Editing Patronymic (section)

====Iberian languages====
{{see also|Spanish naming customs|Portuguese naming customs}}
In the past, both in Spanish and Portuguese, the endings ''-ez'' and ''-es'' tended to be conflated since pronunciation was quite similar in the two languages. Today, Portuguese has been fully standardized to ''-es''; Spanish is also standardized to ''-ez'', but it is very common to see archaic endings in ''-es''. For instance, [[Pires (disambiguation)|Pires]]/[[Peres]] and [[Pérez]] are the modern equivalents of English "[[Peterson (name)|Peterson]]" in Portuguese and Spanish.

In [[Portugal]], there are some surnames that had a patronymic genesis but, while still common, no longer indicate patronymic usage. For instance, ''Álvares'' was the son of ''Álvaro'' and ''Gonçalves'' was the son of ''Gonçalo'' (it was the case of [[Nuno Álvares Pereira]], son of Álvaro and Gonçalves Pereira, son of Gonçalo Pereira). Other cases include ''Rodrigues'' (''son of Rodrigo''), ''Nunes'' (''son of Nuno'') and ''Fernandes'' (''son of Fernando'').
In the same way, the surname Soares means son of Soeiro (in Latin Suarius). It comes from Latin Suaricius (son of Suarius); the Latin [[genitive]] suffix ''-icius/a'' was used to indicate a patronymic. Later it became Suáriz, Suárez (both Spanish), and eventually Soares (Portuguese). Another theory attributes the Iberian -ez style patronymics to Germanic (Visigothic) rather than Latin influence.<ref name=port-names1 /><ref name=port-names2 />

Spanish patronyms follow a similar pattern to the Portuguese (e.g., [[López]]: son of Lope; [[Fernández]]: son of Fernando; [[Martínez (surname)|Martínez]]: son of Martín; [[Rodríguez (surname)|Rodríguez]]: son of Rodrigo; [[Álvarez (surname)|Álvarez]]: son of Álvaro). Common endings include -ez, -az, -iz, -is and -oz. However, not all surnames with similar endings are necessarily patronymic. For example, Chávez is not the son of ''Chavo'', but comes from [[Galician language|Galician]] or [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] ''chaves'', meaning "keys", with the "s" denoting the plural form of ''chave'', as is the case of key/keys in English.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Roth |first=Elsbeth Anne |date=2002 |title=16th Century Spanish Names |url=https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~kvs/heraldry/spanish16/ |access-date=30 June 2015 |publisher=Carnegie Mellon University School of Computer Science}}</ref>

However, these kinds of surnames were unusual outside the [[Crown of Castile]]. Apart from natural spelling variations (such as using Giménez or Ximénez), modern orthographic standardisation in each Iberian dialect brought a number of crossed versions. It is possible to find the [[Catalan language]] politician Jordi Sànchez (whose surname, while Spanish, has a grave accent – characteristic of Catalan – instead of the acute accent used in Spanish) or the journalist Vicenç Sanchis (who spells his surname in a way that is closer to Catalan, but with the ch digraph characteristic of Spanish).

Due to the letters, z and s being pronounced alike in [[Latin American]] dialects of Spanish, many non-patronymic surnames with an -es have come to be written with an -ez. In Hispano-American Spanish, the -ez spellings of [[Chávez (surname)|Chávez]] ([[Hugo Chávez]]), [[Cortes (surname)|Cortez]] ([[Alberto Cortez]]) and [[Valdez (surname)|Valdez]] ([[Nelson Valdez]]) are not patronymic surnames, but simply variant spellings of the Iberian Spanish spelling with -es, as in the names of [[Manuel Chaves (politician)|Manuel Chaves]], [[Hernán Cortés]] and [[Víctor Valdés]]. For more on the -z surnames in Spanish see [[Influences on the Spanish language]].

A list of some Iberian patronymics:<ref name="port-names1">{{Cite web |last=Luna |first=Juliana de |date=1998 |title=Portuguese Names 1350–1450 |url=http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/juliana/portuguese/ |access-date=30 June 2015 |publisher=The Academy of Saint Gabriel}}</ref><ref name="port-names2">{{Cite web |last=Luna |first=Juliana de |date=June 1999 |title=Portuguese Names from the 16th Century |url=http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/juliana/portugal16/ |access-date=30 June 2015 |publisher=The Academy of Saint Gabriel}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Nombres y Patronímicos Leoneses, s. X |url=http://www.historiaviva.org/nombres/nombres_leon10.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924030339/http://www.historiaviva.org/nombres/nombres_leon10.html |archive-date=24 September 2015 |access-date=30 June 2015 |publisher=Historia Viva}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=1999–2000 |title=Spanish Names from the Late 15th Century: Patronymic Surnames |url=http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/juliana/isabella/patronymic.html |access-date=30 June 2015 |publisher=The Academy of Saint Gabriel}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=1999–2000 |title=Spanish Names from the Late 15th Century |url=http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/juliana/isabella/patronymic.html |access-date=30 June 2015 |publisher=The Academy of Saint Gabriel}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2002 |title=16th Century Spanish Names – Patronymics by Frequency |url=https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~kvs/heraldry/spanish16/patro-freq.html |access-date=30 June 2015 |publisher=The Academy of Saint Gabriel}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" align="center" 
|- 
!Original given name
!Castilian patronymic
!Galician-Portuguese patronymic
|- 
|Álvaro
|Álvarez
|Álvares, Alves
|- 
|Antom, Antão, António
|Antúnez
|Antunes
|- 
|Benito, Bento, Bieito
|Benítez
|Bentes, Bieites, Viéitez
|- 
|Bermudo, Vermudo
|Bermúdez, Vermúdez
|Bermudes
|- 
|Bernardo
|Bernárdez
|Bernardes
|- 
|[[Diego]], [[Diogo (name)|Diogo]]
|Díaz, Díez, Diéguez
|Dias, Diegues
|- 
|Domingo, Domingos
|Domínguez
|Domingues
|- 
|Egaz, Egas
|Viegaz
|Viegas
|- 
|Enrique, Henrique
|Enríquez
|Henriques
|- 
|Ermígio, Hermígio
|Ermíguez
|Hermigues
|- 
|Esteban, Estêvão
|Estébanez
|Esteves, Estévez
|-
|Facundo
|Fagúndez
|Fagundes
|- 
|Fáfila, Fávila
|Fáfez, Fáfilaz
|Fafes, Fáfilas
|- 
|Fernão, Fernando
|Fernández
|Fernandes
|- 
|Froila, Fruela
|Fróilaz, Fruelaz
|Froilas, Fruelas
|- 
|García, Garcia
|Garcés
|Garcês
|- 
|Geraldo
|Geráldez
|Geraldes
|- 
|Godinho, Godím
|Godins, Godínez
|Godins
|- 
|Gomes<sup>1</sup>
|Gómez
|Gomes
|- 
|Gonzalo, Gonçalo
|González
|Gonçalves
|- 
|Gutier, Gutierre, Guterre²
|Gutiérrez
|Guterres
|- 
|Juan, João<br />(from the Latin ''Ioannes'')
|Yáñez, Yanes, Ibáñez 
|Eanes, Anes
|- 
|Lope, Lopo<sup>1</sup>
|López
|Lopes
|- 
|Marco, Marcos
|Márquez
|Marques
|- 
|Martín, Martim, Martinho
|Martínez
|Martins
|- 
|Menendo, Mendo, Mem, <sup>1</sup>
|Menéndez, Méndez
|Mendes
|- 
|Muño, Monio<sup>1</sup>
|Muñoz
|Moniz
|- 
|Nuño, Nuno
|Núñez
|Nunes
|- 
|Ordoño, Ordonho
|Ordóñez
|Ordonhes
|- 
|Pelayo, Paio<sup>1</sup>
|Peláez, Páez
|Paes, Pais
|- 
|Pero, Pedro
|Pérez, Píriz
|Peres, Pires
|- 
|Ramiro
|Ramírez
|Ramires
|- 
|Rodrigo
|Rodríguez
|Rodrigues
|- 
|Ruy, Rui-Roi³
|Ruíz
|Ruis, Rois
|- 
|Sancho
|Sánchez
|Sanches
|- 
|Suero, Soeiro<sup>1</sup>
|Suárez
|Soares
|- 
|Tello, Telo
|Téllez
|Teles
|-
|Varão
|Varón
|Varão
|- 
|Velasco, Vasco
|Velázquez, Vázquez
|Vasques, Vaz
|- 
|Vímara
|Vimaránez
|Vimaranes, Guimarães
|- 
|Ximeno, Jimeno, Gimeno, Chemene, Exemeno<sup>1</sup>
|Ximénez, Jiménez, Jimenes, Ximenes, Giménez, Gimenes, Chiménez, Chimenes, Seménez, Semenes, Ximenis, Eiximenis, Scimemi, Scimeni, Chimenz, Jimeno, Eiximinis, Eximenis
|Ximenes
|}
#<small>Archaic given name, not in use.</small>
#<small>Archaic given name, not in use. Equivalent to the German ''Gunther''.</small>
#<small>''Ruy'' or ''Rui'' is an archaic hypocoristic form of ''Rodrigo''.</small>