Editing Death by burning (section)

====Barbary States, 18th century====
[[John Braithwaite (author)|John Braithwaite]], staying in [[Morocco]] in the late 1720s, says that apostates from Islam would be burnt alive:
{{blockquote|''THOSE that can be proved after Circumcision to have revolted, are stripped quite naked, then anointed with Tallow, and with a Chain about the Body, brought to the Place of Execution, where they are burnt.''}}

Similarly, he notes that non-Muslims entering mosques or being blasphemous against Islam will be burnt, unless they convert to Islam.<ref>''Braithwaite'' (1729) On apostates citation, see [https://archive.org/details/historyrevoluti00braigoog p. 366], on the conditional fate of non-Muslims, see [https://archive.org/details/historyrevoluti00braigoog p. 355]</ref> The chaplain for the English in [[Algiers]] at the same time, [[Thomas Shaw (divine and traveller)|Thomas Shaw]], wrote that whenever capital crimes were committed either by Christian slaves or Jews, the Christian or Jew was to be burnt alive.<ref>''Shaw'' (1757), [https://archive.org/details/travelsorobserv01shawgoog/page/n282 p. 253]</ref> Several generations later, in Morocco in 1772, a Jewish interpreter for the British, and a merchant in his own right, sought from the [[Mohammed ben Abdallah|Emperor of Morocco]] restitution for some goods confiscated, and was burnt alive for his impertinence. His widow made her woes clear in a letter to the British government.<ref>''Stillman'' (1979), [https://archive.org/details/jewsofarablands00stil/page/310 pp. 310–311]</ref>

In 1792 in [[Ifrane]], Morocco, 50 Jews preferred to be burned alive, rather than convert to Islam.<ref>''Kantor'' (1993), [https://books.google.com/books?id=1SD_AQAAQBAJ&pg=PA230 p. 230]</ref> In 1794 in [[Algiers]], the Jewish Rabbi Mordecai Narboni was accused of having maligned Islam in a quarrel with his neighbour. He was ordered to be burnt alive unless he converted to Islam, but he refused and was therefore executed on 14 July 1794.<ref>[http://data.jewishgen.org/wconnect/wc.dll?jg~jgsys~josdates JOS Calendar Conversion Results], ''Hirschberg'' (1981), [https://books.google.com/books?id=g_mh5fuel0QC&pg=PA20 p. 20]</ref>

In 1793, [[Trabluslu Ali Pasha|Ali Pasha]] made a short-lived ''coup d'état'' in [[Tripoli, Libya|Tripoli]], deposing the ruling [[Karamanli dynasty]]. During his short, violent reign he seized the two interpreters for the Dutch and English consuls, both of them Jews, and roasted them over a slow fire, on charges of conspiracy and espionage.<ref>''Tully'' (1817), [https://books.google.com/books?id=QBkQAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA365 p. 365]</ref>