Editing Temple Mount (section)

=== Israeli period ===
[[File:IDF Paratroopers UNIT. X.jpg|thumb|Israeli paratroopers entering the Temple Mount through the Lions Gate in 1967]]
On 7 June 1967, during the [[Six-Day War]], Israeli forces advanced beyond the [[1949 Armistice Agreement Line]] into [[West Bank]] territories, taking control of the [[Old City of Jerusalem]], inclusive of the Temple Mount.

The Chief Rabbi of the [[Israeli Defense Forces]], [[Shlomo Goren]], led the soldiers in religious celebrations on the Temple Mount and at the Western Wall. The Israeli Chief Rabbinate also declared a religious holiday on the anniversary, called "[[Yom Yerushalayim]]" (Jerusalem Day), which became a national holiday to commemorate the [[reunification of Jerusalem]]. Many saw the capture of Jerusalem and the Temple Mount as a miraculous liberation of biblical-messianic proportions.<ref>{{Cite book |last=New |first=David S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bso4Rco54isC&pg=PA140 |title=Holy War: The Rise of Militant Christian, Jewish and Islamic Fundamentalism |date=2015 |publisher=McFarland |isbn=978-1-4766-0391-9 |pages=140ff |language=en}}</ref> A few days after the war over 200,000 Jews flocked to the Western Wall in the first mass Jewish pilgrimage near the Mount since the destruction of the Temple in 70 CE. Islamic authorities did not disturb Goren when he went to pray on the Mount until, on the [[Tisha B'Av|Ninth Day of Av]], he brought 50 followers and introduced both a [[shofar]], and a portable ark to pray, an innovation which alarmed the Waqf authorities and led to a deterioration of relations between the Muslim authorities and the Israeli government.{{sfn|Gonen|2003|p=[https://archive.org/details/contestedholines00rivk/page/149 149–155]}}

In June 1969, [[Al-Aqsa mosque fire|an Australian set fire to the Jami'a al-Aqsa]]. On April 11, 1982, a Jew hid in the Dome of the Rock and sprayed gunfire, killing 2 Palestinians and wounding 44; in 1974, 1977 and 1983 groups led by [[Yoel Lerner]] conspired to blow up both the Dome of the Rock and al-Aqsa. On 26 January 1984 Waqf guards detected members of B'nei Yehuda, a messianic cult of former gangsters turned mystics based in [[Lifta]], trying to infiltrate the area to blow it up.<ref name="Klein" /><ref>Urî Huppert, ''Back to the ghetto: Zionism in retreat,'' Prometheus Books 1988, p. 108.</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Seliktar |first=Ofira |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-j2sCQAAQBAJ&pg=PT267 |title=New Zionism and the Foreign Policy System of Israel (RLE Israel and Palestine) |date=2015|publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-317-44284-4 |page=267 |language=en}}</ref>

On 15 January 1988, during the [[First Intifada]], [[Israeli troops]] fired [[rubber bullet]]s and [[tear gas]] at protesters outside the mosque, wounding 40 worshipers.<ref>[http://domino.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/2ee9468747556b2d85256cf60060d2a6/03a0ba144d71e526852573700066e774 OpenDocument Letter] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110628180644/http://domino.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/2ee9468747556b2d85256cf60060d2a6/03a0ba144d71e526852573700066e774 |date=28 June 2011 }} Dated 18 January 1988 from the Permanent Observer for the Palestine Liberation Organization to the United Nations Office at Geneva Addressed to the Under-Secretary-General for Human Rights Ramlawi, Nabil. Permanent Observer of the Palestine Liberation Organization to the United Nations Office at Geneva.</ref><ref>[http://www.passia.org/palestine_facts/chronology/19631988.htm Palestine Facts Timeline, 1963–1988] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080929033140/http://www.passia.org/palestine_facts/chronology/19631988.htm |date=29 September 2008 }} [[Palestinian Academic Society for the Study of International Affairs]].</ref>

On October 8, 1990, Israeli forces patrolling the site blocked worshippers from reaching it. A tear gas canister was set off among the female worshippers, which caused events to escalate. On 12 October 1990 Palestinian Muslims protested violently the intention of some extremist Jews to lay a cornerstone on the site for a New Temple as a prelude to the destruction of the Muslim mosques. The attempt was blocked by Israeli authorities but demonstrators were widely reported as having stoned Jews at the Western Wall.<ref name="Klein">{{Cite book |last=Klein |first=Menachem |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nBnPuy2GxuQC&pg=PA54 |title=Jerusalem: The Contested City |date=2001 |publisher=C. Hurst |isbn=978-1-85065-576-3 |pages=54–63 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
 |url=https://unispal.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/0/C6AA06BDFB5B5453052566DB0055512F
 |title=Reconstruction of Events (Revised) Al-Haram Al-Sharif, Jerusalem Monday, 8 October 1990
 |access-date=April 12, 2012
 |date=October 8, 1990
 |publisher=[[United Nations]]
 |url-status=dead
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150109002959/http://unispal.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/0/C6AA06BDFB5B5453052566DB0055512F
 |archive-date=9 January 2015
}}</ref> According to Palestinian historian [[Rashid Khalidi]], investigative journalism has shown this allegation to be false.<ref>[[Rashid Khalidi]], [https://books.google.com/books?id=YDPKFyZ38qsC&pg=PA215 ''Palestinian Identity: The Construction of Modern National Consciousness,''] Columbia University Press, 2010 pp. 215–16, n. 22: 'The pretext later invoked for the shootings was that the Palestinians inside the ''Haram'' were throwing stones at Jewish worshippers at the Wailing Wall plaza below, an allegation that careful journalistic investigation later revealed was false. It is impossible to be able to see the plaza from the ''Haram'', given the high arcade that surrounds that latter, and the Palestinians were in fact throwing stones at Israeli security forces shooting at them from atop the ''Haram's'' western wall and adjacent roofs. It has since been established that most Jewish worshippers were gone before stones thrown at the soldiers went over the arcade and into the plaza. See Michael Emery,"New videotapes Reveal Israeli Cover-up," ''The Village Voice,'' November 13, 1990, pp. 25–29 and the reportage by Mike Wallace on ''60 Minutes'', December 2, 1990. For a detailed account based on testimonies of eyewitnesses, see Raja Shehadeh ''The Sealed Room,'' (London: Quartet, 1992) pp. 24–99'.</ref> Rocks were eventually thrown, while security forces fired rounds that killed 21 people and injuring 150 more.<ref name="Klein" /> An Israeli inquiry found Israeli forces at fault, but it also concluded that charges could not be brought against any particular individuals.<ref>{{cite web
|url = http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/1991-07-19/news/9101260807_1_criminal-charges-killings-ezra-kama
|title = Judge Blames Israeli Police In Killing Of Palestinians
|access-date = April 12, 2012
|date = July 19, 1991
|work = [[Sun Sentinel]]
|archive-date = June 19, 2013
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130619003713/http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/1991-07-19/news/9101260807_1_criminal-charges-killings-ezra-kama
|url-status = dead
}}</ref>

On 8 October 1990, [[1990 Temple Mount riots|22 Palestinians were killed]] and over 100 others injured by [[Israeli Border Police]] during protests that were triggered by the announcement of the [[Temple Mount Faithful]], a group of religious Jews, that they were going to lay the cornerstone of the Third Temple.<ref>Dan Izenberg, ''The Jerusalem Post'', 19 July 1991.</ref><ref name="Ahram">Amayreh, Khaled. [http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2007/832/re63.htm Catalogue of provocations: Israel's encroachments upon the Al-Aqsa Mosque have not been sporadic, but, rather, a systematic endeavor] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081115224345/http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2007/832/re63.htm |date=15 November 2008 }} ''[[Al-Ahram Weekly]]''. February 2007.</ref> Between 1992 and 1994, the Jordanian government undertook the unprecedented step of gilding the dome of the Dome of the Rock, covering it with 5000 gold plates, and restoring and reinforcing the structure. [[Minbar of the al-Aqsa Mosque|Saladin's minbar]] was also reconstructed. The project was paid for by [[Hussein of Jordan|King Hussein]] personally, at a cost of $8 million.<ref name=Hashemite/> The Temple Mount remains, under the terms of the 1994 [[Israel–Jordan peace treaty]], under [[Hashemite custodianship of Jerusalem holy sites|Jordanian custodianship]].<ref name="Itamar" /> In December 1997, Israeli security services preempted an attempt by Jewish extremists to throw a pig's head wrapped in the pages of the Quran into the area, in order to spark a riot and embarrass the government.<ref name="Klein" />

On 28 September 2000, then-opposition leader of Israel [[Ariel Sharon]] and members of the [[Likud Party]], along with 1,000 armed guards, visited the al-Aqsa compound. The visit was seen as a provocative gesture by many Palestinians, who gathered around the site. After Sharon and the Likud Party members left, a demonstration erupted and Palestinians on the grounds of the [[Haram al-Sharif]] began [[Palestinian stone throwing|throwing stones]] and other projectiles at Israeli riot police. Police fired tear gas and rubber bullets at the crowd, injuring 24 people. The visit sparked a five-year uprising by the Palestinians, commonly referred to as the [[al-Aqsa Intifada]], though some commentators, citing subsequent speeches by Palestinian Authority officials, particularly Imad Falouji and [[Yasser Arafat|Yasar Arafat]], claim that the Intifada had been planned months in advance, as early as July upon Arafat's return from Camp David talks in the United States.<ref>{{cite news |title=Provocative' mosque visit sparks riots |work=BBC News |date=28 September 2000 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/september/28/newsid_3687000/3687762.stm |access-date=1 July 2008 |archive-date=29 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190129133239/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/september/28/newsid_3687000/3687762.stm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="toameh">{{cite web |author=Abu Toameh |first=Khaled |title=How the war began |url=http://www.mafhoum.com/press3/111P55.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060328023742/http://www.mafhoum.com/press3/111P55.htm |archive-date=28 March 2006 |access-date=29 March 2006}}</ref><ref name=atlantic>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/doc/prem/200509/samuels|date=September 2005|work=[[The Atlantic Monthly]] Online|title=In a Ruined Country|access-date=5 March 2017|archive-date=30 August 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080830024459/http://www.theatlantic.com/doc/prem/200509/samuels|url-status=live}}</ref> On 29 September, the Israeli government deployed 2,000 riot police to the mosque. When a group of Palestinians left the mosque after [[Jumu'ah|Friday prayers]] (''Jumu'ah,'') they hurled stones at the police. The police then stormed the mosque compound, firing both live ammunition and rubber bullets at the group of Palestinians, killing four and wounding about 200.<ref>Dean, 2003, p.&nbsp;560.</ref>

On 3 January 2023, Israeli Minister of National Security [[Itamar Ben-Gvir]] visited the Temple Mount in [[Jerusalem]], sparking protests by [[Palestinians]] and the condemnation of several [[Arab countries]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-01-03 |title=Jerusalem: Palestinian anger over far-right Israeli minister's holy site visit |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-64150409 |access-date=2023-01-03}}</ref>