Editing New France (section)

==Aftermath==
{{Main|Canada under British Imperial control|Louisiana (New Spain)|Colonial history of the United States}}

[[File:NorthAmerica1762-83.png|thumb|Map showing British territorial gains following the [[Treaty of Paris (1763)|Treaty of Paris]] in pink, and Spanish territorial gains after the [[Treaty of Fontainebleau (1762)|Treaty of Fontainebleau]] in yellow]]

The expelled [[Acadians]] were initially dispersed across much of eastern North America (including the [[Thirteen Colonies]]) and some were sent to France. Many eventually settled in Quebec or Louisiana, while others returned to the regions of [[New Brunswick]] and [[Nova Scotia]]. [[Chéticamp, Nova Scotia]], and the [[Magdalen Islands#History|Magdalen Islands]] have significant communities. In Louisiana their descendants became known as the [[Cajuns]], a corruption of the French ''Acadiens''.

By the mid-1700s, the [[List of French forts in North America|French settlers were well established]] with a population around 70,000, mainly due to natural increase.<ref name=StatCan2009>{{cite web|title=Estimated population of Canada, 1605 to present |url=http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/98-187-x/4151287-eng.htm|publisher=Statistics Canada|year=2009|access-date=August 26, 2010}}</ref><ref name="Preston2009">{{cite book|author=David L. Preston|title=The Texture of Contact: European and Indian Settler Communities on the Frontiers of Iroquoia, 1667–1783|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L-9N6-6UCnoC&pg=PA43|year=2009|publisher=U of Nebraska Press |isbn=978-0-8032-2549-7|page=43}}</ref> The European population had grown slowly under French rule.<ref name="Powell2009t"/><ref name="Dale2004b">{{cite book|author=Ronald J. Dale|title=The Fall of New France: How the French Lost a North American Empire 1754–1763|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pZmpn3g3UFQC&pg=PR2|year=2004|publisher=James Lorimer & Company|isbn=978-1-55028-840-7|page=2}}</ref><ref name="FindlingThackeray2011">{{cite book|author1=John E. Findling|author2=Frank W. Thackeray|title=What Happened?: An Encyclopedia of Events that Changed America Forever|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K2YSI904ZNsC&pg=PA38|year=2011|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-59884-621-8|page=38}}</ref> The British [[Thirteen Colonies]] to the south along the Atlantic coast grew in population from natural increase and more new settlers from Europe. By 1760, almost 1.6&nbsp;million people lived in the British colonies, a ratio of approximately twenty-three to one compared to New France.<ref name="BogueAnderton2010">{{cite book|author1-link=Donald Bogue|last1=Bogue|first1=Donald J.|last2=Anderton|first2=Douglas L.|last3=Barrett|first3=Richard E. |title=The Population of the United States: 3rd Edition|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=znQhGHnNrrgC&pg=PA6|year=2010|publisher=Simon and Schuster |isbn=978-1-4516-0312-5 |page=6}}</ref> The population of the New England colonies alone in 1760 was nearly 450,000.

French culture and religion remained dominant in most of the former territory of New France until the arrival of British settlers led to the later creation of [[Upper Canada]] (today [[Ontario]]) and [[New Brunswick]]. The [[Louisiana Territory]], under [[Spain|Spanish]] control since the end of the Seven Years' War, remained off-limits to settlement from the thirteen American colonies.

Twelve years after the British defeated the French, the [[American Revolutionary War]] broke out in the Thirteen Colonies. Many French Canadians would take part in the war, including Major [[Clément Gosselin]] and Admiral [[Louis-Philippe de Vaudreuil]]. After the British surrender at [[Battle of Yorktown (1781)|Yorktown]] in 1781, the [[Treaty of Versailles (1783)|Treaty of Versailles]] gave all former British claims in New France below the [[Great Lakes]] into the possession of the nascent [[United States]]. A Franco-Spanish alliance treaty returned Louisiana to France in 1801, but French leader [[Napoleon Bonaparte]] sold it to the United States in the [[Louisiana Purchase]] in 1803, ending French colonial efforts in North America.

The portions of the former New France that remained under British rule were administered as [[Upper Canada]] and [[Lower Canada]], 1791–1841, and then those regions were merged as the [[Province of Canada]] during 1841–1867, when the passage of the [[British North America Act 1867]] instituted [[home rule]] for most of British North America and established French-speaking Quebec (the former Lower Canada) as one of the original provinces of the [[Confederation of Canada|Dominion of Canada]]. The former French colony of Acadia was first designated the [[Colony of Nova Scotia]] but shortly thereafter the [[Colony of New Brunswick]], which then included Prince Edward Island, was split off from it.

In Canada, the legacy of New France can be seen in the enduring [[Canadian identity#French Canadians and Identity in English Canada|Francophone identity]] of its descendants, which has led to [[Bilingualism in Canada|institutional bilingualism]] in Canada as a whole.

The only remnant of the former colonial territory of New France that remains under French control to this day is the French [[overseas collectivity]] of [[Saint Pierre and Miquelon]] (French: Collectivité territoriale de Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon), consisting of a group of small islands {{convert|25|km|mi nmi}} off the coast of [[Newfoundland and Labrador|Newfoundland]], Canada.