Editing Islamic philosophy (section)

===Eschatology===
{{Main|Islamic eschatology}}
Islamic [[eschatology]] is concerned with the ''[[Qiyamah]]'' ([[Eschatology|end of the world]]; [[Last Judgement]]) and the [[Last Judgment|final judgement of humanity]]. [[Eschatology]] relates to one of the six articles of faith (''[[aqidah]]'') of Islam. Like the other [[Abrahamic religion]]s, Islam teaches the bodily [[resurrection]] of the dead, the fulfillment of a divine plan for creation, and the immortality of the human soul (though Jews do not necessarily view the soul as eternal); the righteous are rewarded with the pleasures of ''[[Jannah]]'' ([[Heaven]]), while the unrighteous are punished in ''[[Jahannam]]'' ([[Hell#Islam|Hell]]). A significant fraction (one third, in fact) of the Quran deals with these beliefs, with many ''[[hadith]]'' elaborating on the themes and details. Islamic apocalyptic literature describing the Armageddon is often known as ''[[Fitna (word)|fitna]]'' (a test) and ''malahim'' (or ''ghayba'' in the [[Shi'a]] tradition).

[[Ibn al-Nafis]] dealt with Islamic eschatology in some depth in his ''[[Theologus Autodidactus]]'', where he [[Rationality|rationalized]] the Islamic view of eschatology using reason and [[Islamic science|science]] to explain the events that would occur according to Islamic eschatology. He presented his rational and scientific arguments in the form of [[Arabic literature|Arabic fiction]], hence his ''Theologus Autodidactus'' may be considered the earliest [[science fiction]] work.<ref name="Ibn al-Nafis As a Philosopher">Dr. Abu Shadi Al-Roubi (1982), "Ibn Al-Nafis as a philosopher", ''Symposium on Ibn al-Nafis'', Second International Conference on Islamic Medicine: Islamic Medical Organization, Kuwait ([[cf.]] [http://www.islamset.com/isc/nafis/drroubi.html Ibn al-Nafis As a Philosopher] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080206072116/http://www.islamset.com/isc/nafis/drroubi.html |date=2008-02-06 }}, ''Encyclopedia of Islamic World'').</ref>