Editing Vocative case (section)

===Romance languages===
====West Iberian languages====
[[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] drops the article to form the vocative. The vocative is always between commas and, like in many other languages, a particle ''Ó'' is commonly used:
{| class="wikitable"
|''{{lang|pt|Ó Jesus, ajude-nos!}}''
|O Jesus, help us!
|-
|''{{lang|pt|Menino, vem cá!}}''
|Boy, come here!
|-
|''{{lang|pt|Não faças isso, amigo.}}''
|Don't do that, [my] friend.
|}
In [[Extremaduran language|Extremaduran]] and [[Fala language|Fala]], some post-tonical vowels open in vocative forms of nouns, a new development that is unrelated to the Latin vocative case.

====Catalan====
[[Catalan language|Catalan]] drops the article to form the vocative.

====French====
Like English, [[French language|French]] sometimes uses (or historically used) a particle ''Ô'' to mark vocative phrases rather than by change to the form of the noun.  A famous example is the title and first line of the Canadian national anthem, ''[[O Canada]]'' (French title: ''Ô Canada''), a vocative phrase addressing [[Canada]].

====Romanian====
The vocative case in [[Romanian language|Romanian]] is partly inherited, occasionally causing other morphophonemic changes (see also the article on [[Romanian nouns]]):

*singular masculine/neuter: '''{{lang|ro|-e}}''' as in
**{{lang|ro|om}}: {{lang|ro|omule!}} (man, human being),
**{{lang|ro|băiat}}: {{lang|ro|băiete!}} or {{lang|ro|băiatule!}} (boy),
**{{lang|ro|văr}}: {{lang|ro|vere!}} (cousin),
**{{lang|ro|Ion}}: {{lang|ro|Ioane!}} (John);
*singular feminine: '''{{lang|ro|-o}}''' as in
**{{lang|ro|soră}}: {{lang|ro|soro!}} (sister),
**{{lang|ro|nebună}}: {{lang|ro|nebuno!}} (mad woman), also in masculine ({{lang|ro|nebunul}}) 
**{{lang|ro|deșteaptă}}: {{lang|ro|deșteapto!}} (smart one (f), often used sarcastically),
**{{lang|ro|Ileana}}: {{lang|ro|Ileano!}} (Helen);
Since there is no ''-o'' vocative in Latin, it must have been borrowed from Slavic: compare the corresponding Bulgarian forms {{lang|bg|сестро|italic=no}} ({{lang|uk-latn|sestro}}), {{lang|bg|откачалко|italic=no}} ({{lang|bg-latn|otkachalko}}), {{lang|bg|Елено|italic=no}} ({{lang|bg-latn|Eleno}}).

*plural, all genders: '''{{lang|ro|-lor}}''' as in
**{{lang|ro|frați}}: {{lang|ro|fraților!}} (brothers),
**{{lang|ro|boi}}: {{lang|ro|boilor!}} (oxen, used toward people as an invective),
**{{lang|ro|doamne și domni}}: {{lang|ro|doamnelor și domnilor!}} (ladies and gentlemen).

In formal speech, the vocative often simply copies the nominative/accusative form even when it does have its own form. That is because the vocative is often perceived as very direct and so can seem rude.

==== Romanesco dialect ====
In [[Romanesco dialect]] the vocative case appears as a regular [[Apocope|truncation]] immediately after the [[Stress (linguistics)|stress]].

Compare (vocative, always truncated)

: ''France', vie' qua!''
:: "Francesco/Francesca, come here!"

with (nominative, never truncated)

: ''Francesco/Francesca viene qua''
:: "Francesco/Francesca comes here"

====Venetian====
[[Venetian language|Venetian]] has lost all case endings, like most other Romance languages. However, with feminine proper names the role of the vocative is played by the absence of the determiner: the personal article {{lang|vec|ła / l'}} usually precedes feminine names in other situations, even in predicates. Masculine names and other nouns lack articles and so rely on [[Prosody (linguistics)|prosody]] to mark forms of address:

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Case
! Fem. proper name
! Masc. proper name and other nouns
|-
! Nom./Acc.
| {{lang|vec|'''ła''' Marìa ła vien qua / varda '''ła''' Marìa!}}<br/>{{gloss|Mary comes here / look at Mary!}}
| {{lang|vec|Marco el vien qua / varda Marco!}}<br/>{{gloss|Mark comes here / look at Mark!}}
|-
! Vocative
| {{lang|vec|Marìa vien qua! / varda, Marìa!}}<br/>{{gloss|Mary, come here! / look, Mary!}}
| {{lang|vec|Marco vien qua! / varda, Marco!}}<br/>{{gloss|Mark, come here! / look, Mark!}}
|}

Predicative constructions:

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Case
! Fem. proper name
! Masc. proper name and other nouns
|-
! Pred.
| {{lang|vec|so' mi '''ła''' Marìa}}<br/>{{gloss|'''I''' am Mary.}}
| {{lang|vec|so' mi Marco / so' tornà maestra}}<br/>{{gloss|'''I''' am Mark. / I am a teacher again.}}
|-
! Vocative
| {{lang|vec|so' mi Marìa!}}<br/>{{gloss|It's me, Mary!}}
| {{lang|vec|so' mi, Marco! / so' tornà, maestra!}}<br/>{{gloss|It's me, Mark! / I am back, teacher!}}
|}