Editing Famine (section)

===Economic sanctions===

[[Economic sanctions]] are state or UN sanctioned measures to pressure a targeted country to submit to political demands. Because such measures often involve limiting imports and exports to "crash" or inflict pain on the targeted nation's economy. This can restrict the targeted nation's economic development and make it more difficult for their population to access food.<ref>{{Cite web |last=admin |date=2019-09-03 |title=US Sanctions Are Designed to Kill |url=https://cepr.net/us-sanctions-are-designed-to-kill/ |access-date=2023-08-27 |website=Center for Economic and Policy Research |language=en-US |archive-date=27 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230827040358/https://cepr.net/us-sanctions-are-designed-to-kill/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ineffective, Immoral, Politically Convenient: America's Overreliance on Economic Sanctions and What to Do about It |url=https://www.cato.org/policy-analysis/ineffective-immoral-politically-convenient-americas-overreliance-economic-sanctions |access-date=2023-08-27 |website=www.cato.org |archive-date=13 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230813165333/https://www.cato.org/policy-analysis/ineffective-immoral-politically-convenient-americas-overreliance-economic-sanctions |url-status=live }}</ref> Economic sanctions have been blamed for contributing to the [[North Korean famine]] in the 1990s.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Haggard|first1=Stephan|author-link=Stephan Haggard|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6MoChuyC84gC|title=Famine in North Korea: Markets, Aid, and Reform|last2=Noland|first2=Marcus|date=2007|publisher=Columbia University Press|isbn=978-0-231-51152-0|pages=38|language=en|quote=The failure of the International Atomic Energy Agency, South Korea, and the United States to resolve the crisis in a timely manner and the tightening of sanctions against the country constituted an important background condition for the famine.|access-date=28 August 2023|archive-date=6 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406122922/https://books.google.com/books?id=6MoChuyC84gC|url-status=live}}</ref> The effects of [[sanctions against Iraq]] in the 1990s on mortality are disputed.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Dyson|first1=Tim|last2=Cetorelli|first2=Valeria|date=2017-07-01|title=Changing views on child mortality and economic sanctions in Iraq: a history of lies, damned lies and statistics|journal=BMJ Global Health|language=en|volume=2|issue=2|pages=e000311|doi=10.1136/bmjgh-2017-000311|pmid=29225933|issn=2059-7908|pmc=5717930}}</ref> Following the [[Taliban]]'s takeover of Afghanistan in August 2021, [[Human Rights Watch]] warned that Afghanistan was at risk of famine and urged the UN, World Bank, US and other countries to modify their sanctions to help prevent famine.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-11-11 |title=Afghanistan Facing Famine |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2021/11/11/afghanistan-facing-famine |access-date=2023-08-27 |website=Human Rights Watch |language=en |archive-date=12 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220512115310/https://www.hrw.org/news/2021/11/11/afghanistan-facing-famine |url-status=live }}</ref>