Editing LGBTQ people and Islam (section)

====''Sexual Ethics and Islam''====
[[Kecia Ali]] in her 2016 book ''Sexual Ethics and Islam'' says that "there is no one Muslim perspective on anything." Regarding the Quran, Ali says that modern scholars disagree about what it says about "same-sex intimacy". Some scholars argue that "the Qur'an does not address homosexuality or homosexuals explicitly."<ref name=ali>{{cite book|author=Kecia Ali|title=Sexual Ethics and Islam: Feminist Reflections on Qur'an, Hadith and Jurisprudence|publisher=Oneworld Publications|edition=Exp Rev|date=2016}}</ref>{{rp|xvi, 103}}

Regarding homosexuality, Ali says the belief that "exclusively homosexual desire is innate in some individuals" has been adopted "even among some relatively conservative Western Muslim thinkers." 100 Homosexual Muslims believe their homosexuality to be innate and view "their sexual orientation as God-given and immutable." She observes that "queer and trans people are sometimes treated as defective or deviant", and adds that it is "vital not to assume that variation implies imperfection or disability."<ref name=ali/>{{rp|100, 123, 206}}

Regarding "medieval Muslim culture", Ali says that "male desire to penetrate desirable youth ... was perfectly normal." Even if same-sex relations were not lawful, there was "an unwillingness to seek out and condemn instances of same-sex activity, but rather to let them pass by ... unpunished."<ref name=ali/>{{rp|105–106}} Ali states that some scholars claim that Islamic societies were 'homosexual-friendly' in history.<ref name=ali/>{{rp|100}}

In her article "Same-sex Sexual Activity and Lesbian and Bisexual Women", Ali elaborates on homosexuality as an aspect of medieval Muslim culture. She says that "same-sex sexual expression has been a more or less recognized aspect of Muslim societies for many centuries." There are many explicit discussions of "same-sex sexual activity" in medieval Arabic literature.<ref name="brandeis.edu">{{cite web|url=https://www.brandeis.edu/projects/fse/muslim/same-sex.html|author=Kecia Ali|title=Same-sex Sexual Activity and Lesbian and Bisexual Women|access-date=1 October 2016|date=2002|archive-date=30 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160730094550/http://www.brandeis.edu/projects/fse/muslim/same-sex.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Ali states there is a lack of focus in medieval tradition on female same-sex sexual activity, where the Qur'an mainly focuses male/male sex. With female same-sex sexual activity there is more focus on the punishment for the acts and the complications with the dower, compared to men where there is a focus on punishment but also the need for ablutions and the effect of the act on possible marriage decisions.<ref name=ali/>{{rp|101}}