Editing Foreign relations of Taiwan (section)

===Europe===
====Belgium====
In 2020, Belgium's [[Chamber of Representatives (Belgium)|Chamber of Representatives]] passed a resolution of support for Taiwan. In 2021, the [[Flemish Parliament]] did the same passing a resolution in support of Taiwan with 117 votes in favor, no votes in opposition, and four abstentions.<ref>{{cite web |last1=McCartney |first1=Micah |title=Flemish Parliament throws support behind Taiwan |url=https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/4142176 |website=www.taiwannews.com.tw |date=4 March 2021 |publisher=Taiwan News |access-date=4 March 2021 |archive-date=4 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304111555/https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/4142176 |url-status=live }}</ref> Flemish wind power companies [[Jan De Nul]] and [[DEME]] are involved in offshore wind farm development in Taiwan.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Pei-chun |first1=Tang |last2=Yu-chen |first2=Chung |last3=Lim |first3=Emerson |title=Flemish parliament passes resolution to strengthen ties with Taiwan |url=https://focustaiwan.tw/politics/202103040007 |website=focustaiwan.tw |date=4 March 2021 |publisher=Focus Taiwan |access-date=4 March 2021 |archive-date=4 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304081056/https://focustaiwan.tw/politics/202103040007 |url-status=live }}</ref>

====Czechia====
{{Main|Czech Republic–Taiwan relations}}

Relations between Czechia and Taiwan are significant. [[Jaroslav Kubera]], [[President of the Senate of the Czech Republic]], planned a visit to Taipei prior to his death, prompting threats of retaliation from [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (China)|China's Ministry of Foreign Affairs]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-czech-taiwan/china-threatened-to-harm-czech-companies-over-taiwan-visit-letter-idUSKBN20D0G3 |publisher=[[Reuters]] |title=China threatened to harm Czech companies over Taiwan visit: letter |date=February 19, 2020 |first1=Raphael |last1=Satter |first2=Nick |last2=Carey |editor-first=Raju |editor-last=Gopalakrishnan |editor2-first=Helen |editor2-last=Popper |access-date=February 19, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200219194743/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-czech-taiwan/china-threatened-to-harm-czech-companies-over-taiwan-visit-letter-idUSKBN20D0G3 |archive-date=February 19, 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> Kubera's successor, [[Miloš Vystrčil]], however, led a delegation to Taiwan that arrived in Taipei on August 31, 2020.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-czech-china-taiwan/czech-president-tries-to-tamp-down-china-anger-after-speakers-taiwan-trip-idUSKBN25X0I2 |publisher=[[Reuters]] |title=Czech president tries to tamp down China anger after speaker's Taiwan trip |date=2020-09-06 |access-date=2020-09-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200908134622/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-czech-china-taiwan/czech-president-tries-to-tamp-down-china-anger-after-speakers-taiwan-trip-idUSKBN25X0I2 |archive-date=2020-09-08 |url-status=live }}</ref>

====Denmark====
{{Main|Denmark–Taiwan relations}}

On 9 January 1950, Denmark became one of the first European countries to recognize the PRC.<ref>{{cite news|author=Christopher Bo Bramsen|title=Peace and friendship: Denmark's official relations with China, 1674–2000|year=2000|publisher=NIAS Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NiW-uogYXQMC&pg=PA6|isbn=8787062828|access-date=2011-01-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121008204712/http://books.google.dk/books?id=NiW-uogYXQMC&pg=PA6&dq=&hl=da&ei=_rVBTbzHMcWAOtXa4bEB&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CDgQ6AEwAQ|archive-date=2012-10-08|url-status=live}}</ref> While Denmark has continued to maintain unofficial relations with the ROC ever since, they have primarily been related to trade, culture, science and economic affairs.<ref>{{cite news |author=Mads Kirkebæk|title=China and Denmark: relations since 1674
|quote=Trade and Economic Relations between Denmark and Taiwan 1949–1997|year=2000|publisher=NIAS Press
|isbn=8787062712}}<!--|access-date=2010-12-09--></ref>

====Estonia====
{{Main|Estonia–Taiwan relations}}

[[Estonia]] and Taiwan maintain informal relations, with cultural and economic exchanges despite lacking formal diplomatic ties. Taiwan is represented in Estonia through the [[Taipei Mission in the Republic of Latvia|Taipei Mission in Latvia]]. In recent years, Estonia has shown increasing support for Taiwan, notably through reciprocal diplomatic delegations and openness towards a possible Taiwanese representative office in [[Tallinn]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-10 |title=Estonia will let Taiwan open Tallinn office, despite China warnings |url=https://www.euronews.com/2023/11/10/estonia-ready-to-let-taiwan-open-tallinn-office-despite-china-warnings |access-date=2025-02-22 |website=euronews |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-07 |title=Push being made for Taiwan office in Tallinn: Estonian lawmaker – Focus Taiwan |url=https://focustaiwan.tw/politics/202403070012 |access-date=2025-02-22 |website=Focus Taiwan – CNA English News |language=en-US}}</ref> Both nations have cooperated in areas like trade and crisis management, with notable contributions such as Taiwan's donations to Estonia during the [[COVID-19 pandemic]] and the [[Ukrainian refugee crisis]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Meiessaar |first=Maris |date=2025-02-05 |title=Vaga: Estonia donates 1.11 million medical masks to Ukraine in cooperation with Taiwan |url=https://www.riigikogu.ee/en/press-releases/others/vaga-estonia-donates-1-11-million-medical-masks-to-ukraine-in-cooperation-with-taiwan/ |access-date=2025-02-22 |website=Riigikogu |language=en-US |archive-date=8 February 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250208092041/https://www.riigikogu.ee/en/press-releases/others/vaga-estonia-donates-1-11-million-medical-masks-to-ukraine-in-cooperation-with-taiwan/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

====European Union====
{{Main|Taiwan–European Union relations}}

The [[European Union]] has emphasized human rights in its relations with Taiwan.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://eeas.europa.eu/delegations/taiwan/key_eu_policies/human_rights/index_en.htm |title=European Union – EEAS (European External Action Service) &#124; Human Rights |publisher=Europa (web portal) |access-date=25 April 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130429070721/http://eeas.europa.eu/delegations/taiwan/key_eu_policies/human_rights/index_en.htm |archive-date=29 April 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> It is the largest source of [[foreign direct investment]] to Taiwan.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.taiwanembassy.org/public/Attachment/391216575571.pdf |title=Trade and Investment Relations between Taiwan and the EU |access-date=28 June 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140911002123/http://www.taiwanembassy.org/public/Attachment/391216575571.pdf |archive-date=11 September 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.chinapost.com.tw/editorial/taiwan-issues/2014/05/19/407984/Europe-Taiwan-partnership.htm |title=Europe-Taiwan partnership to inspire prosperity, stability |newspaper=[[The China Post]] |access-date=22 December 2016 |archive-date=8 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160808025959/http://www.chinapost.com.tw/editorial/taiwan-issues/2014/05/19/407984/Europe-Taiwan-partnership.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[European Union]] has unofficial relations<ref>{{cite web |url=http://eeas.europa.eu/taiwan/index_en.htm |title=European Union – EEAS (European External Action Service) &#124; EU and ROC |publisher=Europa (web portal) |access-date=25 April 2013 |archive-date=10 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130510125414/http://eeas.europa.eu/taiwan/index_en.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> with Taiwan through the [[European Economic and Trade Office]], which was opened on 10 March 2003.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.taiwanembassy.org/BE/ct.asp?xItem%3D80426%26CtNode%3D460%26mp%3D102%26xp1%3D |title=Taiwan–EU relations |access-date=31 October 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141031180607/http://www.taiwanembassy.org/BE/ct.asp?xItem=80426&CtNode=460&mp=102&xp1= |archive-date=31 October 2014}}</ref> Taipei is one of the major trading partners via the [[European Free Trade Association]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.efta.int/~/media/files/publications/this-is-efta/this-is-efta-2012.pdf |title=2469-THIS-IS-EFTA-2012-06:1897-THIS-IS-EFTA-24 |access-date=25 April 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130120223451/http://efta.int/~/media/Files/Publications/this-is-efta/this-is-EFTA-2012.pdf |archive-date=20 January 2013}}</ref> and a trading partner with the [[Eurozone]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ecb.int/mopo/eaec/trade/html/index.en.html |title=ECB: External trade |publisher=European Central Bank |access-date=25 April 2013 |archive-date=11 March 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130311115652/http://www.ecb.int/mopo/eaec/trade/html/index.en.html |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Taiwanese passport]] holders with a listed [[National Identification Card (Taiwan)|identity card number]] do not require a [[Schengen visa]] to visit the [[Schengen Area]]; reciprocally, the ROC has also eliminated visa requirements for citizens of all EU countries.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://origin-www.roc-taiwan.org/portalOfDiplomaticMission_tc.html#ALL|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141031051536/http://www.roc-taiwan.org/NO/ct.asp?xItem=176532&ctNode=6878&mp=517&nowPage=1&pagesize=45|url-status=dead |script-title=zh:中華民國駐外單位聯合網站|archive-date=31 October 2014|website=origin-www.roc-taiwan.org| title= }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/pressroom/content/20101110IPR93914/html/MEPs-back-visa-waiver-for-Taiwan |title=MEPs back visa waiver for Taiwan |date=11 November 2010 |publisher=European Parliament |access-date=25 April 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://eeas.europa.eu/delegations/taiwan/documents/news/schengen_entry_press_release_en.pdf |title=Press Release : Visits to the Schengen area: reminder |publisher=Europa (web portal) |access-date=15 November 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141031052416/http://eeas.europa.eu/delegations/taiwan/documents/news/schengen_entry_press_release_en.pdf |archive-date=31 October 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref> EU-Taiwan relations were debated in the [[European Parliament]].<ref>{{cite web |author=cs – čeština |url=http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?type=CRE&reference=20110926&secondRef=ITEM-018&format=XML&language=EN |title=Debates – Monday, 26 September 2011 – EU-Taiwan trade (debate) |publisher=European Parliament |date=26 September 2011 |access-date=25 April 2013 |archive-date=7 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141107155643/http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?type=CRE&reference=20110926&secondRef=ITEM-018&format=XML&language=EN |url-status=live }}</ref> Sixteen EU member states have established offices in Taipei, along with some functional offices.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://eeas.europa.eu/delegations/taiwan/eu_taiwan/eu_in_taiwan/index_en.htm |title=European Union – EEAS (European External Action Service) &#124; EU Presence in Taiwan |publisher=Europa (web portal) |date=29 May 2012 |access-date=25 April 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140721170208/http://eeas.europa.eu/delegations/taiwan/eu_taiwan/eu_in_taiwan/index_en.htm |archive-date=21 July 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Taipei Representative Office in the EU and Belgium is the unofficial diplomatic representation of Taiwan in the EU.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.taiwanembassy.org/be/mp.asp?mp=102 |title=Portal of Republic of China (Taiwan) Diplomatic Missions |publisher=Taiwanembassy.org |access-date=15 November 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020033951/http://www.taiwanembassy.org/be/mp.asp?mp=102 |archive-date=20 October 2013 }}</ref> Chinese Taipei is an observer<ref>{{cite report |url=http://www.oecd.org/countries/chinesetaipei/ |title=Chinese Taipei – Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development |doi=10.1787/5kgcf71l188x-en |publisher=Oecd.org |access-date=15 November 2013 |series=OECD Trade and Environment Working Papers |year=2011 |archive-date=7 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130607030144/http://www.oecd.org/countries/chinesetaipei/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oecd.org/trade/topics/trade-facilitation/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150508220941/http://www.oecd.org/tad/facilitation/Chinese-Taipei_OECD-Trade-Facilitation-Indicators.pdf|url-status=dead|title=Trade Facilitation – OECD|archive-date=8 May 2015|website=oecd.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |url=http://www.keepeek.com/Digital-Asset-Management/oecd/governance/country-review_clp-10-5kmjlgt6j0wj |title=Country Review: Chinese Taipei &#124; OECD READ edition |language=fr |doi=10.1787/clp-10-5kmjlgt6j0wj |journal=OECD Journal: Competition Law and Policy |publisher=Keepeek.com |date=9 February 2006 |access-date=15 November 2013 |archive-date=28 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130628044548/http://www.keepeek.com/Digital-Asset-Management/oecd/governance/country-review_clp-10-5kmjlgt6j0wj |url-status=live }}</ref> in the [[OECD]], which is headquartered in Paris, France. ROC's Civil Service Protection and Training Commission (CSPTC) and the Belgian Training Institute of the Federal Administration (TIFA) signed Memorandum of Understanding on 7 November 2014 for workshop attendance of [[public servants]] that highlighted leadership, innovation and conflict management, as well as global competitiveness strategies in [[Brussels]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mofa.gov.tw/News_Content.aspx?n=8742DCE7A2A28761&s=70A55789EB0B042E |script-title=zh:中華民國國家文官學院與比利時聯邦行政訓練學院簽署文官培訓及研究瞭解備忘錄 – 最新消息 |publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of China (Taiwan) |access-date=21 February 2015 |archive-date=18 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141218190647/http://www.mofa.gov.tw/News_Content.aspx?n=8742DCE7A2A28761&s=70A55789EB0B042E |url-status=live }}</ref> The EU rejects granting [[Mainland China]] [[market economy status]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.euractiv.com/section/trade-society/news/eu-lawmakers-reject-granting-china-the-market-economy-status/|title=EU lawmakers reject granting China the market economy status|website=EURACTIV.com|date=12 May 2016|access-date=14 July 2017|archive-date=24 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170524152817/http://www.euractiv.com/section/trade-society/news/eu-lawmakers-reject-granting-china-the-market-economy-status/|url-status=live}}</ref>

====Germany====
{{Main|Germany–Taiwan relations}}

In January 2021 the German government appealed to the Taiwanese government to help persuade Taiwanese semiconductor companies to ramp up production as a global semiconductor shortage was hampering the German economy's recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic. A lack of semiconductors had caused vehicle production lines to be idled leading German Economy Minister [[Peter Altmaier]] to personally reach out to Taiwan's economics affairs minister [[Wang Mei-hua]] in an attempt to get Taiwanese semiconductor companies to increase their manufacturing capacity.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Nienaber |first1=Michael |title=Germany urges Taiwan to help ease auto chip shortage |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-taiwan-autos-chips/germany-urges-taiwan-to-help-ease-auto-chip-shortage-idUSKBN29T04V |website=www.reuters.com |date=24 January 2021 |agency=Reuters |access-date=25 January 2021 |archive-date=25 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125032127/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-taiwan-autos-chips/germany-urges-taiwan-to-help-ease-auto-chip-shortage-idUSKBN29T04V |url-status=live }}</ref>

====Holy See (Vatican City)====
{{Main|Holy See–Taiwan relations}}

Diplomatic relations between the Holy See (Vatican City) and the Republic of China were established on 23 October 1942<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.catholic.org.tw/en/Latest/latest045Diplomatic.html|title=Thanksgiving: 70th Anniv of Diplomatic Ties|website=www.catholic.org.tw}}</ref> and, with the presentation by Archbishop [[Antonio Riberi]] of his [[letter of credence]] to the President in 1946, the Holy See's Apostolic Delegation in China gained diplomatic status.<ref>Leung (1992), p. 44</ref><ref>Védrenne (2012), p. 42</ref>

The Holy See attempted to switch recognition to the CCP/PRC after the end of the civil war but were rebuffed and so ended up recognizing the KMT/ROC on Taiwan. The Holy See and the Republic of China have recognized each other ever since.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.usccb.net/CCQ/CCQ%2076.pdf |title=China Church Quarterly, Fall 2008 |access-date=15 February 2021 |archive-date=21 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721171930/http://www.usccb.net/CCQ/CCQ%2076.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> The Holy See maintains negotiations with the PRC for recognition; however, the Holy See has given the ROC assurances that any negotiations with the PRC will not come at the expense of their relations with the ROC.<ref>{{cite news |title=Taiwan says it has Vatican assurances on China accord |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-pope-china-accord-taiwan/taiwan-says-it-has-vatican-assurances-on-china-accord-idUSKBN2660ON |website=www.reuters.com |date=15 September 2020 |agency=Reuters |access-date=15 February 2021 |archive-date=4 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210104150711/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-pope-china-accord-taiwan/taiwan-says-it-has-vatican-assurances-on-china-accord-idUSKBN2660ON |url-status=live }}</ref>

====Italy====
{{Main|Italy–Taiwan relations}}

Until 1970, Taiwan, as the Republic of China, was represented by an embassy in [[Rome]] and a consulate-general in [[Milan]].<ref>[http://taiwaninfo.nat.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=170497&ctNode=103 ROC severs relations with Italy] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160530233222/http://taiwaninfo.nat.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=170497&ctNode=103 |date=2016-05-30 }}, ''[[Taiwan Info]]'', 8 November 1970</ref> This was separate from the [[Embassy of the Republic of China to the Holy See]], which, while located in Italian territory, remains accredited to [[Vatican City]].<ref>[http://www.taiwanembassy.org/VA/mp.asp?mp=152 New ROC (Taiwan) Ambassador Lee presents his Credentials to Pope Francis] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160427215434/http://www.taiwanembassy.org/VA/mp.asp?mp=152 |date=27 April 2016 }} [[Embassy of the Republic of China to the Holy See]]</ref> This led to confusion in 1989 following the [[Tiananmen Square protests of 1989|Tiananmen Square protests]] in Beijing, when Italians protested outside the embassy, believing it to be that of the People's Republic of China.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=aBfICQAAQBAJ&dq=republic+of+china+italy+relations+taipei&pg=PA189 ''Taiwan's Expanding Role in the International Arena: Entering the United Nations''], Maysing H. Yang, Routledge, 2015, p. 189</ref>

In 2014, Taiwan decided not to participate in [[Expo 2015]] in [[Milan]] after the [[Government of Italy]] proposed that it be represented as a corporate entity rather than as a country.<ref>[http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/front/archives/2014/11/26/2003605313 Taiwan shuns Milan expo after sovereignty squabble] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190722003020/http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/front/archives/2014/11/26/2003605313 |date=22 July 2019 }}, ''[[Taipei Times]]'', November 26, 2014</ref>

In 2020, Taiwan donated equipment and supplies to Italy as part of its [[medical diplomacy]] in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Equipment donated included 15 respirators donated to WHO hospitals in the hard-hit Lombardy region in April 2020.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Yu-li |first1=Lin |last2=Ya-shih |first2=Huang |last3=Hsu |first3=Elizabeth |title=Taiwanese donations reach Slovenia, Italy in COVID-19 fight |url=https://focustaiwan.tw/politics/202004220020 |website=focustaiwan.tw |date=22 April 2020 |publisher=Focus Taiwan |access-date=22 April 2020}}</ref>

====Latvia====
{{Main|Latvia–Taiwan relations}}

Today bilateral relations between Latvia and Taiwan are positive, with established economic ties, a visa-free travel regime in place between the two nations and the support of some Latvian parliamentarians towards the participation of the ROC in organizations such as the [[World Health Organization]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://taiwantoday.tw/news.php?unit=10&post=154187|title=MOFA thanks Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania parliamentarians for supporting Taiwan's WHO participation|last=China (Taiwan)|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of|date=2019-05-02|website=Taiwan Today|language=en|access-date=2019-12-31|archive-date=14 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191214085133/https://taiwantoday.tw/news.php?unit=10&post=154187|url-status=live}}</ref>

====Lithuania====
{{Main|Lithuania–Taiwan relations}}

In November 2021, [[Republic of China|Taiwan]] opened its [[Taiwanese Representative Office in Lithuania|representative office in Vilnius]] under the name of "Taiwanese" (the first under this name in the world), with the Lithuanian office in Taipei to open in Spring 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-11-18 |title=Taiwan opens representative office in Lithuania |website=[[Deutsche Welle]] |url=https://www.dw.com/en/taiwan-opens-representative-office-in-lithuania/a-59853874}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-01 |title=Lithuanian trade representational office to open in Taiwan this Spring |url=https://www.lrytas.lt/verslas/rinkos-pulsas/2022/01/11/news/lietuvos-prekybos-atstovybe-taivane-bus-atidaryte-si-pavasari-22022981 |access-date=22 April 2022 |archive-date=22 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220422074005/https://www.lrytas.lt/verslas/rinkos-pulsas/2022/01/11/news/lietuvos-prekybos-atstovybe-taivane-bus-atidaryte-si-pavasari-22022981 |url-status=live }}</ref> Subsequently, the [[People's Republic of China]] has imposed numerous unofficial economic sanctions on Lithuania, recalled its ambassador in Vilnius, Shen Zhifei, and demanded Lithuania recall its ambassador in Beijing, Diana Mickevičienė.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-01-27 |title=EU sues China over sanctions against Lithuania |url=https://www.lrt.lt/en/news-in-english/19/1599277/eu-sues-china-over-sanctions-against-lithuania |access-date=22 April 2022 |archive-date=22 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220422073804/https://www.lrt.lt/en/news-in-english/19/1599277/eu-sues-china-over-sanctions-against-lithuania |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=China recalls envoy to Lithuania over Taiwan's move to open de facto embassy|url=https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3144503/china-recalls-envoy-lithuania-over-taiwans-move-open-de-facto?module=lead_hero_story&pgtype=homepage|website=South China Morning Post|date=10 August 2021|access-date=10 August 2021|language=en|archive-date=28 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211128105622/https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3144503/china-recalls-envoy-lithuania-over-taiwans-move-open-de-facto?module=lead_hero_story&pgtype=homepage|url-status=live}}</ref>

====Netherlands====
{{Main|Netherlands–Taiwan relations}}

Netherlands–Taiwan relations go back to the 1600s when the Dutch East India Company set up a colony on Taiwan. In the modern era they are defined by the high degree of foreign direct investment which flows between the two countries and long lasting economic partnerships between Dutch and Taiwanese firms.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Kastner |first1=Jens |title=The Dutch Connection Remains Firm |url=https://topics.amcham.com.tw/2019/08/dutch-connection-remains-firm/ |website=topics.amcham.com.tw |date=29 August 2019 |publisher=Taiwan Topics |access-date=4 March 2021 |archive-date=2 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210302225205/https://topics.amcham.com.tw/2019/08/dutch-connection-remains-firm/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 2020 the Netherlands' [[House of Representatives (Netherlands)|House of Representatives]] passed a motion supporting Taiwan's participation in international organizations.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Pei-ju |first1=Teng |title=Dutch parliament passes motion supporting Taiwan's international participation |url=https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/3792841 |website=www.taiwannews.com.tw |date=9 October 2019 |publisher=Taiwan News |access-date=4 March 2021}}</ref>

====North Macedonia====
[[North Macedonia]] recognized the ROC in 1999, but switched in 2001 after the PRC imposed economic sanctions and used a rare veto on the [[UN Security Council]] to block peacekeeping efforts.<ref>{{cite web|date=2 April 2012|title=Issue|url=http://www.mofa.gov.tw/webapp/ct.asp?xItem=2284&ctNode=1902&mp=6|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927020556/http://www.mofa.gov.tw/webapp/ct.asp?xItem=2284&ctNode=1902&mp=6|archive-date=27 September 2011|access-date=25 April 2013|publisher=Mofa.gov.tw}}</ref> In addition, North Macedonia was the first European country to sign a military agreement with Taiwan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=我與馬其頓簽國防合作備忘錄 |url=https://news.cts.com.tw/cts/politics/200010/200010300050527.html |publisher=[[Chinese Television System|CTS]] |date=2000-10-30 |access-date=2022-06-01 |language=zh |archive-date=2022-06-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220606070411/https://news.cts.com.tw/cts/politics/200010/200010300050527.html |url-status=live}}</ref>

====Russia====
{{Main|Russia–Taiwan relations}}

In the [[Chinese Civil War]], the [[Soviet Union]] had a tumultuous yet strategic relationship with the [[Kuomintang]]-led Nationalist China until 1949. In the [[Second Taiwan Strait Crisis]] of 1958,<ref name="USA relations">{{cite news |title=Milestones in relations between the U.S., China and Taiwan |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/milestones-relations-between-us-china-taiwan-2022-08-02/ |access-date=14 October 2022 |work=[[Reuters]] |date=2 August 2022 |language=en |archive-date=14 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221014143030/https://www.reuters.com/world/milestones-relations-between-us-china-taiwan-2022-08-02/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Soviet leader [[Nikita Khrushchev]] recommended the internationalization of the [[Taiwan Question]] and appealed to the United Nations and other multilateral organizations to intervene. The [[Communist Party of the Soviet Union]] called for the Ten Nations Summit in New Delhi to discuss the issue on 27 September 1958 as one of the precursors of the later [[Sino-Soviet split]].<ref>{{cite web|date=25 June 2010|script-title=zh:炮擊金門幕後揭秘: 玩弄中蘇同盟種下分裂惡果-歷史名人-文化名城-廣佛都市網|url=http://big5.citygf.com/cul/cul_005005/201006/t20100625_489043_2.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130313160105/http://big5.citygf.com/cul/cul_005005/201006/t20100625_489043_2.html|archive-date=13 March 2013|access-date=25 April 2013|publisher=Big5.citygf.com|title= }}</ref> Since the formation of the [[Russian Federation]], Taiwan has exported many ferric materials to Russia in 2004–2005. In 2005, the total amount of the trade between the two economies was $2,188,944,473. Russia has a representative office in Taipei,<ref>{{cite web |title=Representative office in Taipei for the Moscow-Taipei Coordination Commission on Economic and Cultural Cooperation v.2.0 |url=http://www.mtc.org.tw/english/about.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121208061441/http://www.mtc.org.tw/english/about.html |archive-date=2012-12-08 |access-date=2023-10-20 |publisher=Mtc.org.tw}}</ref> and ROC has a representative office in Moscow.<ref>{{cite web|script-title=zh:首頁 – 台北莫斯科經濟文化協調委員會駐莫斯科代表處 ПРЕДСТАВИТЕЛЬСТВО В МОСКВЕ ТАЙБЭЙСКО-МОСКОВСКОЙ КООРДИНАЦИОННОЙ КОМИССИИ ПО ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОМУ И КУЛЬТУРНОМУ СОТРУДНИЧЕСТВУ|url=https://www.tmeccc.org/ru/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150703214706/http://www.roc-taiwan.org/RU/mp.asp?mp=237|archive-date=3 July 2015|website=tmeccc.org|title= }}</ref> Russia keeps a positive balance in its trade relations with Taiwan mainly from crude oil, cast iron and steel, nonferrous metals, petrochemical products, ferroalloys, coking coal, timber, and chemical fertilizers. Russia imports mostly electronics and electronic parts, computers and computer parts, and home appliances. The two countries established unofficial diplomatic relations between 1993 and 1996. Taipei is targeting Russia for exporting opportunities and marketing potential.<ref>{{cite web|title=Chinese Taipei, Russia Intensify Cooperation|url=http://www.taiwan.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=87756&ctNode=3085&mp=4|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203045223/http://www.taiwan.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=87756&ctNode=3085&mp=4|archive-date=3 December 2013|access-date=15 November 2013|publisher=Taiwan.gov.tw}}</ref>

====Slovakia====
{{Main|Taiwan-Slovakia relations}}

In 2021, the Foreign Affairs Committee of the [[National Council (Slovakia)|National Council]] of [[Slovakia]] passed a resolution to support the attendance of Taiwan to the [[World Health Assembly]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://taiwantoday.tw/news.php?unit=2,6,10,15,18&post=199941|title = Slovak parliament's Foreign Affairs Committee thanked by MOFA for resolution backing Taiwan's WHA participation|date = 12 May 2021}}</ref>

====United Kingdom====
{{Main|Taiwan–United Kingdom relations}}

The United Kingdom's relations with Taiwan<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/world/taiwan |title=UK and Taiwan – UK and the world |publisher=Government of the United Kingdom |access-date=15 November 2013 |archive-date=3 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160203050935/https://www.gov.uk/government/world/taiwan |url-status=live }}</ref> are conducted unofficially through the [[British Office Taipei]]<ref>{{cite web |author=Taiwan |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/world/organisations/british-trade-cultural-office-taiwan |title=British Trade & Cultural Office Taiwan |publisher=Government of the United Kingdom |access-date=15 November 2013 |archive-date=18 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150418183720/https://www.gov.uk/government/world/organisations/british-trade-cultural-office-taiwan |url-status=live }}</ref> and the [[British Council]] in Taipei.

After the Chinese Civil War and the retreat of the [[Kuomintang|KMT]] government to Taiwan, the United Kingdom broke off diplomatic relations with the Republic of China and recognised the People's Republic of China from 6 January 1950.<ref>Wolf, David C. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/260389 'To Secure a Convenience': Britain Recognizes China – 1950] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231215163208/https://www.jstor.org/stable/260389 |date=15 December 2023 }}. ''Journal of Contemporary History'', vol. 18, no. 2, 1983, pp. 299–326. {{JSTOR|260389}}.</ref> In September 1962, Taiwan opened a representative office in [[London]] under the name of the Free Chinese Centre, which was later renamed the [[Taipei Representative Office in the U.K.]] from April 1992.<ref name="TRO - U.K.">{{cite web|url=https://www.roc-taiwan.org/uk_en/post/39.html|title=Taiwan-UK Relations|work=Taipei Representative Office in the U.K.|access-date=15 February 2021|archive-date=21 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240421091358/https://roc-taiwan.org/uk_en/post/39.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The United Kingdom opened a [[List of diplomatic missions of the United Kingdom|representative office]] in Taipei in 1993 under the name of the British Trade and Cultural Office, which was later renamed the British Office Taipei in 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://focustaiwan.tw/news/aipl/201505270023.aspx|title=U.K. renames representative office in Taiwan, retains functions|work=focustaiwan.tw|date=27 May 2015|access-date=15 February 2021|archive-date=6 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170606184148/http://focustaiwan.tw/news/aipl/201505270023.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref>

In September 2020, [[Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office]] ministers stated that the UK hopes Taiwan is allowed to attend the [[World Health Assembly]] as an observer.<ref name="TRO - U.K."/>