Editing History of Indonesia (section)

===Forest and plantation fires===
{{See also|Southeast Asian haze|1997 Southeast Asian haze|2015 Southeast Asian haze}}

Since 1997 Indonesia has been struggling to contain forest fires, especially on the islands of [[Sumatra]] and [[Kalimantan]]. Haze occurs annually during the [[dry season]] and is largely caused by illegal agricultural fires due to [[slash-and-burn]] practices in Indonesia, especially in the provinces of [[South Sumatra]] and [[Riau]] on Indonesia's [[Sumatra]] island, and [[Kalimantan]] on Indonesian [[Borneo]].<ref name=SOB>{{cite web|url= http://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/minister-blasts-execs-of-firm-that-denied-burning-forest |title=Minister blasts execs of firm that denied burning forest|first1=Wahyudi|last1=Soeriaatmadja|work=[[The Straits Times]] |date=13 October 2015|access-date=13 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151013022700/http://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/minister-blasts-execs-of-firm-that-denied-burning-forest|archive-date=13 October 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Indonesia haze: Why do forests keep burning?|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-34265922|work=[[BBC News]]|date=16 September 2019|access-date=21 June 2018|archive-date=3 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151003010304/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-34265922|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Southeast Asia's haze: what's behind the annual outbreaks?|url=https://www.asiaone.com/singapore/southeast-asias-haze-whats-behind-annual-outbreaks|agency=[[Agence France-Presse|AFP]]|work=AsiaOne|date=17 September 2015|access-date=15 January 2020|archive-date=15 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200115222927/https://www.asiaone.com/singapore/southeast-asias-haze-whats-behind-annual-outbreaks|url-status=live}}</ref> The haze that occurred in [[1997 Southeast Asian haze|1997]] was one of the most severe; dense hazes occurred again in [[2005 Malaysian haze|2005]], [[2006 Southeast Asian haze|2006]], [[2009 Southeast Asian haze|2009]], [[2013 Southeast Asian haze|2013]], and the worst was in [[2015 Southeast Asian haze|2015]], killing dozens of Indonesians as a result of respiratory illnesses and road accidents due to poor visibility. Another 10 people were killed due to smog from forest and land fires.<ref>{{cite news|title=Haze kills 10 people, leaves 503,874 with respiratory ailments: Agency|url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2015/10/24/haze-kills-10-people-leaves-503874-with-respiratory-ailments-agency.html|access-date=16 January 2017|work=The Jakarta Post|date=24 October 2015|archive-date=14 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171114201156/http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2015/10/24/haze-kills-10-people-leaves-503874-with-respiratory-ailments-agency.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.okezone.com/read/2015/09/18/340/1217052/gara-gara-kabut-asap-biker-tewas-tabrak-mobil-pemadam|title=Gara-Gara Kabut Asap, Biker Tewas Tabrak Mobil Pemadam|language=id|author=Banda Haruddin Tanjung|publisher=Okezone|date=18 September 2015|access-date=18 September 2015|archive-date=21 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150921053940/http://news.okezone.com/read/2015/09/18/340/1217052/gara-gara-kabut-asap-biker-tewas-tabrak-mobil-pemadam|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.balikpapanpos.co.id/berita/detail/173903-akibat-kabut-asap-dua-tewas.html |title=Akibat Kabut Asap, Dua Tewas (Laka Tunggal, Tabrak Tiang Listrik)|language=id|publisher= Balikpapan Pos|date=29 September 2015 |access-date= 29 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151008165216/http://www.balikpapanpos.co.id/berita/detail/173903-akibat-kabut-asap-dua-tewas.html |archive-date=8 October 2015|url-status=usurped}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.liputan6.com/read/2317496/tewas-akibat-tercekik-asap|title=Tewas Akibat 'Tercekik' Asap|language=id|author=Bangun Santoso|publisher=Liputan 6|date=14 September 2015|access-date=14 September 2015|archive-date=15 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150915140731/http://news.liputan6.com/read/2317496/tewas-akibat-tercekik-asap|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite AV media|url=http://video.metrotvnews.com/play/2015/10/04/437506/ini-daftar-korban-tewas-akibat-kabut-asap |title=Ini Daftar Korban Tewas Akibat Kabut Asap|author=AMS |language=id|medium=video|time=10:24|publisher= Metro TV News|date=4 October 2015|access-date=6 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151006071337/http://video.metrotvnews.com/play/2015/10/04/437506/ini-daftar-korban-tewas-akibat-kabut-asap|archive-date=6 October 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In September 2014, Indonesia ratified the [[ASEAN Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution]], becoming the last ASEAN country to do so.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.menlh.go.id/indonesia-meratifikasi-undang-undang-tentang-pengesahan-asean-agreement-on-transboundary-haze-pollution-persetujuan-asean-tentang-pencemaran-asap-lintas-batas/|title=Indonesia Meratifikasi Undang-Undang Tentang Pengesahan Asean Agreement On Transboundary Haze Pollution (Persetujuan Asean Tentang Pencemaran Asap Lintas Batas)|language=id|publisher=Ministry of Environment, Indonesia|access-date=16 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150920063146/http://www.menlh.go.id/indonesia-meratifikasi-undang-undang-tentang-pengesahan-asean-agreement-on-transboundary-haze-pollution-persetujuan-asean-tentang-pencemaran-asap-lintas-batas/|archive-date=20 September 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>