive.org/details/originofuniverse00barr |url-access=registration |location=London |publisher=[[Weidenfeld & Nicolson]] |isbn=978-0-297-81497-9 |lccn=94006343 |oclc=490957073}} * {{cite book |last=Block |first=David L. |year=2012 |chapter=Georges Lemaître and Stigler's Law of Eponymy |editor1-last=Holder |editor1-first=Rodney D. |editor2-last=Mitton |editor2-first=Simon |editor2-link=Simon Mitton |title=A Hubble Eclipse: Lemaitre and Censorship |series=Astrophysics and Space Science Library |volume=395 |pages=89–96 |location=Heidelberg; New York |publisher=[[Springer Science+Business Media|Springer]] |bibcode=2012ASSL..395...89B |doi=10.1007/978-3-642-32254-9_8 |arxiv=1106.3928v2 |isbn=978-3-642-32253-2 |s2cid=119205665 |lccn=2012956159 |oclc=839779611}} * {{cite book |last=Davies |first=Paul |author-link=Paul Davies |year=1992 |title=The Mind of God: The Scientific Basis for a Rational World |title-link=The Mind of God |location=New York |publisher=[[Simon & Schuster]] |isbn=978-0-671-71069-9 |lccn=91028606 |oclc=59940452}} * {{cite book |last=Farrell |first=John |year=2005 |title=The Day Without Yesterday: Lemaître, Einstein, and the Birth of Modern Cosmology |location=New York |publisher=[[Thunder's Mouth Press]] |isbn=978-1-56025-660-1 |lccn=2006272995 |oclc=61672162}} * {{cite book |last=d'Inverno |first=Ray |year=1992 |title=Introducing Einstein's Relativity |url=https://archive.org/details/introducingeinst0000dinv |url-access=registration |location=Oxford, UK; New York |publisher=[[Clarendon Press]]; [[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-859686-8 |lccn=91024894 |oclc=554124256}} * {{cite magazine |last1=Lineweaver |first1=Charles H. |last2=Davis |first2=Tamara M. |author2-link=Tamara Davis |date=March 2005 |title=Misconceptions about the Big Bang |url=https://www.mso.anu.edu.au/~charley/papers/LineweaverDavisSciAm.pdf |url-status=live |magazine=[[Scientific American]] |volume=292 |issue=3 |pages=36–45 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191009072713/https://www.mso.anu.edu.au/~charley/papers/LineweaverDavisSciAm.pdf |archive-date=9 October 2019 |access-date=23 December 2019}} * {{cite book |editor-last=Martínez-Delgado |editor-first=David |year=2013 |title=Local Group Cosmology |location=Cambridge, UK |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=978-1-107-02380-2 |lccn=2013012345 |oclc=875920635}} "Lectures presented at the XX Canary Islands Winter School of Astrophysics, held in Tenerife, Spain, November 17–18, 2008." * {{cite book |last1=Mather |first1=John C. |author1-link=John C. Mather |last2=Boslough |first2=John |year=1996 |title=The Very First Light: The True Inside Story of the Scientific Journey Back to the Dawn of the Universe |url=https://archive.org/details/veryfirstlight00john |url-access=registration |edition=1st |location=New York |publisher=[[Basic Books]] |isbn=978-0-465-01575-7 |lccn=96010781 |oclc=34357391}} * {{cite magazine|author1-link=Michael Riordan (physicist) |last1=Riordan |first1=Michael |last2=Zajc |first2=William A. |author2-link=William Allen Zajc |date=May 2006 |title=The First Few Microseconds |url=https://rhig.physics.yale.edu/Summer2014/sc%20am%20-%20zjac%20and%20riordan.pdf |url-status=live |magazine=[[Scientific American]] |volume=294 |issue=5 |pages=34–41 |bibcode=2006SciAm.294e..34R |doi=10.1038/scientificamerican0506-34a |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141130184142/http://rhig.physics.yale.edu/M_article_11_2005.pdf |archive-date=30 November 2014}} * {{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Simon |title=Big Bang: The Origin of the Universe |title-link=Big Bang (Singh book) |publisher=[[Harper Perennial]] |year=2005 |isbn=978-0007162215 |edition=Harper Perennial; illustrated |location=New York, New York |language=en |author-link=Simon Singh |orig-date=First U.S. edition published 2004}} * {{cite book |last=Weinberg |first=Steven |author-link=Steven Weinberg |year=1993 |orig-date=Originally published 1977 |title=The First Three Minutes: A Modern View of the Origin of the Universe |title-link=The First Three Minutes |edition=Updated |location=New York |publisher=[[Basic Books]] |isbn=978-0-465-02437-7 |lccn=93232406 |oclc=488469247}} 1st edition is available from the [https://archive.org/details/TheFirstThreeMinutesAModernViewOfTheOriginOfTheUniverseS.Weinberg Internet Archive]. Retrieved 23 December 2019. * {{cite book |last=Woolfson |first=Michael |author-link=Michael Woolfson |year=2013 |title=Time, Space, Stars & Man: The Story of Big Bang |edition=2nd |location=London |publisher=[[Imperial College Press]] |isbn=978-1-84816-933-3 |lccn=2013371163 |oclc=835115510}}
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