Editing St Paul's Cathedral (section)

===Clock===
[[File:South west tower of St Paul's Cathedral.jpg|thumb|upright|The southwest tower]]
A clock was installed in the southwest tower by Langley Bradley in 1709 but was worn out by the end of the 19th century.<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=The New Clock of St Paul's |url=http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000321/18931221/005/0002 |newspaper=[[Nottingham Evening Post]] |location=England |date=21 December 1893 |access-date=4 December 2016 |via=British Newspaper Archive |url-access=subscription }}</ref> The present mechanism was built in 1893 by [[Smith of Derby Group|Smith of Derby]] incorporating a design of escapement by [[Edmund Beckett, 1st Baron Grimthorpe|Edmund Denison Beckett]] similar to that used by [[Edward John Dent|Edward Dent]] on [[Big Ben]]'s mechanism in 1895. The clock mechanism is {{convert|19|ft|1}} long and is the most recent of the clocks introduced to St Paul's Cathedral over the centuries. Since 1969, the clock has been electrically wound with equipment designed and installed by Smith of Derby, relieving the clock custodian from the work of cranking up the heavy drive weights.<ref>[https://www.smithofderby.com/projects/st-pauls-cathedral-clock/ St Paul's Cathedral Clock].</ref>

====Great Paul====
{{anchor|Great Paul (bell)}}
The southwest tower also contains four bells, of which '''Great Paul''', cast in 1881 by [[John William Taylor|J. W. Taylor]] of [[John Taylor & Co|Taylor's bell foundry]] of [[Loughborough]], at {{convert|16+1/2|LT|kg}} was the largest bell in the [[British Isles]] until the casting of the [[Olympic Bell]] for the 2012 London Olympics.<ref name=Pauls /> Although the bell is traditionally sounded at 1 pm each day, Great Paul had not been rung for several years because of a broken chiming mechanism.{{sfn|The Chapter of St Paul's Cathedral|2016b|loc=Bells}} In the 1970s, the fastening mechanism that secured the clapper had fractured, sending both through the clock mechanism below and causing damage that cost £30,000 to repair. In about 1989 the clapper fractured completely, although less damage was sustained.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg14419564-400-when-the-great-bell-broke/ |title=When the Great Bell Broke |publisher=[[New Scientist]] |first1=Mick |last1=Hamer |date=17 December 1994 |access-date=8 June 2022 |archive-date=3 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220603100125/https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg14419564-400-when-the-great-bell-broke/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On 31 July 2021, during the London Festival of the Bells, Great Paul rang for the first time in two decades, being hand swung by the bell ringers.

====Great Tom====
The clock bells include '''Great Tom''', which was moved from [[St Stephen's Chapel]] at the [[Palace of Westminster]] and has been recast several times, the last time by [[Richard Phelps (bellfounder)|Richard Phelps]]. It chimes the hour and is traditionally tolled on occasions of a death in the royal family, the Bishop of London, or the [[Lord Mayor of London]], although an exception was made at the death of the US president [[James Garfield]].{{sfn|Dunton|1896|pp=25–26}} It was last tolled for the death of [[Queen Elizabeth II]] in 2022, ringing once every minute along with other bells across the country in honour of the 96 years of her life.<ref name="E!">[https://www.eonline.com/ca/news/1345552/hear-bells-around-the-world-ring-for-queen-elizabeth-ii-after-her-death E! News, ''Hear Bells Around the World Ring for Queen Elizabeth II After Her Death'', Kisha Forde, September 9, 2022] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920172834/https://www.eonline.com/ca/news/1345552/hear-bells-around-the-world-ring-for-queen-elizabeth-ii-after-her-death |date=20 September 2022 }}, Retrieved 19 September 2022.</ref>

====Quarter-jacks====
In 1717, Richard Phelps cast two more bells that were added as "quarter jacks" that ring on the quarter hour. Still in use today, the first weighs {{convert|13|long cwt|abbr=on|lk=in}}, is {{convert|41|in|cm}} in diameter and is tuned to A{{music|flat}}; the second weighs {{convert|35|long cwt|abbr=on}}, is {{convert|58|in|cm}} in diameter and is tuned to E{{music|flat}}. They are sometimes known as '''Ding''' and '''Dong''' due to the way they sound.