Editing Jewish philosophy (section)

== Renaissance Jewish philosophy and philosophers ==
[[File:OttomanEmpireIn1683.png|thumb|200px|right|[[History of the Jews in Turkey#Ottoman era|Ottoman Empire welcomed Jews expelled from Spain & Portugal]]]]
Some of the Monarchies of Asia Minor and European welcomed expelled Jewish Merchants, scholars and theologians.  Divergent Jewish philosophies evolved against the backdrop of new cultures, new languages and renewed theological exchange. Philosophic  exploration continued through the [[Renaissance]] period as the center-of-mass of Jewish Scholarship shifted to France, Germany, Italy, and Turkey.

=== Elias ben Moise del Medigo ===
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| label=[[Republic of Venice|Candia]]
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}}[[Elia del Medigo]] was a descendant of ''[[Judah ben Eliezer ha-Levi Minz]]'' and ''[[Moses ben Isaac ha-Levi Minz]]''.  Eli'ezer del Medigo, of Rome, received the surname "Del Medigo" after studying medicine.  The name was later changed from ''Del Medigo'' to ''Ha-rofeh''. He was the father and teacher of a long line of rationalist philosophers and scholars.  Non-Jewish students of Delmedigo classified him as an "Averroist", however, he saw himself as a follower of Maimonides. Scholastic association of Maimonides and Ibn Rushd would have been a natural one; Maimonides, towards the end of his life, was impressed with the Ibn Rushd commentaries and recommended them to his students. The followers of Maimonides (Maimonideans) had therefore been, for several generations before Delmedigo, the leading users, translators and disseminators of the works of Ibn Rushd in Jewish circles, and advocates for Ibn Rushd even after Islamic rejection of his radical views. Maimonideans regarded Maimonides and Ibn Rushd as following the same general line.  In his book, Delmedigo portrays himself as defender of Maimonidean Judaism, and — like many Maimonideans — he emphasized the rationality of Jewish tradition.
{{Location map many | Greece
|caption= Thessaloniki in modern [[Greece]]
| label=[[History of the Jews of Thessaloniki|Salonika]], [[Ottoman Empire]]
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=== Moses Almosnino ===
[[Moses Almosnino]] was born [[Thessaloniki]] 1515 - died Constantinople abt 1580. He was a student of [[Levi Ibn Chaviv|Levi Ibn Habib]], who was in turn a student of [[Jacob ibn Habib]], who was, in turn, a student of [[Nissim ben Reuben]]. In 1570 he wrote a commentary on the Pentateuch titled "''Yede Mosheh''" (The Hands of Moses); also an exposition of the Talmudical treatise "''Abot''" (Ethics of the Fathers), published in Salonica in 1563; and a collection of sermons delivered upon various occasions, particularly funeral orations, entitled "''Meammeẓ Koaḥ''" (Re-enforcing Strength).

al-Ghazâlî's ''Intentions of the Philosophers'' (''De'ôt ha-Fîlôsôfîm or Kavvanôt ha-Fîlôsôfîm'') was one of the most widespread philosophical texts studied among Jews in Europe having been translated in 1292 by [[Isaac Albalag]].<ref>Steinschneider 1893, 1:296–311; Harvey 2001</ref>  Later Hebrew commentators include Moses Narboni, and Moses Almosnino.

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|caption= Padua & Verona in modern [[Italy]]
| label=[[History of the Jews in Italy#Refugees from Spain|Padua]] & [[History of the Jews in Italy#Refugees from Spain|Verona]], [[History of the Republic of Venice#15th century|Republic of Venice]]
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| lat=45.416 | long= 11.866
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}}

=== Moses ben Jehiel Ha-Kohen Porto-Rafa (Rapaport) ===
Moses ben Jehiel Ha-Kohen Porto-Rafa (Rapaport), was a member of the German family "Rafa" (from whom the Delmedigo family originates) that settled in the town of Porto in the vicinity of Verona, Italy, and became the progenitors of the renowned Rapaport rabbinic family. In 1602 Moses served as rabbi of Badia Polesine in Piedmont. Moses was a friend of [[Leon Modena]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/judaica/ejud_0002_0016_0_16007.html |title=Porto-Rafa (Rapaport), Moses ben Jehiel Ha-Kohen |publisher=Jewishvirtuallibrary.org |access-date=2012-10-22}}</ref>

=== Abraham ben Judah ha-Levi Minz ===
Abraham ben Judah ha-Levi Minz was an Italian rabbi who flourished at Padua in the first half of the 16th century, father-in-law of Meïr Katzenellenbogen. Minz studied chiefly under his father, Judah Minz, whom he succeeded as rabbi and head of the yeshiva of Padua.

=== Meir ben Isaac Katzellenbogen ===
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|caption= Location of Mainz in modern [[Germany]]
| label=[[Mainz]] - [[Katzenelnbogen]], [[Germany]]
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}}
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|caption= Location of Prague in modern [[Czech Republic]]
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}}
Meir ben Isaac Katzellenbogen was born in Prague where together with [[Shalom Shachna]] he studied under [[Jacob Pollak]]. Many rabbis, including Moses Isserles, addressed him in their responsa as the ''"av bet din of the republic of Venice."'' The great scholars of the Renaissance with whom he corresponded include ''Shmuel ben Moshe di Modena'', ''Joseph Katz'', ''[[Solomon Luria]]'', ''[[Moses Isserles]]'', ''[[Obadiah Sforno]]'', and ''[[Moses Alashkar]]''.
{{Location map many | Poland
|caption= Lublin & Chelm in modern [[Poland]]
| label=[[Lublin]]/[[Chelm]], [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth|Poland-Lithuania]]
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}}

=== Elijah Ba'al Shem of Chelm ===
Rabbi [[Elijah Ba'al Shem of Chelm]] was a student of Rabbi [[Solomon Luria]] who was, in turn a student of Rabbi [[Shalom Shachna]] - father-in-law and teacher of [[Moses Isserles]]. [[Elijah Ba'al Shem of Chelm]] was also a cousin of [[Moses Isserles]].

=== Eliezer ben Elijah Ashkenazi ===
Rabbi [[Eliezer ben Elijah Ashkenazi]] Ha-rofeh Ashkenazi of Nicosia ("the physician")  the author of ''Yosif Lekah'' on the Book of Esther.

=== Other notable Renaissance Jewish philosophers ===
* [[Francisco Sanches]]
* [[Miguel de Barrios]]
* [[Uriel da Costa]]