Editing Talmud (section)

===Critical editions===
{{See also|Critical edition}}
The text of the Vilna editions is considered by scholars not to be uniformly reliable, and there have been a number of attempts to collate textual variants.
# In the late 19th century, Nathan Rabinowitz published a series of volumes called ''Dikduke Soferim'' showing textual variants from early manuscripts and printings.
# In 1960, work started on a new edition under the name of ''Gemara Shelemah'' (complete Gemara) under the editorship of [[Menachem Mendel Kasher]]: only the volume on the first part of tractate Pesachim appeared before the project was interrupted by his death.  This edition contained a comprehensive set of textual variants and a few selected commentaries.
# Some thirteen volumes have been published by the Institute for the Complete Israeli Talmud (a division of Yad Harav Herzog), on lines similar to Rabinowitz, containing the text and a comprehensive set of textual variants (from manuscripts, early prints and citations in secondary literature) but no commentaries.<ref>Friedman, "Variant Readings in the Babylonian Talmud – A Methodological Study Marking the Appearance of 13 Volumes of the Institute for the Complete Israeli Talmud's Edition," Tarbiz 68 (1998).</ref>

There have been critical editions of particular tractates (e.g. [[Henry Malter]]'s edition of ''[[Ta'anit]]''), but there is no modern critical edition of the whole Talmud. Modern editions such as those of the Oz ve-Hadar Institute correct misprints and restore passages that in earlier editions were modified or excised by censorship but do not attempt a comprehensive account of textual variants. One edition, by Yosef Amar,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nosachteiman.co.il/?CategoryID=856&ArticleID=3022&Page=1 |title=Talmud Bavli be-niqqud Temani |author=Amar, Yosef |publisher=Nosachteiman.co.il |access-date=2010-05-21 |archive-date=2011-07-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717212402/http://www.nosachteiman.co.il/?CategoryID=856&ArticleID=3022&Page=1 |url-status=dead }}</ref> represents the Yemenite tradition, and takes the form of a photostatic reproduction of a Vilna-based print to which Yemenite vocalization and textual variants have been added by hand, together with printed introductory material. Collations of the Yemenite manuscripts of some tractates have been published by Columbia University.<ref>Julius Joseph Price, ''The Yemenite ms. of Megilla (in the Library of Columbia university)'', 1916; ''Pesahim'', 1913; ''Mo'ed Katon'', 1920.</ref>