Editing Sydney (section)

==Culture==
{{Main|Culture of Sydney}}

===Science, art, and history===
[[File:Art Gallery of New South Wales at night.jpg|thumb|The [[Art Gallery of New South Wales]], located in [[The Domain, Sydney|The Domain]], is the fourth largest public gallery in Australia.]]
[[Ku-ring-gai Chase National Park]] is rich in [[Indigenous Australian]] heritage, containing around 1,500 pieces of [[Aboriginal rock art]] – the largest cluster of Indigenous sites in Australia. The park's indigenous sites include [[petroglyph]]s, art sites, [[burial site]]s, [[cave]]s, marriage areas, birthing areas, [[midden]] sites, and tool manufacturing locations, which are dated to be around 5,000 years old. The inhabitants of the area were the [[Kuringgai|Garigal]] people.<ref name="abhe">{{cite web |url=http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/NationalParks/parkAboriginalHeritage.aspx?id=N0019 |title=Aboriginal heritage |work=Office of Environment and Heritage |publisher=[[Government of New South Wales]] |access-date=7 May 2011}}</ref><ref name="discover">{{Cite book |title=Discover Australia's National Parks |last=Hema Maps |year=1997 |publisher=[[Random House]] Australia |location=Milsons Point, New South Wales |isbn=1-875992-47-2 |pages=116{{endash}}7 }}</ref> Other [[Sydney Rock Art|rock art sites]] exist in the Sydney region, such as in [[Terrey Hills]] and [[Bondi, New South Wales|Bondi]], although the locations of most are not publicised to prevent damage by vandalism, and to retain their quality, as they are still regarded as sacred sites by Indigenous Australians.<ref>Basedow, H. 1914. "Aboriginal rock carvings of great antiquity in S.A." ''J. R. Anthropol. Inst.'', 44, 195–211.</ref>
[[File:Public Library of New South Wales (30670032690).jpg|alt=|thumb|The [[State Library of New South Wales]] holds the oldest library collections in Australia.]]
The [[Australian Museum]] opened in Sydney in 1827 with the purpose of collecting and displaying the natural wealth of the colony.<ref>{{cite web |last=Ellmoos |first=Laila |date=2008 |url=http://dictionaryofsydney.org/entry/australian_museum |title=Australian Museum |publisher=Dictionary of Sydney |access-date=8 August 2014}}</ref> It remains Australia's oldest natural history museum. In 1995 the [[Museum of Sydney]] opened on the site of the first [[Government House, Sydney|Government House]]. It recounts the story of the city's development.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ellmoos |first1=Laila |last2=Walden |first2=Inara |date=2011 |url=http://dictionaryofsydney.org/entry/museum_of_sydney |title=Museum of Sydney |publisher=Dictionary of Sydney |access-date=9 August 2014}}</ref> Other museums include the [[Powerhouse Museum]] and the [[Australian National Maritime Museum]].<ref>{{cite web |publisher=Powerhouse Museum |date=2014 |url=http://www.powerhousemuseum.com/about/about-museum.php |title=About the Powerhouse Museum |access-date=11 October 2014 |archive-date=3 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141003062038/http://www.powerhousemuseum.com/about/about-museum.php |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |publisher=Australian National Maritime Museum |date=2014 |url=http://www.anmm.gov.au/about-us/who-we-are/our-museum |title=Our Museum: history and vision |access-date=11 October 2014 |archive-date=11 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141011090848/http://www.anmm.gov.au/about-us/who-we-are/our-museum |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The [[State Library of New South Wales]] holds the oldest library collections in Australia, being established as the [[Australian Subscription Library]] in 1826.<ref name="History1">{{cite web |url=http://www.sl.nsw.gov.au/about/history/index.html |title=History of the Library <nowiki>|</nowiki> State Library of New South Wales | access-date=7 February 2011 |publisher=State Library of New South Wales}}</ref> The [[Royal Society of New South Wales]], formed in 1866, encourages "studies and investigations in science, art, literature, and philosophy". It is based in a terrace house in [[Darlington, New South Wales|Darlington]] owned by the [[University of Sydney]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Tyler |first=Peter |date=2010 |url=http://dictionaryofsydney.org/entry/royal_society_of_new_south_wales |title=Royal Society of New South Wales |publisher=Dictionary of Sydney |access-date=9 August 2014}}</ref> The [[Sydney Observatory]] building was constructed in 1859 and used for astronomy and meteorology research until 1982 before being converted into a museum.<ref>{{cite web |last=Ellmoos |first=Laila |date=2008 |url=http://dictionaryofsydney.org/entry/sydney_observatory_building |title=Sydney Observatory building |publisher=Dictionary of Sydney |access-date=10 August 2014}}</ref>

The [[Museum of Contemporary Art Australia|Museum of Contemporary Art]] was opened in 1991 and occupies an [[Art Deco]] building in [[Circular Quay]]. Its collection was founded in the 1940s by artist and art collector John Power and has been maintained by the University of Sydney.<ref>{{cite web |last=Ellmoos |first=Laila |date=2008 |url=http://dictionaryofsydney.org/entry/museum_of_contemporary_art |title=Museum of Contemporary Art |publisher=Dictionary of Sydney |access-date=9 August 2014}}</ref> Sydney's other significant art institution is the [[Art Gallery of New South Wales]] which coordinates the [[Archibald Prize]] for portraiture.<ref>{{cite web |publisher=Art Gallery of New South Wales |date=2014 |url=http://www.artgallery.nsw.gov.au/about-us/ |title=About us |access-date=11 October 2014}}</ref> Sydney is also home to contemporary art gallery [[Artspace Visual Arts Centre|Artspace]], housed in the historic [[The Gunnery, Woolloomooloo|Gunnery Building]] in [[Woolloomooloo]], fronting [[Sydney Harbour]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=NSW Department of Customer Service |first=Transport for NSW |date=28 April 2023 |title=Artspace Sydney {{!}} NSW Government |url=https://www.nsw.gov.au/visiting-and-exploring-nsw/locations-and-attractions/artspace-sydney |access-date=14 September 2023 |website=www.nsw.gov.au |language=en-AU}}</ref>

===Entertainment===
[[File:Atrium of State Theatre IMG 4687a.jpg|thumb|left|upright|The [[State Theatre (Sydney)|State Theatre]] on [[Market Street, Sydney|Market Street]] was opened in 1929.]]

Sydney's first commercial theatre opened in 1832 and nine more had commenced performances by the late 1920s. The live medium lost much of its popularity to the cinema during the Great Depression before experiencing a revival after World War II.<ref>{{cite web |last=McPherson |first=Ailsa |date=2008 |url=http://dictionaryofsydney.org/entry/theatre |title=Theatre |publisher=Dictionary of Sydney |access-date=10 August 2014}}</ref> Prominent theatres in the city today include [[State Theatre (Sydney)|State Theatre]], [[Theatre Royal, Sydney|Theatre Royal]], [[Sydney Theatre]], [[The Wharf Theatre]], and [[Capitol Theatre, Sydney|Capitol Theatre]]. [[Sydney Theatre Company]] maintains a roster of local, classical, and international plays. It occasionally features Australian theatre icons such as [[David Williamson]], [[Hugo Weaving]], and [[Geoffrey Rush]]. The city's other prominent theatre companies are [[New Theatre (Newtown)|New Theatre]], [[Belvoir (theatre company)|Belvoir]], and [[Griffin Theatre Company]]. Sydney is also home to [[Event Cinemas]]' first theatre, which opened on [[George St, Sydney|George St]] in 1913, under its former Greater Union brand; the theatre currently operates, and is regarded as one of Australia's busiest cinema locations.

The Sydney Opera House is the home of [[Opera Australia]] and [[Sydney Symphony]]. It has staged over 100,000 performances and received 100&nbsp;million visitors since opening in 1973.<ref name="Sydney Opera House"/> Two other important performance venues in Sydney are [[Sydney Town Hall|Town Hall]] and the [[City Recital Hall]]. The [[Sydney Conservatorium of Music]] is located adjacent to the Royal Botanic Garden and serves the Australian music community through education and its biannual [[Australian Music Examinations Board]] exams.<ref>{{cite web |publisher=Sydney Conservatorium of Music |date=2014 |url=http://music.sydney.edu.au/about/history/ |title=History |access-date=11 October 2014}}</ref>

[[File:Interior of Sydney Opera House Concert Hall during performance.jpg|thumb|A concert at the [[Sydney Opera House]]]]

Many writers have originated in and set their work in Sydney. Others have visited the city and commented on it. Some of them are commemorated in the [[Sydney Writers Walk]] at Circular Quay. The city was the headquarters for Australia's first published newspaper, the ''[[Sydney Gazette]]''.<ref>{{cite book |last=Isaacs |first=Victor |title=Two hundred years of Sydney newspapers: a short history |year=2003 |publisher=Rural Press |location=North Richmond |pages=3–5 |url=http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/eserv/UQ:11092/sydnews.pdf}}</ref> Watkin Tench's ''A Narrative of the Expedition to Botany Bay'' (1789) and ''A Complete Account of the Settlement at Port Jackson in New South Wales'' (1793) have remained the best-known accounts of life in early Sydney.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://dictionaryofsydney.org/entry/literature |title=The Dictionary of Sydney |access-date=3 March 2018}}</ref> Since the infancy of the establishment, much of the literature set in Sydney were concerned with life in the city's slums and working-class communities, notably [[William Lane]]'s ''The Working Man's Paradise'' (1892), [[Christina Stead]]'s ''[[Seven Poor Men of Sydney]]'' (1934) and [[Ruth Park]]'s ''[[The Harp in the South]]'' (1948).<ref name="RuthPark">{{Cite news |last=Maunder |first=Patricia |title=Novelist shone a light on slums |newspaper=Sydney Morning Herald |date=17 December 2010 |url=http://www.smh.com.au/national/obituaries/novelist-shone-a-light-on-slums-20101216-18zid.html |access-date=6 March 2018}}</ref> The first Australian-born female novelist, [[Louisa Atkinson]], set several novels in Sydney.<ref>Maguire, M., 'Atkinson, (Caroline) Louisa Waring', in R. Aitken and M. Looker (eds), ''Oxford Companion to Australian Gardens'', South Melbourne, Oxford University Press, 2002, p. 35.</ref> Contemporary writers, such as [[Elizabeth Harrower (writer)|Elizabeth Harrower]], were born in the city and set most of their work there–Harrower's debut novel ''[[Down in the City]]'' (1957) was mostly set in a [[King's Cross, New South Wales|King's Cross]] apartment.<ref name="Harrower">{{cite magazine |title=Rediscovering Elizabeth Harrower |magazine=[[The New Yorker]] |date=20 October 2014 |access-date=6 March 2018 |url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2014/10/20/time-lies}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Text Publishing – Down in the City |url=https://www.textpublishing.com.au/books/down-in-the-city |date=23 October 2013 |access-date=22 March 2018 |isbn=9781922147042 |last1=Harrower |first1=Elizabeth|publisher=Text Publishing Company }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Review: Down in the City by Elizabeth Harrower |work=Readings.com.au |date=25 October 2013 |access-date=22 March 2018 |url=https://www.readings.com.au/review/down-in-the-city-by-elizabeth-harrower}}</ref> Well known contemporary novels set in the city include [[Melina Marchetta]]'s ''[[Looking for Alibrandi (novel)|Looking for Alibrandi]]'' (1992), [[Peter Carey (novelist)|Peter Carey]]'s ''30 Days in Sydney: A Wildly Distorted Account'' (1999), [[J. M. Coetzee]]'s ''[[Diary of a Bad Year]]'' (2007) and [[Kate Grenville]]'s ''[[The Secret River]]'' (2010). The [[Sydney Writers' Festival]] is held annually between April and May.<ref>{{cite web |title=About Us |url=https://www.swf.org.au/about-us/ |work=Sydney Writers' Festival (SWF) Official Site |access-date=25 March 2018}}</ref>

Filmmaking in Sydney was prolific until the 1920s when spoken films were introduced and American productions gained dominance.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Balint |first1=Ruth |last2=Dolgopolov |first2=Greg |date=2008 |url=http://dictionaryofsydney.org/entry/film |title=Film |publisher=Dictionary of Sydney |access-date=9 August 2014}}</ref> The [[Australian New Wave]] saw a resurgence in film production, with many notable features shot in the city between the 1970s and 80s, helmed by directors such as [[Bruce Beresford]], [[Peter Weir]] and [[Gillian Armstrong]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Australian pride is its 'new wave' of films |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=1981 |access-date=25 March 2018 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1981/02/15/movies/australia-s-pride-is-it-s-new-wave-of-films.html}}</ref> [[Fox Studios Australia]] commenced production in Sydney in 1998. Successful films shot in Sydney since then include ''[[The Matrix]]'', ''[[Lantana (film)|Lantana]]'', ''[[Mission: Impossible 2]]'', ''[[Moulin Rouge!]]'', ''[[Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones]]'', ''[[Australia (2008 film)|Australia]]'', ''[[Superman Returns]]'', ''[[The Great Gatsby (2013 film)|The Great Gatsby]]'' and ''[[Anyone but You]]''. The [[National Institute of Dramatic Art]] is based in Sydney and has several famous alumni such as [[Mel Gibson]], [[Judy Davis]], [[Baz Luhrmann]], [[Cate Blanchett]], [[Hugo Weaving]] and [[Jacqueline McKenzie|Jacqueline Mckenzie]].<ref>{{cite web |publisher=National Institute of Dramatic Art |date=2014 |url=http://www.nida.edu.au/about-nida/history |title=History |access-date=11 October 2014 |archive-date=17 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141017134650/http://www.nida.edu.au/about-nida/history |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Sydney hosts several festivals throughout the year. The city's [[Sydney New Year's Eve|New Year's Eve]] celebrations are the largest in Australia.<ref>{{cite web |last=Kaur |first=Jaskiran |date=2013 |url=http://au.ibtimes.com/articles/531947/20131227/party-new-year-s-eve-australia-sydney.htm |title=Where to party in Australia on New Year's Eve |website=International Business Times |access-date=27 July 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140708231528/http://au.ibtimes.com/articles/531947/20131227/party-new-year-s-eve-australia-sydney.htm |archive-date=8 July 2014}}</ref> The [[Sydney Royal Easter Show|Royal Easter Show]] is held every year at Sydney Olympic Park. [[Sydney Festival]] is Australia's largest arts festival.<ref>{{cite web |publisher=Sydney Festival |date=2014 |url=http://www.sydneyfestival.org.au/About/About-Us/ |title=About us |access-date=11 October 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140927103437/http://www.sydneyfestival.org.au/About/About-Us/ |archive-date=27 September 2014}}</ref> The travelling rock music festival [[Big Day Out]] originated in Sydney. The city's two largest film festivals are [[Sydney Film Festival]] and [[Tropfest]]. [[Vivid Sydney]] is an annual outdoor exhibition of art installations, light projections, and music. In 2015, Sydney was ranked the 13th top [[fashion capital]] in the world.<ref>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20151026005716/http://www.languagemonitor.com/fashion/paris-towers-over-world-of-fashion-as-top-global-fashion-capital-for-2015/ The Top Global Fashion Capitals for 2016]}} – The [[Global Language Monitor]], 2016</ref> It hosts the [[Australian Fashion Week]] in autumn. [[Sydney Mardi Gras]] has commenced each February since 1979.

Sydney's [[Chinatown, Sydney|Chinatown]] has had numerous locations since the 1850s. It moved from [[George Street, Sydney|George Street]] to Campbell Street to its current setting in Dixon Street in 1980.<ref>{{cite web |last=Fitzgerald |first=Shirley |date=2008 |url=http://dictionaryofsydney.org/entry/chinatown |title=Chinatown |publisher=Dictionary of Sydney |access-date=9 August 2014}}</ref> Little Italy is located in Stanley Street.<ref name="Economy"/>

Restaurants, bars and nightclubs can be found in the entertainment hubs in the Sydney CBD ([[Darling Harbour]], [[Barangaroo, New South Wales|Barangaroo]], [[The Rocks, New South Wales|The Rocks]] and [[George Street, Sydney|George Street]]), [[Oxford Street, Sydney|Oxford Street]], [[Surry Hills, New South Wales|Surry Hills]], [[Newtown, New South Wales|Newtown]] and [[Parramatta]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nightlife Archives |url=https://concreteplayground.com/melbourne/category/food-drink/nightlife |access-date=28 January 2021 |website=Concrete Playground |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=The best clubs in Sydney |url=https://www.timeout.com/sydney/nightlife/the-best-clubs-in-sydney |access-date=28 January 2021 |website=Time Out Sydney |language=en}}</ref> [[Kings Cross, New South Wales|Kings Cross]] was previously considered the red-light district. [[The Star, Sydney|The Star]] is the city's casino and is situated next to [[Darling Harbour]] while the new [[Crown Sydney]] resort is in nearby [[Barangaroo, New South Wales|Barangaroo]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Discover the best of Crown Sydney |url=http://www.crownsydney.com.au/home |access-date=28 January 2021 |website=Crown Sydney |archive-date=25 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201025131306/https://www.crownsydney.com.au/home |url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Media===
{{Main|Media in Sydney}}
[[File:Ultimo ABC - cropped.jpg|alt=|thumb|Australia's national broadcaster, the [[Australian Broadcasting Corporation|ABC]], is headquartered in [[Ultimo, New South Wales|Ultimo]].]]
The ''[[Sydney Morning Herald]]'' is Australia's oldest newspaper still in print; it has been published continuously since 1831.<ref>{{cite news |last=Lagan |first=Bernard |date=2012 |url=http://www.theglobalmail.org/feature/breaking-news-and-hearts-at-the-herald/277/ |title=Breaking: news and hearts at the Herald |work=[[The Global Mail]] |access-date=27 July 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120623194413/http://www.theglobalmail.org/feature/breaking-news-and-hearts-at-the-herald/277/ |archive-date=23 June 2012}}</ref> Its competitor is ''[[Daily Telegraph (Sydney)|The Daily Telegraph]]'', in print since 1879.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Clancy |first=Laurie |date=2004 |title=The media and cinema |journal=Culture and Customs of Australia |page=126}}</ref> Both papers have Sunday tabloid editions called ''[[The Sun-Herald]]'' and ''[[Daily Telegraph (Sydney)|The Sunday Telegraph]]'' respectively. ''[[The Bulletin (Australian periodical)|The Bulletin]]'' was founded in Sydney in 1880 and became Australia's longest running magazine. It closed after 128 years of continuous publication.<ref>{{cite web |last=Wotherspoon |first=Garry |date=2010 |url=http://dictionaryofsydney.org/entry/the_bulletin |title=The Bulletin |publisher=Dictionary of Sydney |access-date=27 July 2014}}</ref> Sydney heralded Australia's first newspaper, the ''[[Sydney Gazette]]'', published until 1842.

Each of Australia's three commercial television networks and two public broadcasters is headquartered in Sydney. [[Nine Network|Nine's]] offices and news studios are in [[North Sydney, New South Wales|North Sydney]], [[Network 10|Ten]] is based in [[Pyrmont, New South Wales|Pyrmont]], and [[Seven Network|Seven]] is based in [[South Eveleigh]] in [[Redfern, New South Wales|Redfern]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Channel 9 to move into North Sydney skyscraper | date=6 March 2017|last=Wilmot|first=Ben|url=https://www.realcommercial.com.au/news/channel-9-to-move-into-north-sydney-skyscraper |access-date=28 August 2023 |website=www.realcommercial.com.au |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |publisher=[[Network 10]] |url=http://tenplay.com.au/contact-us |title=Contact us |access-date=24 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=26 June 2023 |title=7NEWS Sydney to broadcast from new home after 19 years at Martin Place |url=https://7news.com.au/business/media/7news-sydney-to-broadcast-from-new-home-after-19-years-at-martin-place-c-11091970 |access-date=28 August 2023 |website=7NEWS |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mediaweek |date=27 June 2023 |title=In Pictures: 7NEWS Sydney's new newsroom and studios at South Eveleigh |url=https://www.mediaweek.com.au/in-pictures-7news-sydneys-new-newsroom-and-studios-at-south-eveleigh/ |access-date=28 August 2023 |website=Mediaweek |language=en-AU}}</ref> The [[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]] is located in [[Ultimo, New South Wales|Ultimo]],<ref>{{cite web |publisher=[[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]] |date=2014 |url=http://about.abc.net.au/where-to-find-us/abc-offices/ |title=ABC offices |access-date=24 August 2014}}</ref> and the [[Special Broadcasting Service]] is based in [[Artarmon]].<ref>{{cite web |publisher=[[Special Broadcasting Service]] |date=2014 |url=http://www.sbs.com.au/aboutus/contact/index/id/141/h/Contact-Details |title=Contact |access-date=24 August 2014 |archive-date=18 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718023845/http://www.sbs.com.au/aboutus/contact/index/id/141/h/Contact-Details |url-status=dead}}</ref> Multiple digital channels have been provided by all five networks since 2000. [[Foxtel]] is based in [[North Ryde]] and sells subscription cable television to most of the urban area.<ref>{{cite web |publisher=[[Foxtel]] |date=2014 |url=http://www.foxtel.com.au/about-foxtel/contact/default.htm |title=Contact Foxtel |access-date=24 August 2014}}</ref> Sydney's first [[List of Sydney radio stations|radio stations]] commenced broadcasting in the 1920s. Radio has managed to survive despite the introduction of television and the Internet.<ref name="Commercial radio">{{cite web |last=Griffen-Foley |first=Bridget |author-link=Bridget Griffen-Foley |date=2008 |url=http://dictionaryofsydney.org/entry/commercial_radio |title=Commercial radio |publisher=Dictionary of Sydney |access-date=27 July 2014}}</ref> [[2UE]] was founded in 1925 and under the ownership of Nine Entertainment is the oldest station still broadcasting.<ref name="Commercial radio"/> Competing stations include the more popular [[2GB]], [[ABC Radio Sydney]], [[KIIS 106.5]], [[Triple M Sydney|Triple M]], [[Nova 96.9]] and [[2Day FM]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Bodey |first=Michael |date=2010 |url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/media/major-players-maintain-leading-shares-in-second-radio-ratings-survey-of-2010/story-e6frg996-1225847441946 |title=Major players maintain leading shares in second radio ratings survey of 2010 |work=The Australian |access-date=27 July 2014}}</ref>