Editing History of Peru (section)

===Radical military reform (1968–1980)===
{{main|Revolutionary Government of the Armed Forces of Peru}}
After a crisis involving the missing last page of a document signed between the Peruvian government and the [[International Petroleum Company]], General [[Juan Velasco Alvarado]] overthrew elected President [[Fernando Belaúnde Terry]] in a [[1968 Peruvian coup d'état|successful coup d'état]] in 1968. As part of what has been called the "first phase" of the [[Revolutionary Government of the Armed Forces of Peru|military government]]'s nationalist program, Velasco undertook an extensive [[Agrarian bonds in Peru|agrarian reform]] program and nationalized the fish meal industry, some petroleum companies, and several banks and mining firms. The Velasco administration saw its worst moment during the ''[[Limazo]]'', a period of civil unrest and rioting in Lima after a strike carried out by members of the [[Civil Guard (Peru)|Civil Guard]] and the [[Republican Guard (Peru)|Republican Guard]].

In 1971, the country celebrated its [[Sesquicentennial of the Independence of Peru|150th anniversary]] since its independence. As a result, the Revolutionary Government established the ''National Commission for the Sesquicentennial of the Independence of Peru'' ({{langx|es|Comisión Nacional del Sesquicentenario de la Independencia del Perú (CNSIP)}}) to manage the celebrations.<ref>{{Cite journal |title=El sesquicentenario de la independencia del Perú |journal=Argumentos |url=http://argumentos-historico.iep.org.pe/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/Loayza-A.-2019-El-sesquicentenario-de-la-independencia-del-Perú.pdf |last=Loayza Pérez |first=Alex |date=2019-09-01 |issue=2}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://sesquicentenario.bnp.gob.pe/#/ |title=Sesquicentenario de la Independencia del Perú |website=[[National Library of Peru]] |access-date=2023-01-22 |archive-date=2022-12-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221219030849/https://sesquicentenario.bnp.gob.pe/#/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

General [[Francisco Morales Bermúdez]] [[Tacnazo|overthrew]] Velasco in 1975,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-07-17 |title=Francisco Morales Bermúdez: del "Tacnazo" en 1975 a la transición hacia la democracia en 1980 - Caretas Blanco y Negro |url=https://caretas.pe/blanco-y-negro/francisco-morales-bermudez-del-tacnazo-en-1975-a-la-transicion-hacia-la-democracia-en-1980/ |access-date=2022-07-18 |website=Caretas |language=es |archive-date=2022-07-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220717033009/https://caretas.pe/blanco-y-negro/francisco-morales-bermudez-del-tacnazo-en-1975-a-la-transicion-hacia-la-democracia-en-1980/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Alzada |first=Mano |date=2018-07-23 |title=Dictador Morales Bermúdez, condenado por el Plan Cóndor, presentó libro en la FIL Lima 2018 |url=https://manoalzada.pe/cultura/dictador-morales-bermudez-condenado-por-el-plan-condor-presento-libro-en-la-fil-lima-2018 |access-date=2022-07-18 |website=Mano Alzada |language=es-PE}}</ref> citing Velasco's economic mismanagement and deteriorating health.<ref>{{Cite news |last=EFE |date=1976-07-28 |title=Velasco Alvarado, ex presidente del Perú, gravemente enfermo |language=es |work=El País |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1976/07/29/internacional/207439202_850215.html |access-date=2022-07-18 |issn=1134-6582}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Pigna |first=Felipe |date=2018-07-31 |title=Juan Velasco Alvarado y la revolución peruana de 1968 |url=https://www.elhistoriador.com.ar/juan-velasco-alvarado-y-la-revolucion-peruana-de-1968/ |access-date=2022-07-18 |website=El Historiador |language=es}}</ref> Morales Bermúdez moved the revolution into a more conservative "second phase", tempering the radical measures of the first phase and beginning the task of restoring the country's economy. A constitutional assembly was created in 1979, which was led by [[Víctor Raúl Haya de la Torre]]. Morales Bermúdez presided over the return to civilian government in accordance with a new constitution drawn up in 1979, calling a [[1980 Peruvian general election|general election]] in 1980.<ref>{{Cite web |last=GrupoRPP |date=2011-08-02 |title=La historia de la Constitución de 1979 contada por Morales Bermúdez |url=https://rpp.pe/politica/actualidad/la-historia-de-la-constitucion-de-1979-contada-por-morales-bermudez-noticia-390272 |access-date=2022-07-18 |website=RPP |language=es}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=CONSTITUCION POLITICA DEL PERU 1979 |url=https://www4.congreso.gob.pe/comisiones/1999/simplificacion/const/1979.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030304034357/http://www.congreso.gob.pe/comisiones/1999/simplificacion/const/1979.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=March 4, 2003 |access-date=2022-07-18 |website=www4.congreso.gob.pe }}</ref>