Editing Education in the United States (section)

====Literacy====
[[Reading|Reading skills]] are typically taught using a three cues system based on identifying meaning, sentence structure, and visual information such as the first letter in a word.<ref>{{cite news |date=2010 |title=Early reading instruction survey, EdWeek Research Center, USA |url=https://www.edweek.org/media/ed%20week%20reading%20instruction%20survey%20report-final%201.24.20.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200402145527/https://www.edweek.org/media/ed%20week%20reading%20instruction%20survey%20report-final%201.24.20.pdf |archive-date=2020-04-02 |newspaper=Education Week}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Hanford |first=Emily |date=22 August 2019 |title=How a flawed idea is teaching millions of kids to be poor readers |url=https://www.apmreports.org/episode/2019/08/22/whats-wrong-how-schools-teach-reading |access-date=22 May 2021 |work=[[APM Reports]]}}</ref> This method has been criticized by psychologists such as [[Timothy Shanahan (educator)|Timothy Shanahan]] for lacking a basis in scientific evidence, citing studies that find that good readers look at all the letters in a word.<ref name="Timothy Shanahan, Reading Rockets">{{cite web |author=Timothy Shanahan, Reading Rockets |date=2019-04-01 |title=Is It a Good Idea to Teach the Three Cueing Systems in Reading |url=https://www.readingrockets.org/blogs/shanahan-literacy/it-good-idea-teach-three-cueing-systems-reading}}</ref> According to J. Richard Gentry, teachers draw insufficient attention to spelling. Spelling is itself frequently taught in a confusing manner, such as with reading prompts that may use words that are above grade level.<ref>{{cite web |date=25 August 2015 |title=Why America Can't Read {{!}} Psychology Today |url=https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/raising-readers-writers-and-spellers/201508/why-america-can-t-read |access-date=22 May 2021 |website=[[Psychology Today]] |language=en}}</ref>