Editing Sanskrit (section)

==== East Asia ====
{{multiple image
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| image1            = South Korea-Goheunggun-Neunggasa 5836-07 bronze bell.JPG
| image2            = Siddham alphabet by Kukai.svg
| footer            = [i] a bell with Sanskrit engravings in South Korea [ii] the [[Kūkai]] calligraphy of Siddham-Sanskrit in Japan
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[[Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit|Buddhist Sanskrit]] has had a considerable influence on [[Sino-Tibetan languages]] such as Chinese, state William Wang and Chaofen Sun.<ref name="WangSun2015p5" /> Many words have been adopted from Sanskrit into Chinese, both in its historic religious discourse and everyday use.<ref name="WangSun2015p5">{{cite book |author1=William S.-Y. Wang |author2=Chaofen Sun |year=2015 |title=The Oxford Handbook of Chinese Linguistics |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-985633-6 |pages=5–6, 12, 236–247 |quote=In chapter&nbsp;18, Shi Xiangdong makes it clear that the influence of Buddhist Sanskrit on the Chinese language has been considerable. Many words have crossed the line from religious discourse to everyday use.  |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YqT4BQAAQBAJ}}</ref>{{efn|Examples of phonetically imported Sanskrit words in Chinese include samgha (Chinese: seng), bhiksuni (ni), kasaya (jiasha), namo or namas (namo), and nirvana (niepan). The list of phonetically transcribed and semantically translated words from Sanskrit into Chinese is substantial, states Xiangdong Shi.<ref name="WangSun2015p5"/>}} This process likely started about 200&nbsp;CE and continued through about 1400&nbsp;CE, with the efforts of monks such as Yuezhi, Anxi, Kangju, Tianzhu, Yan Fodiao, Faxian, Xuanzang and [[Yijing (monk)|Yijing]].<ref name="WangSun2015p5" />

Further, as the Chinese languages and culture influenced the rest of East Asia, the ideas in Sanskrit texts and some of its linguistic elements migrated further.<ref name="OrzechSørensen2011">{{cite book |author1=Charles Orzech |author2=Henrik Sørensen |author3=Richard Payne |title=Esoteric Buddhism and the Tantras in East Asia |year=2011 |publisher=BRILL Academic |isbn=978-90-04-18491-6 |pages=985–996 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F0XNX3N1a2AC}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author1=William S.-Y. Wang |author2=Chaofen Sun |title=The Oxford Handbook of Chinese Linguistics |year=2015 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-985633-6 |pages=5–6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YqT4BQAAQBAJ}}</ref>

Many terms were transliterated directly and added to the Chinese vocabulary. Chinese words like {{lang|zh|剎那}} ''chànà'' ([[Devanagari]]: क्षण ''{{IAST|kṣaṇa}}'' 'instantaneous period') were borrowed from Sanskrit. Many Sanskrit texts survive only in Tibetan collections of commentaries to the Buddhist teachings, the [[Tengyur]].

Sanskrit has also influenced the religious register of Japanese mostly through transliterations. These were borrowed from Chinese transliterations.<ref>{{cite web|title=Nichiren Buddhism Library|url=https://www.nichirenlibrary.org/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150222074700/http://www.nichirenlibrary.org/|archive-date=22 February 2015|website=nichirenlibrary.org}}</ref> In particular, the [[Shingon]] ({{Literal translation|True Words}}) sect of esoteric Buddhism has been relying on Sanskrit and original Sanskrit [[mantra]]s and writings, as a means of realizing Buddhahood.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Orzech|first1=Charles|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F0XNX3N1a2AC&pg=PA985|title=Esoteric Buddhism and the Tantras in East Asia|last2=Sørensen|first2=Henrik|last3=Payne|first3=Richard|date=2011|publisher=BRILL|isbn=978-9004184916|page=985}}</ref>