Editing Republic of China Armed Forces (section)

===United States===
[[File:Defense.gov photo essay 101013-A-7341H-013.jpg|thumb|alt=T93 sniper rifle|[[T-93 sniper rifle]] with the Taiwanese team competing in the International Sniper Competition at [[Fort Benning]], Georgia in 2010]]
Collaboration between the ROC and US militaries began during [[World War II]] when both nations were members of the [[Allies of World War II|Allied forces]], and continued through the [[Chinese Civil War]] when ROC forces were supplied primarily by the US until the final evacuation of ROC forces to Taiwan in 1949. Initially the U.S. expected the ROC government to fall and withdrew support until the outbreak of the [[Korean War]] when the U.S. 7th Fleet was ordered to the [[Taiwan Strait]]s both to protect Taiwan from a PRC attack, and to stop ROC actions against the PRC.<ref>{{cite web | author=U.S. Department of Defense | title=Classified Teletype Conference, dated June 27, 1950, between the Pentagon and General Douglas MacArthur regarding authorization to use naval and air forces in support of South Korea. Papers of Harry S. Truman: Naval Aide Files | publisher=Truman Presidential Library & Museum | year=1950 | url=http://www.trumanlibrary.org/whistlestop/study_collections/korea/large/week1/kw_22_1.htm | access-date=2006-03-07 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060419074919/http://www.trumanlibrary.org/whistlestop/study_collections/korea/large/week1/kw_22_1.htm | archive-date=2006-04-19 | url-status=dead }}</ref> A formal US-ROC security pact was signed in 1954 establishing a formal alliance that lasted until US recognition of the PRC in 1979.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.taiwandocuments.org/mutual01.htm|title=Mutual Defense Treaty between the United States of America and the Republic of China|publisher=taiwandocuments.org|access-date=2006-03-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060212153036/http://www.taiwandocuments.org/mutual01.htm|archive-date=2006-02-12|url-status=live}}</ref> During this period US military advisers were deployed to the ROC and joint exercises were common. The [[United States Taiwan Defense Command]] was established in the Philippines for reinforcement of Taiwan airspace. The US and ROC also collaborated on human and electronic intelligence operations directed against the PRC.<ref name=goldstein />

ROC units participated in the Korean War and the [[Vietnam War]] in non-combat capacities, primarily at the insistence of the United States which was concerned that the high-profile roles for ROC forces in these conflicts would lead to full scale PRC intervention.<ref name=goldstein /> The United States deployed nuclear weapons on Taiwan as part of the United States Taiwan Defense Command. Nuclear weapons are known to have been stored at [[Tainan Air Force Base]] until their withdrawal was ordered by the American President in 1972.<ref>{{cite web |title=National Security Archive Electronic Briefing Book No. 20 |url=https://nsarchive2.gwu.edu/news/19991020/ |website=nsarchive2.gwu.edu |publisher=George Washington University |access-date=27 September 2020}}</ref> High-level cooperation ended with the US recognition of the PRC in 1979, when all remaining US forces in Taiwan were withdrawn. The US continued to supply the ROC with arms sales per the [[Taiwan Relations Act]], albeit in a diminished role.<ref name=goldstein>{{cite web | author=S. Goldstein | title=The United States and the Republic of China, 1949–1978: Suspicious Allies | publisher=Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies, Stanford University | year=2000 | url=http://iis-db.stanford.edu/pubs/10125/Goldstein.pdf | url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060217081808/https://iis-db.stanford.edu/pubs/10125/Goldstein.pdf | archive-date=2006-02-17 }}</ref>

When the United States Congress enacted on September 30, 2002, the Foreign Relations Authorization Act for FY 2003, it required that Taiwan be "treated as though it were designated a [[major non-NATO ally]]."<ref name="Kan2009">{{cite book|first=Shirley|last=Kan|title=Taiwan: Major U.S. Arms Sales Since 1990|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fJSHhOZo_j8C&pg=PA52|date=December 2009|publisher=DIANE Publishing|isbn=978-1-4379-2041-3|pages=52}}</ref>  Despite some initial misgivings about Congress's perceived intrusion into the President's foreign affairs authority, the [[Presidency of George W. Bush|Bush administration]] subsequently submitted a letter to Congress on August 29, 2003, designating Taiwan as a major non-NATO ally.<ref name=Kan2009 />

In recent years, the ROC military has again begun higher level cooperation with the [[United States Armed Forces]] after over two decades of relative isolation. Senior officers from the [[U.S. Pacific Command]] observed the annual Han Kuang military exercises in 2005. The US also upgraded its military liaison position in Taipei from a position held by retired officers hired on a contractual basis to one held by an active duty officer the same year.<ref>{{cite news|date=2005-07-30|title=Military attache starts work at AIT next month|newspaper=The Taipei Times|url=http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/front/archives/2005/07/30/2003265615|access-date=2006-01-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060113021330/http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/front/archives/2005/07/30/2003265615|archive-date=2006-01-13|url-status=live}}</ref> The United States regularly sends personnel to Taiwan for both training and liaison purposes but does so either secretly or in an unofficial capacity. ROC Marines have trained with their American counterparts in [[Hawaii]] and US Marines have also deployed to Taiwan.<ref>{{cite web |last1=DeAeth |first1=Duncan |title=Taiwan marines trained with US forces in 2017, will do so again in 2018 |url=https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/3403932 |website=www.taiwannews.com.tw |date=12 April 2018 |publisher=Taiwan News |access-date=23 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200119161455/https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/3403932 |archive-date=19 January 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=CARBONE |first1=JAMES |title=Pasadena Salutes Returning Marine Corps Battalion with City Hall Ceremony |url=http://www.pasadenanow.com/main/pasadena-salutes-returning-marine-corps-battalion-with-city-hall-ceremony/ |website=www.pasadenanow.com |publisher=Pasadena Now |access-date=23 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190801031459/http://www.pasadenanow.com/main/pasadena-salutes-returning-marine-corps-battalion-with-city-hall-ceremony/ |archive-date=1 August 2019 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

In 2015 two United States Marine Corps [[F/A-18C Hornet]]s made an unscheduled landing at Tainan Air Force Base after one of them developed an engine anomaly in-flight. The aircraft were accommodated in an air force hangar until a C-130 full of American technicians could be flown in to check them out.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Michael Cole |first1=J. |title=US Marine F-18s Land at Taiwan Air Base, Beijing Protests |url=https://thediplomat.com/2015/04/us-marine-f-18s-land-at-taiwan-air-base-beijing-protests/ |website=thediplomat.com |publisher=The Diplomat |access-date=11 November 2020}}</ref>

[[Tsai Ing-wen]]'s request of purchasing weaponry from the US was approved by the [[United States Department of State|US State Department]] in July 2019. The deal includes 108 [[M1 Abrams]] tanks, 250 [[FIM-92 Stinger]] missiles and related equipment worth $2.2 billion.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-48917705|title=US approves $2.2bn Taiwan arms sale despite Chinese ire|newspaper=BBC News|access-date=9 July 2019|date=9 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190709043131/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-48917705|archive-date=9 July 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Tsai said the weaponry would "greatly enhance our land and air capabilities, strengthen military morale and show to the world the US commitment to Taiwan's defense."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2019/07/08/politics/us-arms-sale-taiwan/index.html|title=US approves major arms sale to Taiwan amid trade tensions with Beijing|work=CNN|date=8 July 2019 |access-date=9 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190709004426/https://edition.cnn.com/2019/07/08/politics/us-arms-sale-taiwan/index.html|archive-date=9 July 2019|url-status=live|author-last1=Browne|author-first1=Ryan}}</ref> In May 2020, the U.S. Department of State approved a Foreign Military Sale of 18 MK-48 Mod 6 Advanced Technology Heavy Weight Torpedoes for Taiwan in a deal estimated to cost $180 million.<ref>{{cite web |last1= Defense Security Cooperation Agency | title= Taipei Economic and Cultural Representative Office in the United States (tecro) – MK 48 Mod 6 Advanced Technology (at) Heavy Weight Torpedo (HWT)|url= https://www.dsca.mil/major-arms-sales/taipei-economic-and-cultural-representative-office-united-states-tecro-mk-48-mod-6| website=DSCA |access-date=22 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200923065120/https://www.dsca.mil/major-arms-sales/taipei-economic-and-cultural-representative-office-united-states-tecro-mk-48-mod-6| archive-date=23 September 2020}}</ref>

Elite units of the ROC and American militaries have trained together for a long time, units often have particular relationships for example the [[MPSSC]] trains and engages in exercises with [[United States Army Special Forces]].<ref name="Taiwan News 2020" /> In June 2020 the United States Army Special Forces published a promotional video which included footage of Green Berets training in Taiwan.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Tzu-ti |first1=Huang |title=Rare footage shows joint training of US, Taiwan special forces |url=https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/3955514 |website=www.taiwannews.com.tw |date=29 June 2020 |publisher=Taiwan News |access-date=29 June 2020}}</ref> The ROC Army Aviation and Special Forces Command and the United States Army Special Forces have an annual training exercise called Balance Tamper. The ROC Marines receive training annually from the US Marine Corps’ [[Marine Raider Regiment]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Everington |first1=Keoni |title=US Marines officially training in Taiwan for 1st time since 1979 |url=https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/4049035 |website=www.taiwannews.com.tw |date=9 November 2020 |publisher=Taiwan News |access-date=9 November 2020}}</ref> The United States Air Force supports Taiwan's air force through [[air-to-air refueling]] and training.<ref>{{cite web |title=U.S. makes public photo of refueling of Taiwan's aircraft |url=https://www.ocacnews.net/overseascommunity/article/article_story.jsp?id=262333 |website=www.ocacnews.net |publisher=OCA News |access-date=11 April 2021}}</ref>