Editing Rector (academia) (section)

===Japan===
[[File:YushimaSeido8678.jpg|thumb|right|90px|Colonnade at the reconstructed ''[[Yushima Seidō]]'' in Tokyo.  The hereditary rectors of this [[Edo period]] institution were selected from the [[Hayashi clan (Confucian scholars)|Hayashi clan]].]]
During the years of the [[Tokugawa shogunate]] (1601–1868), the rector of Edo's Confucian Academy, the ''[[Shōhei-kō]]'' (afterwards known at the ''[[Yushima Seidō]]''), was known by the honorific title ''[[Daigaku-no kami]]'' which, in the context of the Tokugawa hierarchy, can effectively be translated as "Head of the State University".  The rector of the ''Yushima Seidō'' stood at the apex of the country-wide educational and training system which was created and maintained with the personal involvement of successive shōguns.  The position as rector of the ''Yushima Seidō'' became hereditary in the [[Hayashi clan (Confucian scholars)|Hayashi family]].<ref>Ponsonby-Fane, Richard A.B. (1956). ''Kyoto: the Old Capital, 794-1869.'' p. 418.</ref>  The rectors' scholarly reputation was burnished by the publication in 1657 of the seven volumes of  {{nihongo|''[[Survey of the Sovereigns of Japan]]''|日本王代一覧|''[[Nihon Ōdai Ichiran]]''}}<ref>Brownlee, John S. (1999). [https://books.google.com/books?id=eatISvupicUC&dq=john+s+brownlee&pg=PA218  ''Japanese Historians and the National Myths, 1600-1945: The Age of the Gods and Emperor Jinmu,'' p. 218 n14]; N.b., Brownlee misidentifies ''Nihon Ōdai Ichiran'' publication date as 1663 rather than 1657.</ref>  and by the publication in 1670 of the 310 volumes of {{nihongo|''The Comprehensive History of Japan''|本朝通鑑|''Honchō-tsugan''}}.<ref>Brownlee, John. (1991). [https://books.google.com/books?id=YSN1AAAAMAAJ&q=Honcho+tsugan  ''Political Thought in Japanese Historical Writing: From Kojiki (712) to Tokushi Yoron (1712),'' p. 120.]</ref>