Editing Peru (section)

=== Music ===
{{main|Peruvian music}}
[[File:Marinera Norteña.jpg|thumb|[[Marinera]] Norteña]]

Peruvian music has [[Andean music|Andean]], [[Music of Spain|Spanish]], and [[African Music|African]] roots.<ref>Romero, Raúl (1999). "Andean Peru". In: John Schechter (ed.), ''Music in Latin American culture: regional tradition''. New York: Schirmer Books, pp.&nbsp;385–386.</ref> In pre-Columbian times, musical expressions varied widely in each region; the ''[[quena]]'' and the ''[[tinya]]'' were two common instruments.<ref name="Olsen" /> Spaniards introduced new instruments, such as the guitar and the harp, which led to the development of crossbred instruments like the ''[[charango]]''.<ref name="Turino" /> African contributions to Peruvian music include its rhythms and the ''[[Cajon|cajón]]'', a percussion instrument. [[Peruvian folk dances]] include [[marinera]], [[tondero]], [[zamacueca]], [[diablada]] and [[huayno]].<ref>Romero, Raúl (1985). "La música tradicional y popular". In: Patronato Popular y Porvenir, ''La música en el Perú''. Lima: Industrial Gráfica, pp.&nbsp;pp. 243–245, 261–265.</ref>

Peruvian music is dominated by the national [[Musical instrument|instrument]], the [[charango]]. The charango is a member of the [[lute]] family of instruments and was invented during [[Viceroyalty of Peru|colonial times]] by musicians imitating the Spanish [[vihuela]]. In the Canas and [[Titicaca]] regions, the charango is used in courtship rituals, symbolically invoking mermaids with the instrument to lure the woman to the male performers. Until the 1960s, the charango was denigrated as an instrument of the rural poor. After the revolution in 1959, which built the [[Indigenismo]] movement (1910–1940), the charango was popularized among other performers. Variants include the [[walaycho]], [[chillador]], [[chinlili]], and the larger and lower-tuned [[charangon]].

While the Spanish guitar is widely played, so too is the Spanish-in-origin [[bandurria]]. Unlike the guitar, it has been transformed by Peruvian players over the years, changing from a 12-string, 6-course instrument to one having 12 to 16 strings in a mere four courses. Violins and [[harps]], also of European origin, are also played. A very famous instrument from Peru is the [[Pan flute|pan flute]], dating back to Incan times. It is made of hollow bamboo tubes and is widely played in the Peruvian Andes.