Editing Television (section)

====Taxation or license====
Television services in some countries may be funded by a [[television licence]] or a form of taxation, which means that advertising plays a lesser role or no role at all. For example, some channels may carry no advertising at all and some very little, including:
* Australia ([[Australian Broadcasting Corporation|ABC Television]])
* [[Belgium]] ([[VRT (broadcaster)|VRT]] for [[Flanders]] and [[RTBF]] for [[Wallonia]])
* [[Denmark]] ([[Danmarks Radio|DR]])
* Ireland ([[RTÉ]])
* Japan ([[NHK]])
* [[Norway]] ([[NRK]])
* Sweden ([[Sveriges Television|SVT]])
* [[Switzerland]] ([[Swiss Broadcasting Corporation|SRG SSR]])
* [[Taiwan|Republic of China (Taiwan)]] ([[Public Television Service|PTS]])
* United Kingdom ([[BBC Television]])
* United States ([[PBS]])

The [[British Broadcasting Corporation]]'s TV service carries no [[television advertising]] on its UK channels and is funded by an annual television license paid by the occupiers of premises receiving live telecasts. {{as of|2012}} it was estimated that approximately 26.8&nbsp;million UK private domestic households owned televisions, with approximately 25 million TV licences in all premises in force as of 2010.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tvlicensing.co.uk/about/foi-licences-facts-and-figures-AB18/|title=TV Licensing-FOI: Licences facts and figures |publisher=tvlicensing.co.uk |access-date=10 December 2012}}</ref> This television license fee is set by the government, but the BBC is not answerable to or controlled by the government.{{citation needed|date=June 2021}} {{as of|2009}} two main BBC TV channels were watched by almost 90% of the population each week and overall had 27% share of total viewing,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.barb.co.uk/viewingsummary/weekreports.cfm?report=multichannel&requesttimeout=500&flag=viewingsummary |title=viewing statistics in UK |publisher=Barb.co.uk |access-date=17 April 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081005045049/http://www.barb.co.uk/viewingsummary/weekreports.cfm?report=multichannel&requesttimeout=500&flag=viewingsummary |archive-date=5 October 2008 }}</ref> despite the fact that 85% of homes were multi-channel, with 42% of these having access to 200 free-to-air channels via satellite and another 43% having access to 30 or more channels via [[Freeview (UK)|Freeview]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ofcom.org.uk/research/tv/reports/dtv/dtv_2007_q3/dtvq307.pdf |title=The Communications Market: Digital Progress Report – Digital TV, Q3 2007 |access-date=18 June 2010 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080625013029/http://www.ofcom.org.uk/research/tv/reports/dtv/dtv_2007_q3/dtvq307.pdf |archive-date = 25 June 2008}}</ref> {{as of|June 2021}} the licence that funds the advertising-free BBC TV channels cost £159 for a colour TV Licence and £53.50 for a black and white TV Licence (free or reduced for some groups).<ref>{{cite web | title=TV Licence types and costs | website=TV Licensing | url=https://www.tvlicensing.co.uk/check-if-you-need-one/topics/tv-licence-types-and-costs-top2 | access-date=15 June 2021| url-status= live|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210502005124/https://www.tvlicensing.co.uk/check-if-you-need-one/topics/tv-licence-types-and-costs-top2 | archive-date= 2 May 2021}}</ref>

The [[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]]'s television services in Australia carry no advertising by external sources; it is banned under the ''Australian Broadcasting Corporation Act 1983'', which also ensures its editorial independence. The ABC receives most of its funding from the [[Australian Government]] (some revenue is received from its [[ABC Commercial|Commercial division]]), but it has suffered progressive funding cuts under [[Liberal Party of Australia|Liberal]] governments since the 1996 [[Howard government]],<ref>{{cite web | last=Muller | first=Denis | title=Australian governments have a long history of trying to manipulate the ABC – and it's unlikely to stop now | website=[[The Conversation (website)|The Conversation]] | date=13 February 2019 | url=http://theconversation.com/australian-governments-have-a-long-history-of-trying-to-manipulate-the-abc-and-its-unlikely-to-stop-now-110712 | access-date=15 June 2021}}</ref> with particularly deep cuts in 2014 under the [[Turnbull government]],<ref>{{cite web | last=Yussuf | first=Ahmed | title=Turnbull confirms $254 million cut from ABC funding | website=ABC News | date=19 November 2014 | url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-11-19/abc-funding-cuts-announced-by-malcolm-turnbull/5902774 | access-date=15 June 2021}}</ref> and an ongoing [[indexation]] freeze {{as of|lc=yes|2021}}.<ref>{{cite web | last=Duke | first=Jennifer | title=Was the ABC's funding cut? | website=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] | date=16 August 2020 | url=https://www.smh.com.au/national/was-the-abc-s-funding-cut-20200814-p55lvr.html | access-date=15 June 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | last1=Wake | first1=Alexandra | last2=Ward | first2=Michael | title=Latest $84 million cuts rip the heart out of the ABC, and our democracy | website=The Conversation | date=24 June 2020 | url=http://theconversation.com/latest-84-million-cuts-rip-the-heart-out-of-the-abc-and-our-democracy-141355 | access-date=15 June 2021}}</ref> The funds provide for the [[ABC Television (Australian TV network)|ABC's television]], [[ABC Radio (Australia)|radio]], [[ABC Online|online]], and international outputs, although [[ABC Australia (Southeast Asian TV channel)|ABC Australia]], which broadcasts throughout the Asia-Pacific region, receives additional funds through [[DFAT]] and some advertising on the channel.<ref>{{cite web | title=ABC Services in the Asia-Pacific | website=About the ABC |first= James|last= Spigelman| author-link= James Spigelman| date=8 December 2014 | url=https://about.abc.net.au/speeches/abc-services-in-the-asia-pacific/ | access-date=15 June 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | last1=O’Keeffe | first1=Annmaree | last2=Greene | first2=Chris | title=International Public Broadcasting: A Missed Opportunity For Projecting Australia's Soft Power | website=[[Lowy Institute]] | date=10 December 2019 | url=https://www.lowyinstitute.org/publications/international-public-broadcasting-missed-opportunity-projecting-australia-s-soft-power | access-date=15 June 2021}}</ref>

In France, government-funded channels carry advertisements, yet those who own television sets have to pay an annual tax ("la redevance audiovisuelle").<ref>[http://www.minefi.gouv.fr/paca/minefi_relais_sociaux/impots/fiche21.html Ministry of Finance] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070501212316/http://www.minefi.gouv.fr/paca/minefi_relais_sociaux/impots/fiche21.html |date=1 May 2007 }}</ref>

In Japan, [[NHK]] is paid for by license fees (known in Japanese as {{nihongo| reception fee |受信料|Jushinryō}}). The broadcast law that governs NHK's funding stipulates that any television equipped to receive NHK is required to pay. The fee is standardized, with discounts for office workers and students who commute, as well as a general discount for residents of Okinawa prefecture.