Editing Racism (section)

== State-sponsored racism ==
{{Main|Nazism and race|Racial policy of Nazi Germany|Racial antisemitism|Eugenics in Showa Japan|Apartheid in South Africa|Racial segregation in the United States|Ketuanan Melayu|Anti-Chinese legislation in Indonesia|White Australia policy}}

[[State racism]]—the institutions and practices of a nation-state that are grounded in racist ideology—has played a major role in all instances of [[settler colonialism]], from the United States to Australia.{{Citation needed|date=April 2021}} It also played a prominent role in the [[Nazi Germany|Nazi German]] regime, in [[Fascism|fascist]] regimes throughout Europe, and during the early years of Japan's [[Shōwa period]]. These governments advocated and implemented ideologies and policies that were racist, xenophobic, and, in the case of [[Nazism]], genocidal.<ref>{{cite book |first=Edward |last=Russel |title=The Knights of Bushido |date=2002 |page=238}}; {{cite book |last=Bix |first=Herbert |author-link=Herbert Bix |title=[[Hirohito and the making of modern Japan]] |date=2001 |pages=313–314, 326, 359–360}}; {{cite book |last=Wolferen |first=Karel van |author-link=Karel van Wolferen |title=The Enigma of Japanese Power |date=1989 |pages=263–272}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Paulino |first1=Edward |title=Anti-Haitianism, Historical Memory, and the Potential for Genocidal Violence in the Dominican Republic |journal=[[Genocide Studies International]] |date=December 2006 |volume=1 |issue=3 |pages=265–288 |doi=10.3138/7864-3362-3R24-6231 |issn=2291-1847 |eissn=2291-1855 |url=https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/gsp/vol1/iss3/5 }}</ref>

The [[Nuremberg Laws|Nuremberg Race Laws]] of 1935 prohibited sexual relations between any Aryan and Jew, considering it ''[[Rassenschande]]'', "racial pollution". The Nuremberg Laws stripped all Jews, even quarter- and half-Jews (second and first degree ''Mischlings''), of their German citizenship. This meant that they had no basic citizens' rights, e.g., the [[the right to vote|right to vote]]. In 1936, Jews were banned from all professional jobs, effectively preventing them from having any influence in education, politics, higher education, and industry. On 15 November 1938, Jewish children were banned from going to normal schools. By April 1939, nearly all Jewish companies had either collapsed under financial pressure and declining profits, or had been persuaded to sell out to the Nazi government. This further reduced their rights as human beings; they were in many ways officially separated from the German populace. Similar laws existed in Bulgaria ([[Law for protection of the nation|The Law for protection of the nation]]), Hungary, Romania, and Austria.

Legislative state racism is known to have been enforced by the [[National Party (South Africa)|National Party]] of South Africa during its [[Apartheid]] regime between 1948 and 1994. Here, a series of [[Apartheid legislation in South Africa|Apartheid legislation]] was passed through the legal systems to make it legal for white South Africans to have rights which were superior to those of non-white South Africans. Non-white South Africans were not allowed involvement in any governing matters, including voting; access to quality healthcare; the provision of basic services, including clean water; electricity; as well as access to adequate schooling. Non-white South Africans were also prevented from accessing certain public areas, from using certain public transportation, and were required to live only in certain designated areas. Non-white South Africans were taxed differently than white South Africans and they were also required to carry on them at all times additional documentation, which later became known as "dom passes", to certify their non-white South African citizenship. All of these legislative racial laws were abolished through a series of equal [[human rights]] laws which were passed at the end of the Apartheid era in the early 1990s.

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File:WhiteDoorColoredDoor.jpg|Separate "white" and "colored" entrances to a café in [[Durham, North Carolina|North Carolina]], 1940
File:Neurenberger Rassenwetten NL.JPG|1935 Chart from Nazi Germany used to explain the [[Nuremberg Laws]], defining which Germans were to be considered Jews and stripped of their citizenship. Germans with three or more Jewish grandparents were defined as Jews, Germans with one or two Jewish grandparents were deemed ''Mischling'' (mixed-blood).
File:The Chinese Must Go - Magic Washer - 1886 anti-Chinese US cartoon.jpg|19th century [[political cartoon]]: ''[[Uncle Sam]] kicks out the [[Chinaman]]'', referring to the [[Chinese Exclusion Act]]
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