Editing Trotskyism (section)

===France===
{{main|Trotskyism in France}}
[[Image:Manif Paris 2005-11-19 dsc06344 cropped.jpg|thumb|[[Revolutionary Communist League (France)|LCR]] protesters marching in a workforce demonstration in favour of public services and against privatization]]
The [[Communist League (1930)|Communist League]] was formed in 1930, becoming the first Trotskyist group in the country.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Nick |first=Christophe |title=Les Trotskistes |publisher=Fayard |year=2002 |page=26}}</ref> French Trotskyists have historically faced internal splits and external repression, notably during World War II when their activities were banned.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Charpier |first=Frédéric |title=Histoire de l'extrême gauche trotskiste de 1929 à nos jours |publisher=Éditions 1 |year=2002 |page=85}}</ref>{{verify source|date=January 2024}} Postwar, French Trotskyism was shaped by significant divisions, such as the 1952 split between [[Lambertist]] and [[Pabloist]] factions, reflecting global tensions within the [[Fourth International]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bensaïd |first=Daniel |title=Les Trotskysmes |publisher=PUF |year=2001 |page=46}}</ref>{{verify source|date=January 2024}} The movement gained public attention during events like the [[May 1968 protests]], where Trotskyist groups, including the [[Revolutionary Communist League (France)|Revolutionary Communist League]] (LCR), played a prominent role.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Marie |first=Jean-Jacques |title=Le Trotskysme |publisher=Armand Colin |year=2002 |page=102}}</ref>{{verify source|date=January 2024}}

The French section of the Fourth International was the Internationalist Communist Party (PCI). In 1952 the party split when the Fourth International removed its Central Committee and split again when in 1953, the Fourth International itself divided. Further divisions occurred over which independence faction to support in the Algerian War. In 1967, the rump of the PCI renamed itself the "[[Internationalist Communist Organisation]]" ({{lang|fr|Organisation Communiste Internationaliste}}, OCI). It proliferated during the May 1968 student demonstrations but was banned alongside other far-left groups, such as the {{lang|fr|Gauche prolétarienne}} (Proletarian Left). Members temporarily reconstituted the group as the Trotskyist Organisation but soon obtained a state order permitting the reformation of the OCI. By 1970, the OCI was able to organise a 10,000-strong youth rally. The group also gained a strong base in trade unions. However, further splits and disintegration followed.

Today, France remains a hub for Trotskyist activity, represented by groups such as {{lang|fr|[[Lutte Ouvrière]]}} which advocates a revolutionary program rooted in Marxist principles.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lutte ouvrière|url=https://www.lutte-ouvriere.org|access-date=2024-05-27}}</ref> In [[2002 French presidential election|2002]], three trotskyist candidates ran in the election. [[Arlette Laguiller]] of {{lang|fr|Lutte Ouvrière}} got 5.72%, [[Olivier Besancenot]] of the [[Revolutionary Communist League (France)|Revolutionary Communist League]] ({{lang|fr|Ligue communiste révolutionnaire}}) got 4.25% and [[Daniel Gluckstein]] of the [[Workers' Party (France)|Workers' Party]] ({{lang|fr|Parti des Travailleurs}}) got 0.47%.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Election Results 2002 |url=http://www.interieur.gouv.fr/sections/a_votre_service/elections/resultats/presidentielle/presidentielle-2002 |publisher=Ministère de l'Intérieur |access-date=2024-05-27}}</ref> In 2016 [[Jean-Luc Mélenchon]], formerly of the ICO, launched the left-wing political platform {{lang|fr|[[La France Insoumise]]}} (Unbowed France), subsequently endorsed by several parties, including his own [[Left Party (France)|Left Party]] and the [[French Communist Party]]. In the 2017 French Presidential Election, he received 19% in the first round. In the same election, [[Philippe Poutou]] of the [[New Anticapitalist Party]], into which the Revolutionary Communist League dissolved itself in 2008, won 1.20% of the vote. The only openly Trotskyist candidate, [[Nathalie Arthaud]] of Workers' Struggle, won 0.64% of the vote.

In November 2016 a long-standing sympathizing group of the [[International Committee of the Fourth International]] held a founding congress to establish themselves as a full section of the ICFI. As part of the congress international delegates of the ICFI ratified their membership as the {{lang|fr|[[Socialist Equality Party (France)|Parti de l'égalité socialiste]]}} (PES) in French.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2016/11/15/icfi-n15.html | title=The International Committee of the Fourth International founds its French section | date=15 November 2016 }}</ref> PES includes a number of members of Sri Lankan origin who sought asylum in France due to the effects of the [[Sri Lankan civil war|Sri Lankan Civil War]], some of whom were members of the [[Socialist Equality Party (Sri Lanka)]] or its predecessor organization, the Revolutionary Communist League, at the time of their flight while many were won to Trotskyism during their exile.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2022/06/20/bnmf-j20.html |title=Third National Congress of the SEP (Sri Lanka): Greetings from the French and German sections of the world Trotskyist movement |date=20 June 2022}}</ref> These Sri Lankan PES members played a leading role in making a historic translation of Trotsky’s seminal work, [[The Revolution Betrayed]], into Tamil in 2024.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2024/02/06/ulli-f06.html |title=SEP (Sri Lanka) public meetings to launch Tamil translation of Trotsky's the Revolution Betrayed |date=6 February 2024}}</ref>