Editing Antiandrogen (section)

===Male contraception===
Antiandrogens, such as cyproterone acetate, have been studied for potential use as [[male hormonal contraceptive]]s.<ref name="pmid793446">{{cite journal | vauthors = Neumann F, Diallo FA, Hasan SH, Schenck B, Traore I | title = The influence of pharmaceutical compounds on male fertility | journal = Andrologia | volume = 8 | issue = 3 | pages = 203–35 | date = 1976 | pmid = 793446 | doi = 10.1111/j.1439-0272.1976.tb02137.x| s2cid = 24859886 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref name="pmid797248">{{cite journal | vauthors = Prasad MR, Rajalakshmi M | title = Target sites for suppressing fertility in the male | journal = Adv Sex Horm Res | volume = 2 | pages = 263–87 | date = 1976 | pmid = 797248 }}</ref><ref name="pmid206192">{{cite journal | vauthors = Ewing LL, Robaire B | title = Endogenous antispermatogenic agents: prospects for male contraception | journal = Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. | volume = 18 | pages = 167–87 | date = 1978 | pmid = 206192 | doi = 10.1146/annurev.pa.18.040178.001123 }}</ref><ref name="pmid6354690">{{cite journal | vauthors = Gombe S | title = A review of the current status in male contraceptive studies | journal = East Afr Med J | volume = 60 | issue = 4 | pages = 203–11 | date = April 1983 | pmid = 6354690 }}</ref><ref name="pmid6205409"/><ref name="pmid2687939">{{cite book | vauthors = Srivastava RP, Bhaduri AP | title = Progress in Drug Research | chapter = Emerging concepts towards the development of contraceptive agents | series = Progress in Drug Research. Fortschritte der Arzneimittelforschung. Progres des Recherches Pharmaceutiques | volume = 33 | pages = 267–315 | date = 1989 | pmid = 2687939 | doi = 10.1007/978-3-0348-9146-2_9| isbn = 978-3-0348-9925-3 |editor=Ernst Jucker |publisher=Birkhäuser }}</ref><ref name="pmid3075164">{{cite journal | vauthors = Wu FC | title = Male contraception: current status and future prospects | journal = Clin. Endocrinol. (Oxf) | volume = 29 | issue = 4 | pages = 443–65 | date = October 1988 | pmid = 3075164 | doi = 10.1111/j.1365-2265.1988.tb02894.x| s2cid = 36608203 }}</ref><ref name="pmid14667989">{{cite journal | vauthors = Nieschlag E, Zitzmann M, Kamischke A | title = Use of progestins in male contraception | journal = Steroids | volume = 68 | issue = 10–13 | pages = 965–72 | date = November 2003 | pmid = 14667989 | doi = 10.1016/s0039-128x(03)00135-1| s2cid = 22458746 }}</ref> While effective in suppressing [[male fertility]], their use as monotherapies is precluded by side effects, such as [[hypoandrogenism|androgen deficiency]] (e.g., [[demasculinization]], [[sexual dysfunction]], [[hot flash]]es, [[osteoporosis]]) and [[feminization (biology)|feminization]] (e.g., [[gynecomastia]]).<ref name="pmid6205409" /><ref name="pmid2687939" /><ref name="pmid3075164" /><ref name="pmid20933120">{{cite journal | vauthors = Nieschlag E | title = Clinical trials in male hormonal contraception | journal = Contraception | volume = 82 | issue = 5 | pages = 457–70 | year = 2010 | pmid = 20933120 | doi = 10.1016/j.contraception.2010.03.020 | url = http://www.kup.at/kup/pdf/10172.pdf | access-date = 2019-07-08 | archive-date = 2020-12-05 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201205082822/https://www.kup.at/kup/pdf/10172.pdf | url-status = live }}</ref> The combination of a primary antigonadotropin such as cyproterone acetate to prevent fertility and an androgen like testosterone to prevent systemic androgen deficiency, resulting in a selective antiandrogenic action locally in the testes, has been extensively studied and has shown promising results, but has not been approved for clinical use at this time.<ref name="pmid3075164" /><ref name="pmid14667989" /><ref name="pmid16313066">{{cite journal | vauthors = Rajalakshmi M | title = Male contraception: expanding reproductive choice | journal = Indian J. Exp. Biol. | volume = 43 | issue = 11 | pages = 1032–41 | date = November 2005 | pmid = 16313066 }}</ref><ref name="pmid27016468">{{cite journal | vauthors = Chao JH, Page ST | title = The current state of male hormonal contraception | journal = Pharmacol. Ther. | volume = 163 | pages = 109–17 | date = July 2016 | pmid = 27016468 | doi = 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.03.012 }}</ref><ref name="pmid20933120" /> [[Dimethandrolone undecanoate]] (developmental code name CDB-4521), an [[oral administration|orally active]] dual AAS and progestogen, is under investigation as a potential male contraceptive and as the first male [[birth control pill]].<ref name="pmid16497801">{{cite journal | vauthors = Attardi BJ, Hild SA, Reel JR | title = Dimethandrolone undecanoate: a new potent orally active androgen with progestational activity | journal = Endocrinology | volume = 147 | issue = 6 | pages = 3016–26 | date = June 2006 | pmid = 16497801 | doi = 10.1210/en.2005-1524 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref name="pmid27907978">{{cite journal | vauthors = Ayoub R, Page ST, Swerdloff RS, Liu PY, Amory JK, Leung A, Hull L, Blithe D, Christy A, Chao JH, Bremner WJ, Wang C | title = Comparison of the single dose pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety of two novel oral formulations of dimethandrolone undecanoate (DMAU): a potential oral, male contraceptive | journal = Andrology | volume = 5 | issue = 2 | pages = 278–285 | date = March 2017 | pmid = 27907978 | pmc = 5352517 | doi = 10.1111/andr.12303 }}</ref>