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== Transportation == === Rail === [[File:New Haven Union Station from Union Avenue, December 2016.JPG|thumb|right|[[Union Station (New Haven)|Union Station]] in 2016]] New Haven has two railroad stations, connected to New York City and points along the Northeast Corridor by [[commuter rail]], [[regional rail]] and [[inter-city rail]]. Service is provided by: * [[Metro-North Railroad]]'s [[New Haven Line]] (commuter rail) to points west, such as Bridgeport, Stamford, Greenwich, and New York City * [[Shore Line East]] (commuter rail) to points east, such as Old Saybrook and New London, with limited rush-hour service west to Stamford * [[Hartford Line]] (commuter rail) to points north, such as Meriden, Hartford, Windsor, and Springfield, Massachusetts * [[Amtrak]] (regional and intercity rail) The city's main railroad station is the historic [[Beaux-Arts architecture|Beaux-Arts]] [[Union Station (New Haven)|Union Station]], which serves Metro-North, Hartford Line, and Shore Line East commuter trains. Approximately 175 trains serve Union Station on weekdays. Union Station is also served by four Amtrak lines: the ''[[Northeast Regional]]'' and the [[high-speed rail|high-speed]] ''[[Acela Express]]'' provide service to New York, Washington, D.C., and [[Boston]], and rank as the first and second busiest routes in the country; the [[New Haven–Springfield Line]] provides service to [[Hartford, Connecticut|Hartford]] and [[Springfield, Massachusetts]]; and the ''[[Vermonter (train)|Vermonter]]'' provides service to both Washington, D.C., and [[Vermont]], {{convert|15|mi|km}} from the [[Canada–United States border|Canada–US border]]. An additional station, [[State Street Station (New Haven)|State Street Station]], was opened in 2002, providing passengers easier access to [[downtown New Haven]]. State Street Station is currently serviced by Shore Line East and Hartford Line trains, plus some peak-hour Metro-North trips. === Bus === [[File:CT bus342face.JPG|thumb|A [[Connecticut Transit New Haven|New Haven Division]] bus in [[Downtown New Haven]], near the Green]] The [[Connecticut Transit New Haven|New Haven Division]] of [[Connecticut Transit]] (CT Transit), the state's bus system, is the second largest division in the state with 24 routes. All routes originate from the [[New Haven Green]], making it the central transfer hub of the city. Service is provided to 19 different municipalities throughout [[Greater New Haven]]. Bus routes were formerly identified by letters, but as of October 8, 2017, all service was renamed using 200-series numbers, in accordance with a renumbering of CTtransit's statewide services.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cttransit.com/news/important-information-regarding-route-renumbering-and-renaming-cttransits-new-haven-area-bus |title=Important information regarding the route renumbering and renaming for CTtransit's New Haven-area bus routes |date=August 30, 2017 |website=CTtransit |access-date=February 25, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180322204718/https://www.cttransit.com/news/important-information-regarding-route-renumbering-and-renaming-cttransits-new-haven-area-bus |archive-date=March 22, 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref> CT Transit's Union Station Shuttle provides free service from Union Station to the New Haven Green and several New Haven parking garages. [[Peter Pan Bus Lines|Peter Pan]] and [[Greyhound Lines|Greyhound]] bus lines have scheduled stops at Union Station, and connections downtown can be made via the Union Station Shuttle. A private company operates the New Haven/Hartford Express which provides commuter bus service to Hartford. The Yale University Shuttle provides free transportation around New Haven for Yale students, faculty, and staff. The New Haven Division buses follow routes that had originally been covered by [[tram|trolley]] service. [[Horsecar|Horse-drawn streetcars]] began operating in New Haven in the 1860s, and by the mid-1890s all the lines had become electric. In the 1920s and 1930s, some of the trolley lines began to be replaced by bus lines, with the last trolley route converted to bus in 1948. The City of New Haven is in the very early stages of considering the restoration of streetcar (light-rail) service, which has been absent since the postwar period.<ref>{{cite web |last=Bailey |first=Melissa |url=http://www.newhavenindependent.org/archives/2007/12/a_streetcar_com.php |title=A Streetcar Comeback? |publisher=New Haven Independent |access-date=July 23, 2014 |archive-date=June 28, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140628042117/http://www.newhavenindependent.org/archives/2007/12/a_streetcar_com.php |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Appel |first=Allan |url=http://www.newhavenindependent.org/archives/2008/03/street_cars_new.php |title=Where To Catch The Streetcar |publisher=New Haven Independent |access-date=July 23, 2014 |archive-date=June 28, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140628142330/http://www.newhavenindependent.org/archives/2008/03/street_cars_new.php |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.newhavenindependent.org/archives/upload/2008/03/New%20Haven%20Streetcar%20a%20Catalyst.pdf |title=TransSystems: New Haven Electric StreetCar A Catalyst for Development |website=New Haven Independent |access-date=July 23, 2014 |archive-date=June 27, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140627204551/http://www.newhavenindependent.org/archives/upload/2008/03/New%20Haven%20Streetcar%20a%20Catalyst.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.scrcog.org/toc_files/New%20Haven%20Streetcar%20Report.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929201156/http://www.scrcog.org/toc_files/New%20Haven%20Streetcar%20Report.pdf |url-status=dead |title=TranSystems/Stone Consulting & Design, "New Haven Streetcar Assessment", April 2008. |archive-date=September 29, 2011 }}</ref> === Bicycle === ==== Bikeshare ==== On February 21, 2018, New Haven officially launched its '''Bike New Haven''' bikeshare program.<ref name=":0">{{cite news |url=http://wshu.org/post/new-haven-launches-bike-share-program#stream/0 |title=New Haven Launches Bike Share Program |last=Moaton |first=Anthony |date=February 21, 2018 |work=WSHU |access-date=February 25, 2018 |archive-date=February 21, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180221194102/http://wshu.org/post/new-haven-launches-bike-share-program#stream/0 |url-status=live }}</ref> based on dockless technology powered by Noa Technologies<ref>{{cite web |url=https://apps.apple.com/us/app/bike-new-haven/id1349187233 |title=Bike New Haven |website=iTunes App Store |access-date=February 25, 2018 |archive-date=March 7, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180307022547/https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/bike-new-haven/id1349187233?mt=8 |url-status=live }}</ref> At time of launch, the program features 10 docking stations and 100 bikes, spread throughout the urban core; there are plans to reach 30 bike stations and 300 bikes by the end of April 2018.<ref name=":0" /> The launch of the New Haven bikeshare program coincided with the launch of Yale University's own bikeshare program, which uses the same technology powered by Noa.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://to.yale.edu/news/yale-launches-new-bikeshare-program |title=Yale Launches New Bikeshare Program |last=Connor |first=Sullivan |date=December 4, 2017 |work=Yale Transportation |access-date=February 25, 2018 |archive-date=May 22, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200522163035/https://to.yale.edu/news/yale-launches-new-bikeshare-program |url-status=live }}</ref> ==== Bike lanes ==== In 2004, the first bike lane in the city was added to Orange Street, connecting [[East Rock Park]] and the [[East Rock (neighborhood)|East Rock neighborhood]] to downtown. Since then, bike lanes have also been added to sections of Howard Ave, Elm St, Dixwell Avenue, Water Street, Clinton Avenue and State Street. The city has created recommended bike routes for getting around New Haven, including use of the Canal Trail and the Orange Street lane.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cityofnewhaven.com/CityPlan/pdfs/EnvironmentalInitiatives/Greenways/BikeMap_Front.pdf |title=City Cycle Map |website=Cityofnewhaven.com |access-date=March 12, 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605170353/https://www.cityofnewhaven.com/CityPlan/pdfs/EnvironmentalInitiatives/Greenways/BikeMap_Front.pdf |archive-date=June 5, 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cityofnewhaven.com/CityPlan/pdfs/EnvironmentalInitiatives/Greenways/BikeMap_Back.pdf |title=City Cycle Map by Region |website=Cityofnewhaven.com |access-date=March 12, 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110524014248/https://www.cityofnewhaven.com/CityPlan/pdfs/EnvironmentalInitiatives/Greenways/BikeMap_Back.pdf |archive-date=May 24, 2011 }}</ref> As of the end of 2012, bicycle lanes have also been added in both directions on Dixwell Avenue along most of the street from downtown to the Hamden town line, as well as along Howard Avenue from Yale New Haven Hospital to City Point. The city has plans to create two additional bike lanes connecting Union Station with downtown, and the [[Westville (New Haven)|Westville]] neighborhood with downtown. The city has added dozens of covered [[bicycle parking|bike parking]] spots at Union Station, in order to facilitate more bike commuting to the station.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cityofnewhaven.com/TrafficParking/BikePlanning.asp |title=Welcome to the New Haven Department of Transportation, Traffic and Parking |publisher=Cityofnewhaven.com |access-date=July 23, 2014 |archive-date=May 21, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130521045110/http://www.cityofnewhaven.com/TrafficParking/BikePlanning.asp |url-status=live }}</ref> ==== Farmington Canal Greenway ==== The [[Farmington Canal Trail]] is a [[rail trail]] that will eventually run continuously from downtown New Haven to [[Northampton, Massachusetts]]. The scenic trail follows the path of the historic [[New Haven and Northampton Company]] and the [[Farmington Canal]]. Currently, there is a continuous {{convert|14|mi|km|adj=on}} stretch of the trail from downtown, through [[Hamden, Connecticut|Hamden]] and into [[Cheshire, Connecticut|Cheshire]], making [[bicycle commuting]] between New Haven and those suburbs possible. The trail is part of the [[East Coast Greenway]], a proposed {{convert|3000|mi|km|adj=on}} bike path that would link every major city on the [[East Coast of the United States|East Coast]] from Florida to [[Maine]]. === Roads === [[File:Q Bridge in New Haven Illuminated Red, White, and Blue (27460771747).jpg|thumb|The [[Pearl Harbor Memorial Bridge (Connecticut)|Pearl Harbor Memorial Bridge]], locally known as the ''Q Bridge'', carries ten lanes over the [[Quinnipiac River]] along the [[Connecticut Turnpike]].]] New Haven lies at the intersection of [[Interstate 95 in Connecticut|Interstate 95]] on the coast—which provides access southwards and/or westwards to the western coast of Connecticut and to New York City, and eastwards to the eastern Connecticut shoreline, [[Rhode Island]], and eastern [[Massachusetts]]—and [[Interstate 91#Connecticut|Interstate 91]], which leads northward to the interior of Connecticut, Massachusetts and [[Vermont]] and the Canada–US border. I-95 is notorious for traffic jams increasing with proximity to New York City; on the east side of New Haven it passes over the [[Quinnipiac River]] via the Pearl Harbor Memorial, or "[[Pearl Harbor Memorial Bridge (Connecticut)|Q Bridge]]", which often presents a major bottleneck to traffic. I-91, however, is relatively less congested, except at the intersection with I-95 during peak travel times. The [[Oak Street Connector]] ([[Connecticut Route 34]]) intersects I-91 at exit 1, just south of the I-95/I-91 interchange, and runs northwest for a few blocks as an expressway spur into downtown before emptying onto surface roads. The [[Wilbur Cross Parkway]] ([[Connecticut Route 15]]) runs parallel to I-95 west of New Haven, turning northwards as it nears the city and then running northwards parallel to I-91 through the outer rim of New Haven and [[Hamden, Connecticut|Hamden]], offering an alternative to the I-95/I-91 journey (restricted to non-commercial vehicles). Route 15 in New Haven is the site of the only highway tunnel in the state (officially designated as [[Heroes Tunnel]]), running through [[West Rock]], home to [[West Rock Park]] and the [[Three Judges Cave]]. [[File:Heros Tunnel.jpg|thumb|left|The [[Wilbur Cross Parkway]] passes through [[West Rock]] via [[Heroes Tunnel]], the only highway tunnel in Connecticut.]] The city also has several major surface arteries. [[U.S. Route 1 in Connecticut|U.S. Route 1]] (Columbus Avenue, Union Avenue, Water Street, Forbes Avenue) runs in an east–west direction south of downtown serving [[Union Station (New Haven)|Union Station]] and leading out of the city to [[Milford, Connecticut|Milford]], [[West Haven, Connecticut|West Haven]], [[East Haven, Connecticut|East Haven]] and [[Branford, Connecticut|Branford]]. The main road from downtown heading northwest is Whalley Avenue (partly signed as [[Connecticut Route 10|Route 10]] and [[Connecticut Route 63|Route 63]]) leading to [[Westville (New Haven)|Westville]] and [[Woodbridge, Connecticut|Woodbridge]]. Heading north towards [[Hamden, Connecticut|Hamden]], there are two major thoroughfares, Dixwell Avenue and Whitney Avenue. To the northeast are Middletown Avenue ([[Connecticut Route 17|Route 17]]), which leads to the Montowese section of North Haven, and Foxon Boulevard ([[Connecticut Route 80|Route 80]]), which leads to the Foxon section of East Haven and to the town of [[North Branford, Connecticut|North Branford]]. To the west is [[Connecticut Route 34|Route 34]], which leads to the city of [[Derby, Connecticut|Derby]]. Other major intracity arteries are [[Ella Grasso]] Boulevard ([[Connecticut Route 10|Route 10]]) west of downtown, and College Street, Temple Street, Church Street, Elm Street, and Grove Street in the downtown area. Traffic safety is a major concern for drivers, pedestrians and cyclists in New Haven.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.newhavensafestreets.org |title=NewHavenSafeStreets.org |publisher=NewHavenSafeStreets.org |date=March 8, 2014 |access-date=July 23, 2014 |archive-date=August 8, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808165458/http://www.newhavensafestreets.org/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In addition to many traffic-related fatalities in the city each year, since 2005, over a dozen Yale students, staff and faculty have been killed or injured in traffic collisions on or near the campus.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.yaledailynews.com/ |title=Yale Daily News – The Oldest College Daily |work=Yale Daily News |access-date=March 11, 2010 |archive-date=March 14, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314030551/http://www.yaledailynews.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref> === Airport === [[Tweed New Haven Airport]] is located within the city limits {{convert|3|mi|0}} east of the business district, straddling the border with neighboring East Haven. Service to approximately 25 cities is provided by [[Avelo Airlines]], which established its first East Coast base at the airport in 2021. [[Breeze Airways]] plans to begin operations at Tweed in December 2024, and will provide service to 10 destinations. The airport is currently planning a runway lengthening and new terminal on the East Haven side of the airport. Bus service between [[Downtown New Haven]] and Tweed is available via the [[Connecticut Transit New Haven|CT Transit New Haven Division]]. === Seaport === [[File:Newhaven harbor pan.png|thumb|250px|Port of New Haven]] [[New Haven Harbor]] is home to the Port of New Haven, a deep-water seaport with three berths capable of hosting vessels and barges as well as the facilities required to handle [[break bulk cargo]]. The port has the capacity to load 200 trucks a day from the ground or via loading docks. [[Providence and Worcester Railroad]] provides freight rail transportation to the port, with the railroad operating a switch engine for yard movements, a private siding for loading and unloading, and trackage over the [[Tomlinson Lift Bridge]] toward the Northeast Corridor. Approximately {{convert|400000|sqft|m2|-4}} of inside storage and {{convert|50|acre|m2}} of outside storage are available at the site. Five shore cranes with a 250-ton capacity and 26 forklifts, each with a 26-ton capacity, are also available.{{citation needed|date=February 2022}} On June 17, 2013, the city commissioned the [[Nathan Hale (fireboat)|''Nathan Hale'']], a {{convert|36|foot|m}} port security vessel capable of serving [[search and rescue]], firefighting, and constabulary roles.<ref name="NewHavenRegister2013-06-17" /><ref name="Nhi2014-06-17">{{cite news |url=http://www.newhavenindependent.org/index.php/archives/entry/nathan_hale_hits_the_harbor/ |title="Nathan Hale" hits the harbor |publisher=[[New Haven Independent]] |author=Thomas MacMillan |date=June 17, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131231091954/http://www.newhavenindependent.org/index.php/archives/entry/nathan_hale_hits_the_harbor/ |archive-date=December 31, 2013 |access-date=October 25, 2014 |url-status=dead |quote=The city recently purchased the Metalcraft Firestorm 36 using grant money from the federal Department of Homeland Security. The vessel will be used by the fire and police departments for dousing fires on sea and on the shore, and search and rescue operations. }}</ref>
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