Editing Amsterdam (section)

==Transport==
{{Main|Transport in Amsterdam}}

===Metro, tram and bus===
{{main|Amsterdam Metro|Trams in Amsterdam}}
[[File:Amsterdam - Keizersgracht - 1316.jpg|thumb|A tram crossing the Keizersgracht]]
[[File:NoordZuidLijn Metrostation Europaplein hnapel 004.jpg|thumb|The [[Amsterdam Metro]] is a mixed subway and above ground [[Rapid Transit|rapid transit system]] consisting of five lines.]]
Currently, there are sixteen [[Trams in Amsterdam|tram routes]] and five [[Amsterdam Metro|metro routes]]. All are operated by the municipal public transport operator [[Gemeentelijk Vervoerbedrijf]] (GVB), which also runs the city bus network.

Four fare-free GVB ferries carry pedestrians and cyclists across the [[IJ (Amsterdam)|IJ lake]] to the [[Boroughs of Amsterdam|borough]] of [[Amsterdam-Noord]], and two fare-charging ferries run east and west along the harbour. There are also privately operated water taxis, a water bus, a boat-sharing operation, electric rental boats, and canal cruises, that transport people along Amsterdam's waterways.

Regional buses, and some suburban buses, are operated by [[Connexxion]] and [[Egged (company)|EBS]]. International coach services are provided by [[Eurolines]] from [[Amsterdam Amstel railway station]], [[IDBUS]] from [[Amsterdam Sloterdijk railway station]], and [[Megabus (Europe)|Megabus]] from the Zuiderzeeweg in the east of the city.

To facilitate easier transport to the centre of Amsterdam, the city has various P+R Locations where people can park their car at an affordable price and transfer to one of the numerous public transport lines.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Parkeren + Reizen (P+R) Amsterdam – I amsterdam |url=https://www.iamsterdam.com/nl/op-bezoek/parkeren/parkeren-en-verder-reizen |website=www.iamsterdam.com |access-date=22 October 2017 |archive-date=22 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171022193919/https://www.iamsterdam.com/nl/op-bezoek/parkeren/parkeren-en-verder-reizen |url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Car===
Amsterdam was intended in 1932 to be the hub, a kind of [[Kilometre Zero]], of the [[List of motorways in the Netherlands|highway system of the Netherlands]],<ref name="Autosnelweg 1930">{{Cite web |title=Autosnelweg.nl – Geschiedenis Autosnelwegen in Nederland |url=http://www.autosnelwegen.nl/asw/gs04.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070310145952/http://www.autosnelwegen.nl/asw/gs04.htm |archive-date=10 March 2007 |access-date=19 April 2007 |publisher=Autosnelweg.nl |language=nl}}</ref> with freeways numbered One to Eight planned to originate from the city.<ref name="Autosnelweg 1930" /> The outbreak of the Second World War and shifting priorities led to the current situation, where only roads [[A1 motorway (Netherlands)|A1]], [[A2 motorway (Netherlands)|A2]], and [[A4 motorway (Netherlands)|A4]] originate from Amsterdam according to the original plan. The [[A3 motorway (Netherlands)|A3]] to [[Rotterdam]] was cancelled in 1970 to conserve the [[Groene Hart]]. Road [[A8 motorway (Netherlands)|A8]], leading north to [[Zaandam]] and the [[A10 motorway (Netherlands)|A10]] [[Beltway|Ringroad]] were opened between 1968 and 1974.<ref name="Autosnelweg 1970">{{Cite web |title=Autosnelweg.nl – Geschiedenis Autosnelwegen in Nederland |url=http://www.autosnelwegen.nl/asw/gs07.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070316030152/http://www.autosnelwegen.nl/asw/gs07.htm |archive-date=16 March 2007 |access-date=19 April 2007 |publisher=Autosnelweg.nl |language=nl}}</ref> Besides the A1, A2, A4 and A8, several freeways, such as the [[A7 motorway (Netherlands)|A7]] and [[A6 motorway (Netherlands)|A6]], carry traffic mainly bound for Amsterdam.

The [[A10 motorway (Netherlands)|A10 ringroad]] surrounding the city connects Amsterdam with the Dutch [[List of motorways in the Netherlands|national network of freeways]]. [[Interchange (road)|Interchanges]] on the A10 allow cars to enter the city by transferring to one of the 18 ''[[List of city routes in the Netherlands|city roads]]'', numbered S101 through to [[S118 (Amsterdam)|S118]]. These city roads are regional roads without [[grade separation]], and sometimes without a [[central reservation]]. Most are accessible by cyclists. The S100 ''Centrumring'' is a smaller ring road circumnavigating the city's centre.

In the city centre, driving a car is discouraged. Parking fees are expensive, and many streets are closed to cars or are [[One-way traffic|one-way]].<ref name="Fiets">{{Cite web |title=Amsterdam Fietst |url=http://www.fiets.amsterdam.nl/live/main.asp?name=pagina&item_id=807 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070806175414/http://www.fiets.amsterdam.nl/live/main.asp?name=pagina&item_id=807 |archive-date=6 August 2007 |access-date=19 April 2007 |language=nl}}</ref> The local government sponsors [[carsharing]] and [[carpool]]ing initiatives such as ''Autodelen'' and ''Meerijden.nu''.<ref name="cars">{{Cite web |title=Amsterdam.nl – Auto |url=http://www.amsterdam.nl/verkeer_vervoer/auto |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070405100219/http://www.amsterdam.nl/verkeer_vervoer/auto |archive-date=5 April 2007 |access-date=19 April 2007 |language=nl}}</ref> The local government has also started removing parking spaces in the city in 2019, with the goal of removing 10,000 spaces (roughly 1,500 per year) by 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Koops |first=Ruben |date=28 March 2019 |title=Ruim 10.000 parkeerplaatsen verdwijnen voor 2025 |url=https://www.parool.nl/gs-b8496335 |access-date=10 April 2020 |website=Het Parool |language=nl-NL}}</ref>

===National rail===
[[File:Amsterdam Central Station1.jpg|thumb|upright=1.15|[[Amsterdam Centraal station]], the city's main train station]]
Amsterdam is served by ten [[Railway stations in the Netherlands#A|stations]] of the [[Nederlandse Spoorwegen]] (Dutch Railways).<ref name="Stationsweb">{{Cite web |title=Stationsweb-Noord Holland |url=http://stationsweb.brinkster.net/stationlijst.asp?prov=noord-holland |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070429173930/http://stationsweb.brinkster.net/stationlijst.asp?prov=noord-holland |archive-date=29 April 2007 |access-date=19 April 2007 |language=nl}}</ref> Five are intercity stops: [[Sloterdijk (Amsterdam)|Sloterdijk]], [[Amsterdam Zuid railway station|Zuid]], [[Amsterdam Amstel railway station|Amstel]], [[Amsterdam Bijlmer ArenA railway station|Bijlmer ArenA]] and [[Amsterdam Centraal railway station|Amsterdam Centraal]]. The stations for local services are: [[Amsterdam Lelylaan railway station|Lelylaan]], [[Amsterdam RAI railway station|RAI]], [[Amsterdam Holendrecht railway station|Holendrecht]], [[Amsterdam Muiderpoort railway station|Muiderpoort]] and [[Amsterdam Science Park railway station|Science Park]]. [[Amsterdam Centraal railway station|Amsterdam Centraal]] is also an international railway station. From the station, there are regular services to destinations such as Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Hungary, Poland, Russia, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Among these trains are international trains of the [[Nederlandse Spoorwegen]] and [[Deutsche Bahn]] to [[Berlin]], [[Eurostar]] services to [[Antwerp]], [[Brussels]], [[Paris]] and [[London]] and [[Intercity Express|ICE]] services to [[Cologne]] and [[Frankfurt]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Train to Amsterdam – London to Amsterdam – Eurostar |url=https://www.eurostar.com/uk-en/train/netherlands/amsterdam |website=www.eurostar.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Discover our train destinations |url=https://www.nsinternational.nl/en/train-destinations-nsinternational |access-date=16 March 2019 |publisher=[[Nederlandse Spoorwegen]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=UK |first=DVV Media |title=Eurostar undertakes detailed planning for London – Amsterdam service |url=http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/high-speed/single-view/view/eurostar-plans-details-of-london-amsterdam-service.html |access-date=13 January 2017 |archive-date=25 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161225080332/http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/high-speed/single-view/view/eurostar-plans-details-of-london-amsterdam-service.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===Airport===
[[File:Schiphol Airport Pier D (7325966610).jpg|thumb|right|[[Amsterdam Airport Schiphol]] ranks as Europe's third-busiest airport for passenger traffic.]]
[[Amsterdam Airport Schiphol]] is less than 20 minutes by train from [[Amsterdam Centraal station]] and is served by domestic and international intercity trains, such as [[Eurostar]] and [[EuroCity]]. Schiphol is the largest airport in the Netherlands, the third-largest in Europe, and the 14th-largest in the world in terms of passengers. It handles over 68&nbsp;million passengers per year and is the home base of four airlines, [[KLM]], [[Transavia]], [[Martinair]] and [[Arkefly]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Maslen |first=Richard |date=21 July 2014 |title=easyJet to open Amsterdam Base in Spring 2015 |url=http://www.routesonline.com/news/29/breaking-news/242728/easyjet-to-open-amsterdam-base-in-spring-2015/ |publisher=UBM (UK) Ltd |access-date=26 February 2016 |archive-date=11 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161011120121/http://www.routesonline.com/news/29/breaking-news/242728/easyjet-to-open-amsterdam-base-in-spring-2015/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> {{as of|2014}}, Schiphol was the fifth [[World's busiest airports by international passenger traffic|busiest airport in the world]] measured by international passenger numbers.<ref name="passengerrank">{{Cite web |title=International passenger Rankings |url=http://www.aci.aero/Data-Centre/Monthly-Traffic-Data/International-Passenger-Rankings/12-months |access-date=3 June 2014 |publisher=ACI Airports Council International |archive-date=28 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160528094849/http://www.aci.aero/Data-Centre/Monthly-Traffic-Data/International-Passenger-Rankings/12-months |url-status=dead}}</ref> This airport is 4 meters below sea level.<ref>{{Cite web |last=awesomeamsterdam |date=16 October 2015 |title=10 fun facts about Amsterdam |url=https://awesomeamsterdam.com/10-fun-facts-about-amsterdam/ |access-date=16 January 2019 |website=Awesome Amsterdam}}</ref> Although Schiphol is internationally known as Amsterdam Schiphol Airport it lies in the neighbouring municipality of Haarlemmermeer, southwest of the city.

[[Rotterdam The Hague Airport]], a smaller international airport, is also within an hour's drive of the city.

===Cycling===
[[File:Bycicles Amsterdam.jpg|thumb|Barges regularly pull bicycles from the bottom of the canals in Amsterdam. Many residents discard old bicycles by throwing them into the canals.]]
{{main|Cycling in Amsterdam}}
[[File:Amsterdam - Bicycles - 1058.jpg|thumb|Police bicyclist crossing a bridge over the Prinsengracht]]
[[File:Bicyclist at Amsterdam.jpg|thumb|Bicyclist at Amsterdam]]
Amsterdam is one of the most [[bicycle-friendly]] large cities in the world and is a centre of [[bicycle culture]] with good facilities for cyclists such as bike paths and [[Bicycle stand|bike racks]], and several guarded bike storage garages (''fietsenstalling'') which can be used.

According to the most recent figures published by the Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), in 2015 the 442,693 households (850,000 residents) in Amsterdam together owned 847,000 bicycles – 1.91 bicycles per household.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Amsterdam, City of Bikes |date=8 November 2017 |url=http://www.dutchamsterdam.nl/68-amsterdam-city-of-bikes |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190829080011/http://www.dutchamsterdam.nl/68-amsterdam-city-of-bikes |archive-date=29 August 2019 |access-date=11 November 2019 |publisher=DutchAmsterdam.nl}}</ref> Theft is widespread{{mdash}}in 2011, about 83,000 bicycles were stolen in Amsterdam.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Research and Statistics Division |title=Core Numbers in Graphics: Fewer Bicycle Thefts |url=http://stadstat.osamsterdam.nl/programakkoord.pl?onderwerp=ov&cache_version=6 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080822155119/http://stadstat.osamsterdam.nl/programakkoord.pl?onderwerp=ov&cache_version=6 |archive-date=22 August 2008 |access-date=4 October 2008 |website=Safety and Nuissance |publisher=City of Amsterdam |language=nl}}</ref> Bicycles are used by all socio-economic groups because of their convenience, Amsterdam's small size, the {{cvt|400|km|0|abbr=off}} of bike paths,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cycling in Amsterdam |url=http://www.amsterdamtips.com/tips/cycling-in-amsterdam.php |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100917063831/http://amsterdamtips.com/tips/cycling-in-amsterdam.php |archive-date=17 September 2010 |access-date=11 August 2010 |publisher=amsterdamtips.com}}</ref> the flat terrain, and the inconvenience of driving an automobile.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Tagliabue |first=John |date=20 June 2013 |title=The Dutch Prize Their Pedal Power, but a Sea of Bikes Swamps Their Capital |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/21/world/europe/a-sea-of-bikes-swamps-amsterdam-a-city-fond-of-pedaling.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220101/https://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/21/world/europe/a-sea-of-bikes-swamps-amsterdam-a-city-fond-of-pedaling.html |archive-date=1 January 2022 |url-access=limited}}{{cbignore}}</ref>