Editing 1830s (section)

==== United States ====

[[File:US SlaveFree1837.gif|thumb|300px|United States territories and states that forbade or allowed slavery, 1837.]]

===== Slavery =====
* [[January 1]], [[1831]] – [[William Lloyd Garrison]] begins publishing ''[[The Liberator (newspaper)|The Liberator]]'', an antislavery newspaper, in [[Boston]], [[Massachusetts]].
* [[August 21]], [[1831]] – [[History of the United States|USA]]: [[Nat Turner's Rebellion]] breaks out in [[Southampton County, Virginia]].
* [[September 19]], [[1835]] – [[William Lloyd Garrison]] publishes [[Angelina Grimké]]'s anti-slavery letter in ''[[The Liberator (newspaper)|The Liberator]]''.
* [[May 13]], [[1837]] – [[Pennsylvania Hall (Philadelphia)]] burned by mob hostile to slavery.
* [[November 7]], [[1837]] – American [[Abolitionism in the United States|abolitionist]] and newspaper editor [[Elijah Lovejoy]] is killed by a pro-[[slavery]] mob, at his warehouse in Alton, Illinois.

* [[July 1]], [[1839]] – Slaves aboard the ''[[Amistad (case)|Amistad]]'' rebel and capture the ship off the coast of [[Cuba]].  Under direction to sail the ship to Africa, the crew sailed the ship to [[Long Island]], New York, where the slaves were taken into custody by the [[United States Navy|U.S. Navy]]. The slaves would later win the right to return to Africa in ''[[United States v. The Amistad]]''.

===== Settlement =====
* [[February 9]], [[1832]] – The [[Florida]] Legislative Council grants a city charter for [[Jacksonville, Florida]].
* [[July 10]], [[1832]] – U.S. [[United States Coast and Geodetic Survey|Survey of the Coast]] revived (with [[US Department of Treasury]]).
* [[August 12]], [[1833]] – The city of [[Chicago]] is established at the [[estuary]] of the [[Chicago River]] by 350 settlers.
* [[March 11]], [[1834]] – U.S. Survey of the [[Coast]] transferred to the [[United States Department of the Navy|Department of the Navy]].
* [[March 27]], [[1836]] – United States Survey of the Coast returned to [[U.S. Treasury Department]]; renamed [[United States Coast and Geodetic Survey|U.S. Coast Survey]].
* [[April 20]], [[1836]] – The [[Wisconsin Territory]] is created.
* [[June 15]], [[1836]] – [[Arkansas]] is the 25th state admitted into the United States.
* [[January 26]], [[1837]] – [[Michigan]] becomes the 26th state admitted to the United States.

===== Native Americans =====
{{Main|American Indian Wars}}
* [[May 28]], [[1830]] – The [[United States Congress]] passes the [[Indian Removal Act]].
* [[April 6]], [[1832]] – The [[Black Hawk War]] begins.
* [[July 9]], [[1832]] – [[Commissioner of Indian Affairs]] post created within the [[United States Department of War|War Department]].
* [[August 2]], [[1832]] – [[Battle of Bad Axe]] ends the last major Native American rebellion east of the Mississippi in the U.S.
* [[1832]] – [[George Catlin]] starts to live among the [[Sioux]] in the [[Dakota Territory]].
* [[1832]] – The federal government establishes a [[smallpox vaccine|smallpox vaccination]] program for Native Americans (''The Indian Vaccination Act of 1832'').<ref>{{cite journal|title=Lewis Cass and the Politics of Disease: The Indian Vaccination Act of 1832 |journal=Wíčazo Ša Review|volume=18|issue=2|pages=9–35|jstor=1409535|last1=Pearson|first1=J. Diane|year=2003|doi=10.1353/wic.2003.0017|s2cid=154875430}}</ref>
* [[July 29]], [[1834]] – [[Office of Indian Affairs]] organized in the United States.
* [[December 28]], [[1835]] – The [[Second Seminole War]] breaks out in [[Florida]].
* [[December 29]], [[1835]] – The [[Treaty of New Echota]] is signed between the United States Government and members of the [[Cherokee Nation (1794–1907)|Cherokee Nation]].
* [[1835]] – [[Fort Cass]] is established, the military headquarters and site of the largest internment camps during the 1838 [[Trail of Tears]].
* [[May 19]], [[1836]] – [[Fort Parker massacre]]: Among those captured by [[Native Americans in the United States|Native Americans]] is nine-year-old [[Cynthia Ann Parker]]; she later gives birth to a son named [[Quanah Parker|Quanah]], who becomes the last [[tribal chief|chief]] of the [[Comanche]].
* [[1836]] – [[George Catlin]] ends his 6-year tour of 50 tribes in the [[Dakota Territory]].
* [[February 4]], [[1837]] – [[Seminole]]s attack [[Fort Foster]] in [[Florida]].
* [[May 26]], [[1838]] – [[History of the United States|USA]]: The people of the [[Cherokee Nation (1794–1907)|Cherokee Nation]] are forcibly relocated during the [[Trail of Tears]].

===== Presidents =====
* [[December 3]], [[1832]] – [[U.S. presidential election, 1832]]: [[Andrew Jackson]] is re-elected president.
* [[March 4]], [[1833]] – [[Andrew Jackson]] is sworn in for his second term as [[President of the United States]].
* [[May 6]], [[1833]] – In [[Alexandria, Virginia]], the first public physical attack on an [[President of the United States|American President]], with [[Andrew Jackson]] struck by a disgruntled [[Robert B. Randolph]], who was dismissed from the navy by Jackson for embezzlement. Though the assailant was immediately apprehended, Jackson decided not to press charges. 
* [[March 27]], [[1834]] – [[Andrew Jackson]] is censured by the Congress of the United States (expunged in 1837).
* [[January 30]], [[1835]] – An [[assassination]] is attempted against President [[Andrew Jackson]] in the [[United States Capitol]] (the first assassination attempt against a [[President of the United States]]).
* [[December 7]], [[1835]] – Future U.S. President [[James K. Polk]] becomes [[Speaker of the United States House of Representatives|Speaker of the House]]
* [[December 4]], [[1836]] – [[Whig Party (United States)|Whig Party]] holds its first national convention, in [[Harrisburg, Pennsylvania]].
* [[December 7]], [[1836]] – [[1836 United States presidential election]]: [[Martin Van Buren]] defeats [[William Henry Harrison]].
* [[March 4]], [[1837]] – [[Martin Van Buren]] succeeds [[Andrew Jackson]] as [[President of the United States]].

===== Supreme Court =====
* [[January 12]] – [[January 27]], [[1830]] – [[Robert Y. Hayne]] of [[South Carolina]] debates the question of states' rights vs. federal authority with [[Daniel Webster]] of [[Massachusetts]] in the [[United States Congress]].
* [[March 12]], [[1830]] – ''Craig v. Missouri'': The [[United States Supreme Court]] rules that state loan certificates are unconstitutional because they were bills of credit emitted by a state in violation of Article I, Section 10 of the Constitution.
* [[February 16]], [[1833]] – ''[[Barron v. Baltimore]]'': The United States Supreme Court rules that the Bill of Right only applies to the federal government, and not the state government.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Barron v. City of Baltimore (1833) {{!}} SCHS Civics Classroom Resources |url=https://supremecourthistory.org/supreme-court-civics-resources/barron-v-city-of-baltimore-1833/ |access-date=2024-08-06 |website=Supreme Court Historical Society |language=en-US}}</ref>
* [[March 28]], [[1836]] – [[Roger B. Taney]] becomes the 5th [[Chief Justice of the United States|Chief Supreme Court Justice]], succeeding [[John Marshall|John Marshal]], and beginning the 28 year [[Taney Court]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Previous Chief Justices: Roger Brooke Taney, 1836-1864 |url=https://supremecourthistory.org/chief-justices/roger-taney-1836-1864/ |access-date=2024-08-06 |website=Supreme Court Historical Society |language=en-US}}</ref>

===== Other =====
* [[November 14]], [[1832]] – [[Charles Carroll of Carrollton|Charles Carroll]], the last surviving signer of the [[United States Declaration of Independence|Declaration of Independence]] dies at his home in Maryland at age 95.
* [[April 14]], [[1834]] – The [[Whig Party (United States)|Whig Party]] is officially named by [[United States Senator]] [[Henry Clay]].
* [[August 11]] – [[August 12]], [[1834]] – [[Ursuline Convent riots]]: A convent of Ursuline nuns is burned near [[Boston]].
* [[January 8]], [[1835]] – The [[United States public debt]] contracts to $0 for the only time in history.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.publicdebt.treas.gov/history/history.htm |title=www.publicdebt.treas.gov |access-date=2013-02-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306012419/http://www.publicdebt.treas.gov/history/history.htm |archive-date=2016-03-06 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* [[1835]] – [[Edward Strutt Abdy]] publishes his ''Journal of a Residence and Tour in the United States of North America: From April, 1833, to October 1834''.
* [[May 10]], [[1837]] – The [[Panic of 1837]] begins in [[New York City]].
* [[June 11]], [[1837]] – The [[Broad Street Riot]] occurs in [[Boston]], [[Massachusetts]], fueled by ethnic tensions between the Irish and the Yankees.
* [[1839]] – the first state law permitting women to own property is passed in [[Jackson, Mississippi]].