Editing Pub (section)

==Cultural associations==
{{See also|List of pubs in the United Kingdom}}
Inns and taverns feature throughout English literature and poetry, from [[the Tabard Inn]] in [[Chaucer]]'s ''[[Canterbury Tales]]'' onwards.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://infomotions.com/etexts/gutenberg/dirs/etext04/nntvl10.htm
|title=Inns and Taverns of Old London
|last=Shelley|first= Henry C. (Henry Charles)
|publisher=infomotions.com
|access-date=21 July 2009
|url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120217094433/http://infomotions.com/etexts/gutenberg/dirs/etext04/nntvl10.htm
|archive-date=17 February 2012}}
</ref>
[[File:Jamaica Inn - geograph.org.uk - 308879.jpg|thumb|right|[[Jamaica Inn]] in Cornwall inspired a novel and a film.]]
The highwayman [[Dick Turpin]] used the Swan Inn at [[Woughton-on-the-Green]] in Buckinghamshire as his base.<ref>{{citation|title=Highwaymen|url=http://www.historic-uk.com/HistoryUK/England-History/Highwaymen.htm|publisher=Historic UK|access-date=13 May 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120205194125/http://www.historic-uk.com/HistoryUK/England-History/Highwaymen.htm|archive-date=5 February 2012}}</ref> [[Jamaica Inn]] near [[Bolventor]] in [[Cornwall]] gave its name to a [[Jamaica Inn (novel)|1936 novel]] by [[Daphne du Maurier]] and a [[Jamaica Inn (film)|1939 film]] directed by [[Alfred Hitchcock]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.britishheritage.com/the-cornwall-of-daphne-du-maurier-2/ |title=The Cornwall of Daphne du Maurier |last1=Paschke |first1=Jean |date=March 2007 |website=britishheritage.com |publisher=British Heritage Society |access-date=3 April 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160302173936/http://www.britishheritage.com/the-cornwall-of-daphne-du-maurier-2/ |archive-date=2 March 2016}}</ref> In the 1920s [[John Fothergill (innkeeper)|John Fothergill]] (1876–1957) was the innkeeper of the Spread Eagle in [[Thame]], Berkshire, and published his autobiography: ''An Innkeeper's Diary'' (London: Chatto & Windus, 1931).<ref>''My Three Inns'', 1949, includes those he kept in Ascot and Market Harborough. There are more recent editions of the diary.</ref> During his idiosyncratic occupancy many famous people came to stay, such as [[H. G. Wells]]. United States president [[George W. Bush]] fulfilled his lifetime ambition of visiting a 'genuine British pub' during his November 2003 state visit to the UK when he had lunch and a pint of non-alcoholic lager (Bush being a teetotaler) with British Prime Minister [[Tony Blair]] at the [[Dun Cow]] pub in [[Sedgefield]], County Durham, in [[Sedgefield (UK Parliament constituency)|Blair's home constituency]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/an-authentic-day-out-fish-and-chips-at-the-dun-cow-for-a-very-reasonable-acircpound1m-736589.html |title=An 'authentic' day out: fish and chips at the Dun Cow, for a very reasonable £1m – This Britain, UK |work=The Independent |access-date=21 July 2009 |last=Milmo |first=Cahal |location=London |date=22 November 2003 }}{{Dead link|date=June 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}
</ref> There were approximately 53,500 public houses in 2009 in the United Kingdom.<ref name="British Beer and Pub Association">{{cite web|url=http://www.beerandpub.com/newsList_detail.aspx?newsId=289 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090726002300/http://www.beerandpub.com/newsList_detail.aspx?newsId=289 |url-status=dead |archive-date=26 July 2009 |title=British Beer and Pub Association |publisher=Beerandpub.com |access-date=22 July 2009 }}</ref> This number has been declining every year, so that nearly half of the smaller villages no longer have a local pub.<ref>
{{cite news
 |url         = https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1584590/Low-sales-force-four-village-pubs-to-close-a-day.html
 |title       = Low sales force four village pubs to close a day – Telegraph
 |work        = The Daily Telegraph
 |access-date  = 22 July 2009
|last        = Alleyne
 |first       = Richard
 |location    = London
 |date        = 10 April 2008
|url-status     = live
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20081202144642/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1584590/Low-sales-force-four-village-pubs-to-close-a-day.html
 |archive-date = 2 December 2008}}
</ref>

===London===
{{See also|List of real London pubs in literature}}
Many of London's pubs are known to have been used by famous people, but in some cases, such as the association between [[Samuel Johnson]] and [[Ye Olde Cheshire Cheese]], this is speculative, based on little more than the fact that the person is known to have lived nearby. However, [[Charles Dickens]] is known to have visited the Cheshire Cheese, the [[Prospect of Whitby]], [[Ye Olde Cock Tavern]] and many others. [[Samuel Pepys]] is also associated with the Prospect of Whitby and the Cock Tavern.

The [[Fitzroy Tavern]]<ref>[http://www.beerintheevening.com/pubs/s/70/703/ Fitzroy Tavern, Fitzrovia, London W1T 2NA] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100930184905/http://www.beerintheevening.com/pubs/s/70/703 |date=30 September 2010 }}.</ref> is a pub situated at 16 [[Charlotte Street]] in the [[Fitzrovia]] district, to which it gives its name. It became famous (or according to others, infamous) during a period spanning the 1920s to the mid-1950s as a meeting place for many of London's artists, [[intellectual]]s and [[Bohemianism|bohemian]]s such as [[Dylan Thomas]], [[Augustus John]], and [[George Orwell]]. Several establishments in [[Soho]], London, have associations with well-known, post-war literary and artistic figures, including the [[Pillars of Hercules (pub)|Pillars of Hercules]], [[the Colony Room]] and the [[Coach and Horses, Soho|Coach and Horses]]. The Canonbury Tavern, [[Canonbury]], was the prototype for Orwell's ideal English pub, ''[[The Moon Under Water]]''.
[[File:The Red Lion, Whitehall, London SW1 - geograph.org.uk - 1419086.jpg|thumb|right|The Red Lion in [[Whitehall]] is close to the [[Houses of Parliament]] and is frequented by [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|Members of Parliament]] (MPs) and political journalists.]]
The [[Red Lion, Westminster|Red Lion]] in [[Whitehall]] is close to the [[Palace of Westminster]] and is consequently used by political journalists and [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|Members of Parliament]] (MPs). The pub is equipped with a [[Division bell]] that summons MPs back to the chamber when they are required to take part in a vote.<ref>{{cite news |title=Westminster: For whom the division bell tolls |first=Nick |last=Lloyd-Jones |newspaper=The Independent |date=4 May 2005 |url=https://www.questia.com/library/1P2-1941469/uk-focus-westminster-for-whom-the-division-bell |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130602084949/http://www.questia.com/library/1P2-1941469/uk-focus-westminster-for-whom-the-division-bell |url-status=dead |archive-date=2 June 2013 | location=London}}</ref> [[The Punch Bowl, Mayfair]] was at one time jointly owned by [[Madonna]] and [[Guy Ritchie]].<ref name=Telegraph>{{cite news | date = 20 November 2009 | title = Madonna and Guy Ritchie reach divorce settlement |work=The Daily Telegraph  |author1=Gammell, Caroline  |author2=Singh, Anita   |name-list-style=amp | url = https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/celebritynews/3490550/Madonna-and-Guy-Ritchie-reach-divorce-settlement.html | archive-url = https://archive.today/20130505063252/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/celebritynews/3490550/Madonna-and-Guy-Ritchie-reach-divorce-settlement.html | url-status = dead | archive-date = 5 May 2013 | access-date =17 December 2009 | location=London}}</ref> The [[Coleherne public house]] in [[Earls Court]] was a well-known gay pub from the 1950s. It attracted many well-known patrons, such as [[Freddie Mercury]], [[Kenny Everett]] and [[Rudolph Nureyev]]. It was used by the serial-killer [[Colin Ireland]] to pick up victims.

[[Jack Straw's Castle, Hampstead|Jack Straw's Castle]] was a pub named after [[Jack Straw (rebel leader)|Jack Straw]], one of the three leaders of [[Peasants' Revolt]], the pub was active since the 14th century until its destruction by [[the Blitz]] during the [[Second World War]].

In 1966 [[the Blind Beggar]] in [[Whitechapel]] became infamous as the scene of a murder committed by gangster [[Ronnie Kray]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/march/4/newsid_2515000/2515103.stm |title=BBC ON THIS DAY &#124; 1969: Kray twins guilty of McVitie murder |work=BBC News |date=4 March 1976 |access-date=9 March 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071227225232/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/march/4/newsid_2515000/2515103.stm |archive-date=27 December 2007}}</ref> The [[Ten Bells]] is associated with several of the victims of [[Jack the Ripper]]. In 1955, [[Ruth Ellis]], the last woman executed in the United Kingdom, shot David Blakely as he emerged from the Magdala in [[South Hill Park (London street)|South Hill Park]], [[Hampstead]],<ref>[http://www.fancyapint.com/pubs/pub526.html "The Magdala"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090331225736/http://www.fancyapint.com/pubs/pub526.html |date=31 March 2009 }} ''FancyaPint.com'' (Retrieved 13 February 2010)</ref> the bullet holes can still be seen in the walls outside. It is said that [[Vladimir Lenin]] and a young [[Joseph Stalin]] met in the Crown and Anchor pub (now known as the Crown Tavern) on [[Clerkenwell Green]] when the latter was visiting London in 1903.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.shadyoldlady.com/location.php?loc=2007|title=Lenin and Stalin met here|website=Shady Old Lady's Guide to London|access-date=13 May 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120309235124/http://www.shadyoldlady.com/location.php?loc=2007|archive-date=9 March 2012}}</ref>

[[The Angel, Islington]] was formerly a [[coaching inn]], the first on the [[Great North Road (Great Britain)|Great North Road]], the main route northwards out of London, where [[Thomas Paine]] is believed to have written much of ''[[Rights of Man]]'' (1791). It was mentioned by Charles Dickens, became a [[Lyons Corner House]], and is now a [[The Co-operative Bank|Co-operative Bank]].

===Oxford and Cambridge===
[[The Eagle and Child]] and the [[Lamb & Flag (Oxford)|Lamb and Flag]], Oxford, were regular meeting places of the [[Inklings]], a writers' group that included [[J. R. R. Tolkien]] and [[C. S. Lewis]]. [[The Eagle (pub)|The Eagle]] in Cambridge is where [[Francis Crick]] interrupted patrons' lunchtime on 28 February 1953 to announce that he and [[James Watson]] had "discovered the secret of life" after they had come up with their proposal for the structure of [[DNA]].<ref>Regis, Ed (2009) ''What Is Life?: investigating the nature of life in the age of synthetic biology''. Oxford: [[Oxford University Press]] {{ISBN|0-19-538341-9}}; p. 52</ref> The anecdote is related in Watson's book ''[[The Double Helix]]''.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/2804545.stm|title='Secret of life' discovery turns 50|publisher=BBC|date=27 February 2003|first=Ivan|last=Noble|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100909020559/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/2804545.stm|archive-date=9 September 2010}}</ref> and commemorated with a blue plaque on the outside wall.