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== General references == {{Refbegin|30em}} * {{Cite book |last1=Badash |first1=Lawrence |date=2009-07-10 |title=A Nuclear Winter's Tale |publisher=Massachusetts Institute of Technology |isbn=978-0-26225799-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y8M5vx-Lrk0C |access-date=2016-06-04 |archive-date=2014-01-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140112051702/http://books.google.com/books?id=y8M5vx-Lrk0C |url-status=live }} * {{cite book |author-link1=Mikhail Budyko |last1=Budyko |first1=M. I. |author-link2=Georgy Golitsyn |first2=G. S. |last2=Golitsyn |first3=Y. A. |last3=Izrael |title=Global Climatic Catastrophes |publisher=Springer |date=September 1988 |isbn=978-0-387-18647-4 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/globalclimaticca0000budy }} * {{Cite book |author=Committee on the Atmospheric Effects of Nuclear Explosions |title=The Effects on the Atmosphere of a Major Nuclear Exchange |place=Washington D.C. |publisher=National Academy Press |doi=10.17226/540 |year=1985 |isbn=978-0-309-03528-6 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/effectsonatmosph0000nati |access-date=2009-10-11 }} * {{cite journal |author-link1=Paul J. Crutzen |first1=Paul J. |last1=Crutzen |first2=John W. |last2=Birks |title=The Atmosphere After a Nuclear War: Twilight at Noon |journal=Ambio |volume=11 |issue=2β3 |page=114 |date=1982 }} * {{cite report |last=Goure |first=Leon |date=1985-06-05 |title=Soviet exploitation of the 'nuclear winter' hypothesis |id=DNA-TR-84-373 |url=http://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a165794.pdf |access-date=2016-02-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160223213627/http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a165794.pdf |archive-date=2016-02-23 |url-status=live }} * {{cite report |last=Goure |first=L. |date=1986-09-16 |title=An update of Soviet research on and exploitation of 'nuclear winter', 1984β1986 |id=DNA-TR-86-404 |url=http://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a191488.pdf |access-date=2014-06-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714212740/http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a191488.pdf |archive-date=2014-07-14 |url-status=live }} * {{cite book |author=Harwell, Mark A. |title=Nuclear Winter: The Human and Environmental Consequences of Nuclear War |publisher=Springer |date=November 1984 |isbn=978-0-387-96093-7 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/nuclearwinterhum0000harw }} * {{cite report|author=Interagency Intelligence Assessment|year=1984|title=The Soviet Approach to Nuclear Winter|url=http://www.foia.cia.gov/sites/default/files/document_conversions/89801/DOC_0000284025.pdf|access-date=2014-06-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130718020015/http://www.foia.cia.gov/sites/default/files/document_conversions/89801/DOC_0000284025.pdf|archive-date=2013-07-18|url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last1=Mills|first1=Michael J.|last2=Toon|first2=Owen B.|last3=Turco|first3=Richard P. |last4=Kinnison |first4=Douglas E. |last5=Garcia |first5=Rolando R. |title=Massive global ozone loss predicted following regional nuclear conflict |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=105 |issue=14 |pages=5307β12 |date=2008 |pmid=18391218 |pmc=2291128 |doi=10.1073/pnas.0710058105 |bibcode=2008PNAS..105.5307M |doi-access=free }} * {{cite journal |last1=Mills|first1=Michael J.|last2=Toon|first2=Owen B.|last3=Lee-Taylor|first3=Julia |last4=Robock |first4=Alan |title=Multi-decadal global cooling and unprecedented ozone loss following a regional nuclear conflict |journal=Earth's Future |volume=2 |issue=4 |pages=161β76 |date=2014 |doi=10.1002/2013EF000205 |bibcode=2014AGUFMGC41C0580M |s2cid=9582735 }} * {{cite book |author-link1=Nikita Moiseyev |first1=N. N. |last1=Moiseyev |title=Man, nature and the future of civilization: "nuclear winter" and the problem of a "permissible threshold" |publisher=Novosti Press Agency |location=Moscow |year=1986 |oclc=15504635}} * {{cite journal |last1=Robock |first1=Alan |last2=Oman |first2=Luke |last3=Stenchikov |first3=Georgiy L. |last4=Toon |first4=Owen B. |last5=Bardeen |first5=Charles |last6=Turco |first6=Richard P. |name-list-style=amp |title=Climatic consequences of regional nuclear conflicts |journal=Atmos. Chem. Phys. |volume=7 |issue=8 |pages=2003β12 |date=2007 |url=http://climate.envsci.rutgers.edu/pdf/acp-7-2003-2007.pdf |bibcode=2007ACP.....7.2003R |doi=10.5194/acp-7-2003-2007 |doi-access=free |access-date=2007-12-05 |archive-date=2013-06-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130629153655/http://climate.envsci.rutgers.edu/pdf/acp-7-2003-2007.pdf |url-status=live }} * {{cite journal |last1=Robock |first1=Alan |last2=Oman |first2=Luke |last3=Stenchikov |first3=Georgiy L. |name-list-style=amp |title=Nuclear winter revisited with a modern climate model and current nuclear arsenals: Still catastrophic consequences |journal=J. Geophys. Res. |volume=112 |pages=D13107 |date=2007 |issue=D13 |doi=10.1029/2006JD008235 |url=http://climate.envsci.rutgers.edu/pdf/RobockNW2006JD008235.pdf |bibcode=2007JGRD..11213107R |doi-access=free |access-date=2007-12-05 |archive-date=2011-09-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928005224/http://climate.envsci.rutgers.edu/pdf/RobockNW2006JD008235.pdf |url-status=live }} * {{cite journal |doi=10.5194/acp-7-1973-2007 |last1=Toon |first1=Owen B. |last2=Turco |first2=Richard P. |last3=Robock |first3=Alan |last4=Bardeen |first4=Charles |last5=Oman |first5=Luke |last6=Stenchikov |first6=Georgiy L. |name-list-style=amp |title=Atmospheric effects and societal consequences of regional scale nuclear conflicts and acts of individual nuclear terrorism |journal=Atmos. Chem. Phys. |volume=7 |issue=8 |pages=1973β2002 |date=2007 |url=http://climate.envsci.rutgers.edu/pdf/acp-7-1973-2007.pdf |bibcode=2007ACP.....7.1973T |doi-access=free |archive-date=2011-09-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928005320/http://climate.envsci.rutgers.edu/pdf/acp-7-1973-2007.pdf }} * {{cite journal |last1=Toon |first1=Owen B. |last2=Robock |first2=Alan |last3=Turco |first3=Richard P. |last4=Bardeen |first4=Charles |last5=Oman |first5=Luke |last6=Stenchikov |first6=Georgiy L. |name-list-style=amp |title=Consequences of regional-scale nuclear conflicts |journal=Science |volume=315 |issue=5816 |pages=1224β25 |date=2007 |doi=10.1126/science.1137747 |pmid=17332396 |s2cid=129644628 |url=http://climate.envsci.rutgers.edu/pdf/SciencePolicyForumNW.pdf |access-date=2007-12-05 |archive-date=2011-09-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928005359/http://climate.envsci.rutgers.edu/pdf/SciencePolicyForumNW.pdf |url-status=live }} * {{cite journal |last1=Toon |first1=Owen B. |last2=Robock |first2=Alan |last3=Turco |first3=Richard P. |title=Environmental consequences of nuclear war |journal=Physics Today |volume=61 |issue= 12|pages=37β42 |date=December 2008 |doi=10.1063/1.3047679 |bibcode=2008PhT....61l..37T |doi-access=free}} * {{cite journal |last1=Turco |first1=R.P. |last2=Toon |first2=O.B. |last3=Ackerman |first3=T.P. |last4=Pollack |first4=J.B. |last5=Sagan |first5=C. |title=Nuclear Winter: Global Consequences of Multiple Nuclear Explosions |journal=Science |volume=222 |issue=4630 |pages=1283β1292 |date=December 23, 1983 |doi=10.1126/science.222.4630.1283 |bibcode=1983Sci...222.1283T |s2cid=45515251 |pmid=17773320 }} * {{cite journal |last1=Turco |first1=R.P. |last2=Toon |first2=O.B. |last3=Ackerman |first3=T.P. |last4=Pollack |first4=J.B. |last5=Sagan |first5=C. |title=Climate and Smoke: An Appraisal of Nuclear Winter |journal=Science |volume=247 |issue=4939 |pages=167β168 |date=January 12, 1990 |doi=10.1126/science.11538069 |bibcode=1990Sci...247..166T |citeseerx=10.1.1.584.8478 |pmid=11538069 }} {{Refend}} === Citations === {{Reflist|refs= <ref name="Robock Toon 2012">{{Cite journal |last1=Robock |first1=Alan |last2=Toon |first2=Owen Brian |date=SeptemberβOctober 2012 |title=Self-assured destruction: The climate impacts of nuclear war |journal=Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists |volume=68 |issue=5 |pages=66β74 |doi=10.1177/0096340212459127 |bibcode=2012BuAtS..68e..66R |s2cid=14377214 |via=SAGE |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0096340212459127 |access-date=13 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224141904/https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0096340212459127 |archive-date=24 February 2021 |url-status=live }} [http://climate.envsci.rutgers.edu/pdf/RobockToonSAD.pdf Alternative PDF] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190903152416/http://climate.envsci.rutgers.edu/pdf/RobockToonSAD.pdf |date=2019-09-03 }}</ref> <ref name=autogenerated3>{{cite web |author=Alan Robock |title=Climatic Consequences of Nuclear Conflict |url=http://climate.envsci.rutgers.edu/nuclear/ |website=climate.envsci.rutgers.edu |access-date=2007-12-05 |archive-date=2011-09-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928005214/http://climate.envsci.rutgers.edu/nuclear/ }}{{reliable source|date=June 2015}}{{clarify|date=September 2021|reason=Which article?}}{{better source needed|date=September 2021|reason=This is a dynamic (changing) web page that consists of references to other pages and articles.}}</ref> }}
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