Editing Penang (section)

===Arts===
[[File:Motion And Stillness (243518115).jpeg|thumb|[[Ernest Zacharevic]]'s ''Children on a Bicycle'' at [[Armenian Street, George Town|Armenian Street]] in [[George Town, Penang|George Town]]. This mural was among ''[[The Guardian]]'''s compilation of graffiti destinations worldwide in 2013.<ref name="Chang-2014">{{Cite journal |last=Chang |first=Shu Fun |date=2014 |title=Street Art Sparkle as a New Economic Driver in Penang |url=http://eprints.usm.my/38640/1/FULL_PAPER_002.pdf |journal=[[Universiti Sains Malaysia]] }}</ref>]]
[[Bangsawan]] is a form of Malay theatre that originated in Penang at the end of the 19th century, and incorporates Indian, Western, Islamic, Chinese and Indonesian influences. It was a popular outdoor performance in the 1920s.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hon |first=Yi Wen |date=13 August 2007 |title=Keeping Bangsawan Alive |url=https://www.malaysiakini.com/rentakini/71099 |access-date=7 December 2023 |work=[[Malaysiakini]] }}</ref> Another unique form of theatre that began in Penang is [[Boria (theatre)|boria]], which features singing accompanied by violin, maracas and tabla. Boria reached the height of its popularity in the 1930s and was typically performed as a form of satire. While the British imposed a ban on boria in [[Singapore in the Straits Settlements|Singapore]] and [[Malacca]], the art form was never banned in Penang.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Opalyn Mok |date=30 January 2019 |title=The Story of How Boria Evolved from a Passion Play into Parody Theatre |url=https://www.malaymail.com/news/life/2019/01/30/the-story-of-how-boria-evolved-from-a-passion-play-into-parody-theatre/1717841 |access-date=7 December 2023 |work=[[Malay Mail]] }}</ref>

Apart from traditional forms of art, the [[Penang Philharmonic Orchestra]], funded by the state, was established in 2010 to elevate the standard of [[classical music]] in Penang. [[Dewan Sri Pinang]] and [[Setia SPICE]] in George Town are the main venues for performing arts and concerts within the state.<ref name="PCEB-2022a">{{Cite journal |title=Penang Meeting Planners Guide 2022-23 |url=https://www.pceb.my/pceb_miceguide.pdf |journal=Penang Convention & Exhibition Bureau }}</ref>

[[George Town, Penang|George Town]] is a hub for the arts and culture scene in Malaysia. The inscription of parts of George Town as a [[Historic Cities of the Straits of Malacca#George Town|UNESCO World Heritage Site]] has enhanced cultural and creative industries within the city.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Khoo |first=Suet Leng |date=19 March 2023 |title=Positioning the Creative City Agenda Within Urban Policy Discourse: The Malaysian Scenario |url=http://web.usm.my/km/earlyView/84_KM-OA-08-21-0173.R3.pdf |journal=Journal of Malaysian Studies |via=[[Universiti Sains Malaysia]]}}</ref> In 2012, Lithuanian artist [[Ernest Zacharevic]] created a series of six wall paintings depicting local culture, inhabitants and lifestyles as part of the [[George Town Festival]]. The city is also adorned with 52 wrought iron caricatures and 18 wall murals that showcase the city's history and the daily lives of the local community.<ref name="Chang-2014" /> Additionally, art exhibitions are held at the city's event spaces like the [[Hin Bus Depot]] and [[Sia Boey Urban Archaeological Park|Sia Boey]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nicole Chang |date=2017 |title=Hin Bus Depot – Derelict No More |url=http://penangmonthly.com/article.aspx?pageid=7438&name=hin_bus_depot_derelict_no_more |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180220034706/http://penangmonthly.com/article.aspx?pageid=7438&name=hin_bus_depot_derelict_no_more |archive-date=20 February 2018 |access-date=27 May 2017 |website=Penang Monthly }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Places |url=https://gtwhi.com.my/our-work/places/ |access-date=8 December 2023 |website=[[George Town World Heritage Incorporated]] |language=en-US }}</ref>

Penang's literary heritage stems from the colonial-era [[Peranakan Chinese]] literature and its role as a translation hub in [[British Malaya|Malaya]], where prior to [[World War II]], the publishing industry facilitated the translation of [[Chinese literature|Chinese]] and [[Western literature|Western]] literary works into [[Malay language|Malay]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Neil Khor |first=Jin Keong |date=2009 |title=Peranakan Chinese Literature in Penang and the Region: With an Emphasis on Anglophone Penang Peranakan Writing |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41493752 |journal=[[Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society]] |volume=82 |issue=2 |pages=131–143 |jstor=41493752  }}</ref><ref name="Ramli 2017">{{Cite journal |last=Ramli |first=Mohd Izzuddin |date=26 September 2017 |title=Reclaiming Penang's Historical Role as a Prominent Literary Translation Hub |url=https://penanginstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/jml/files/issues/sept_26_2017_DIN_download.pdf |journal=Penang Institute }}</ref> Post-independence, the state's literary scene has diversified, with independent local publishers and retailers such as Areca Books, Gerakbudaya and the [[George Town World Heritage Incorporated]] running alongside major bookstore chains like [[Popular Holdings]] and [[MPH Group]].<ref name="Ramli 2017" />