Editing Psychosis (section)

=== Classification ===
The word was also used to distinguish a condition considered a disorder of the mind, as opposed to ''[[neurosis]]'', which was considered a disorder of the nervous system.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Berrios GE |date=July 1987 |title=Historical aspects of psychoses: 19th century issues |journal=British Medical Bulletin |volume=43 |issue=3 |pages=484–498 |doi=10.1093/oxfordjournals.bmb.a072197 |pmid=3322481}}</ref> The psychoses thus became the modern equivalent of the old notion of [[Insanity|madness]], and hence there was much debate on whether there was only one [[Unitary psychosis|(unitary)]] or many forms of the new disease.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Berrios GE, Beer D |date=March 1994 |title=The notion of a unitary psychosis: a conceptual history |journal=History of Psychiatry |volume=5 |issue=17 Pt 1 |pages=13–36 |doi=10.1177/0957154X9400501702 |pmid=11639278 |s2cid=21417530}}</ref> One type of broad usage would later be narrowed down by [[Julius Ludwig August Koch|Koch]] in 1891 to the 'psychopathic inferiorities'—later renamed abnormal personalities by [[Kurt Schneider|Schneider]].<ref name="Burgy" />

The division of the major psychoses into manic depressive illness (now called [[bipolar disorder]]) and dementia praecox (now called [[schizophrenia]]) was made by [[Emil Kraepelin]], who attempted to create a synthesis of the various mental disorders identified by 19th-century [[Psychiatry|psychiatrists]], by grouping diseases together based on classification of common symptoms. Kraepelin used the term 'manic depressive insanity' to describe the whole spectrum of [[mood disorder]]s, in a far wider sense than it is usually used today.

In Kraepelin's classification this would include 'unipolar' [[clinical depression]], as well as bipolar disorder and other mood disorders such as [[cyclothymia]]. These are characterised by problems with mood control and the psychotic episodes appear associated with disturbances in mood, and patients often have periods of normal functioning between psychotic episodes even without medication. [[Schizophrenia]] is characterized by psychotic episodes that appear unrelated to disturbances in mood, and most non-medicated patients show signs of disturbance between psychotic episodes.