Editing Nelson, New Zealand (section)

== Transport ==

===Air transport===
[[Nelson Airport (New Zealand)|Nelson Airport]] is at [[Annesbrook]], an industrial suburb southwest of the central city. It operates a single terminal and {{convert|1,347|m|ft|abbr=off|adj=on}} runway. About a million passengers use the airport annually and it was the [[List of the busiest airports in New Zealand|fifth-busiest]] airport in New Zealand by passenger numbers in 2024. It is primarily used for domestic flights, with regular flights to and from Auckland, Christchurch, Hamilton, Kapiti Coast, Palmerston North and Wellington. [[Sounds Air]] offers flights to and from Wellington. In 2006, it received restricted international airport status to facilitate small private jets.

The airport was home to [[Air Nelson]], which operated and maintained New Zealand's largest domestic airline fleet, and is now merged into [[Air New Zealand]]. It was also the headquarters of [[Origin Pacific Airways]] until its collapse in 2006.

In February 2018, the approach road to the airport was flooded when the adjoining Jenkins Creek burst its banks during a storm that brought king tides and strong winds. The airport was closed for about one hour.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Jones |first=Katy |date=8 February 2018 |title=Airport plans unchanged after terminal shut due to storm surge |work=[[Stuff (website)|Stuff]] |url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/nelson-mail/news/101228091/airport-plans-unchanged-after-terminal-shut-due-to-storm-surge |access-date=19 May 2022 |archive-date=19 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220519013449/https://www.stuff.co.nz/nelson-mail/news/101228091/airport-plans-unchanged-after-terminal-shut-due-to-storm-surge |url-status=live }}</ref>  In 2022, the NZ SeaRise programme identified Nelson airport as an area of particular vulnerability to [[Sea level rise in New Zealand|sea level rise]], with a projected subsidence of {{convert|5|mm|in}} per year.<ref name="Bradnock-2022">{{Cite news |last=Bradnock |first=Erin |date=19 May 2022 |title=Nelson Airport 'reassessing' future with new sea-level rise data |work=[[RNZ]] |url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/467438/nelson-airport-reassessing-future-with-new-sea-level-rise-data |access-date=19 May 2022 |archive-date=19 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220519000822/https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/467438/nelson-airport-reassessing-future-with-new-sea-level-rise-data |url-status=live }}</ref>  The airport's chief executive said that the proposed runway extension would be planned around the latest sea level rise forecast, and that the airport was "here to stay", despite the concerns over the threats posed by sea level rise.<ref name="Bradnock-2022" />

===Maritime transport===
Port Nelson is the maritime gateway for the Nelson, Tasman and Marlborough regions and an important hub for economic activity. The following [[shipping companies]] call at the port:
* [[Australian National Line]] / [[CMA CGM]]
* [[Maersk Line]]
* [[Mediterranean Shipping Company]]
* [[Pacifica Shipping]]
* [[Toyofuji Shipping]]
* [[Swire Group|Swire Shipping]]

In the mid-1994, a group of local businessmen, fronted by local politician [[Owen Jennings]], proposed building a [[port|deep-water port]] featuring a one-kilometre-long wharf extending from the Boulder Bank into Tasman Bay, where giant ships could berth and manoeuvre with ease. Known as Port Kakariki, the $97 million project was to become the hub to ship West Coast coal to Asia, as well as handling logs, which would be barged across Tasman Bay from Mapua.<ref name="pie">{{cite news|date=31 July 2010|title=Pie in the (blue) sky ideas|work=[[The Nelson Mail]] |publisher=[[Stuff (website)|Stuff]]|url=http://www.stuff.co.nz/nelson-mail/lifestyle-entertainment/weekend/3978490/Pie-in-the-blue-sky-ideas|access-date=21 August 2016|archive-date=18 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170518082949/http://www.stuff.co.nz/nelson-mail/lifestyle-entertainment/weekend/3978490/Pie-in-the-blue-sky-ideas|url-status=live}}</ref>

In January 2010, the Western Blue Highway, a Nelson to [[New Plymouth]] ferry service, was proposed by [[Port Taranaki]]. However, to date, neither the [[Interislander]] nor [[Bluebridge]] have shown any interest in the route.<ref>{{cite web|date=January 2010|title=Western Blue Highway Transport Study|url=http://www.nzta.govt.nz/resources/western-blue-highway-transport-study/docs/western-blue-highway-transport-study.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029201247/http://www.nzta.govt.nz/resources/western-blue-highway-transport-study/docs/western-blue-highway-transport-study.pdf|archive-date=29 October 2013|access-date=8 August 2016|website=Nzta.govt.nz}}</ref>

The [[Anchor Shipping and Foundry Company]] was formed 31 March 1901 from the earlier companies of Nathaniel Edwards & Co (1857–1880) and the Anchor Steam Shipping Company (1880–1901). The Anchor Company never departed from its original aim of providing services to the people of Nelson and the West Coast of the South Island and was never a large company; it only owned 37 ships during its history. At its peak around 1930, there were 16 vessels in the fleet. The company operated three nightly return trips per week ferry service between Nelson and [[Wellington]] and a daily freight service was maintained between the two ports in conjunction with the Pearl Kasper Shipping Company, while another service carried general cargo on a Nelson–[[Onehunga]] route. In 1974, the Anchor Company was sold and merged into the [[Union Company]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Anchor Shipping & Foundry Co. Ltd |url=http://www.nzcoastalshipping.com/anchor.html |website=New Zealand Coastal Shipping |publisher=Nzcoastalshipping.com |access-date=3 January 2014|archive-date=15 November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131115221853/http://www.nzcoastalshipping.com/anchor.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

=== Public transport ===
[[File:Welcome to Nelson sign.JPG|thumb|The sign that welcomes visitors to Nelson]]

The passenger and freight company [[InterCity (New Zealand)#Newmans Coach Lines|Newmans Coach Lines]] was formed in Nelson in 1879, and merged with Transport Nelson in 1972.<ref name="Newmans">{{cite web |last1=Stephens |first1=Joy |title=Newman Brothers |url=http://www.theprow.org.nz/enterprise/newman-brothers/#.Y1RTvfzMJhE |website=www.theprow.org.nz |access-date=22 October 2022 |archive-date=22 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221022203737/http://www.theprow.org.nz/enterprise/newman-brothers/#.Y1RTvfzMJhE |url-status=live }}</ref> Nelson Motor Service Company ran the first motor bus in Nelson in 1906<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 November 1906 |title=COLONIST |url=https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/TC19061123.2.6 |access-date=15 January 2023 |website=paperspast.natlib.govt.nz |archive-date=15 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115060828/https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/TC19061123.2.6 |url-status=live }}</ref> and took over the Palace horse buses in 1907.<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 July 1907 |title=LOCAL AND GENERAL NEWS. NELSON EVENING MAIL |url=https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/NEM19070713.2.11 |access-date=15 January 2023 |website=paperspast.natlib.govt.nz |archive-date=15 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115060828/https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/NEM19070713.2.11 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[InterCity (New Zealand)|InterCity]] provides daily bus services connecting Nelson with towns and cities around the South Island.

Ebus provides public transport services between Nelson, [[Richmond, New Zealand|Richmond]], [[Motueka]] and [[Wakefield, New Zealand|Wakefield]] as well as on two local routes connecting [[Atawhai]], [[Nelson Hospital]], [[The Brook, Nelson|The Brook]] and the [[Nelson Airport, New Zealand|Airport]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Routes & Timetables|url=https://ebus.nz//|publisher=Nelson City Council|access-date=13 August 2023|archive-date=13 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230813011435/https://ebus.nz//|url-status=live}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Route<br />numbers !! Start !! style="width:40%;" | via !! End !! Notes
|-
|| 1 || Nelson  || [[Nelson Hospital|Hospital]], [[Bishopdale, Nelson|Bishopdale]], [[Stoke, New Zealand|Stoke]] || [[Richmond, New Zealand|Richmond]] || [[File:Wheelchair symbol.svg|15px]] [[File:Bike-icon.svg|25px]]
|-
|| 2 || Nelson  || [[Tāhunanui]], [[Annesbrook]],  [[Stoke, New Zealand|Stoke]] || [[Richmond, New Zealand|Richmond]] || [[File:Wheelchair symbol.svg|15px]] [[File:Bike-icon.svg|25px]]
|-
|| 3 || [[Atawhai]]  || [[The Wood, New Zealand|The Wood]], Nelson, [[Toi Toi]] || [[Nelson Hospital|Hospital]] || [[File:Wheelchair symbol.svg|15px]] [[File:Bike-icon.svg|25px]]
|-
|| 4 || [[Nelson Airport, New Zealand|Airport]]  || [[Washington Valley, New Zealand|Washington Valley]], Nelson, [[Nelson Marlborough Institute of Technology|NMIT]] || [[The Brook, Nelson|The Brook]] || [[File:Wheelchair symbol.svg|15px]] [[File:Bike-icon.svg|25px]]
|-
|| 5 || Nelson  || [[Richmond, New Zealand|Richmond]], [[Māpua, New Zealand|Māpua]], [[Tasman (settlement)|Tasman Village]]|| [[Motueka]] || [[File:Wheelchair symbol.svg|15px]] [[File:Bike-icon.svg|25px]]
|-
|| 6 || Nelson  || [[Richmond, New Zealand|Richmond]], [[Hope, New Zealand|Hope]], [[Brightwater]] || [[Wakefield, New Zealand|Wakefield]] || [[File:Wheelchair symbol.svg|15px]] [[File:Bike-icon.svg|25px]]
|}

The Late Late Bus is a weekend night transport service between Nelson and Richmond. NBus Cards were replaced by [[Bee Card (New Zealand)|Bee Cards]] on 3 August 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bee Card: Nelson's new electronic bus card is here|url=https://our.nelson.govt.nz/media-releases-2/bee-card-nelsons-new-electronic-bus-card-is-here/|access-date=21 August 2020|website=Our Nelson|language=en-NZ|archive-date=28 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210428122348/https://our.nelson.govt.nz/media-releases-2/bee-card-nelsons-new-electronic-bus-card-is-here/|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[Taxi]] companies include Nelson Bays Cabs, Nelson City Taxis<ref>{{cite web|title=Nelson Airport – Welcome to New Zealand's fourth busiest commercial airport|url=http://www.nelsonairport.co.nz/transport.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029202416/http://www.nelsonairport.co.nz/transport.html|archive-date=29 October 2013|access-date=26 October 2013}}</ref> and Sun City Taxis.

=== Rail transport ===
The [[Dun Mountain Railway]] was a horse-drawn tramway that served a mine from 1862 to 1901. The [[Nelson Section]] was an isolated, {{RailGauge|3ft6in}} gauge, government-owned railway line between Nelson and [[Glenhope]] that operated for {{age|1876|01|29|1955|09|03}} years between 1876 and 1955. In 1886, a route was proposed from Nelson to the junction of the [[New Zealand Midland Railway Company|Midland Railway Company]] at Buller via [[Richmond, New Zealand|Richmond]], [[Waimea West]], [[Upper Moutere]], [[Motueka]], the Motueka Valley, [[Tadmor, New Zealand|Tadmor]] and [[Glenhope]].<ref>{{cite news|date=11 November 1886|title=The Motueka-Tadmor Railway Route |work=Nelson Evening Mail |via=Papers Past |url=https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/NEM18861111.2.13|access-date=21 August 2016|archive-date=1 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161001234520/https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/NEM18861111.2.13|url-status=live}}</ref>

The only rail activity today is a short heritage operation run by the [[Nelson Railway Society]] from [[Founders Heritage Park]] using their own line between [[Wakefield Quay railway station|Wakefield Grove]] and [[Grove railway station|Grove]]. The society has proposed future extensions of their line, possibly into or near the city centre. Nelson is one of only five major urban areas in New Zealand without a rail connection – the others being [[Taupō]], [[Rotorua]], [[Gisborne, New Zealand|Gisborne]] and [[Queenstown, New Zealand|Queenstown]].{{Citation needed|date=July 2023}} There have been [[Nelson railway proposals|several proposals]] to connect Nelson to the South Island rail network, but none have come to fruition.

=== Roading ===
The Nelson urban area is served by {{NZlSH|6}}, which runs in a north to southwest direction. The highway travels through the city and nearby town of [[Richmond, New Zealand|Richmond]], continuing southwest across the plains of the [[Wairoa River (Tasman)|Wairoa]] and [[Motueka River]]s. Plans to construct a motorway linking North Nelson to [[Brightwater]] in the south have so far been unsuccessful. A number of studies have been undertaken since 2007 including the 2007 North Nelson to Brightwater Study,<ref>{{cite web|title=Tahunanui Nelson New Zealand : North Nelson to Brightwater Corridor Study|url=http://www.tahunanui.co.nz/corridor-study|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131006041519/https://www.tahunanui.co.nz/corridor-study|archive-date=6 October 2013|access-date=16 August 2013}}</ref> the Southern Link Road Project<ref>{{cite web|title=Southern Link Road, Nelson|url=http://www.tonkin.co.nz/projects/pdfs/SouthernLink.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305124003/http://www.tonkin.co.nz/projects/pdfs/SouthernLink.pdf|archive-date=5 March 2016|access-date=8 August 2016|website=Tonkin.co.nz}}</ref> and the Arterial Traffic Study.<ref>{{cite web|title=Arterial Traffic Study|url=http://www.nelsoncitycouncil.co.nz/council/plans-strategies-policies/strategies-plans-policies-reports-and-studies-a-z/arterial-traffic-study/|publisher=Nelson City Council|access-date=5 October 2013|archive-date=6 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131006121657/http://www.nelsoncitycouncil.co.nz/council/plans-strategies-policies/strategies-plans-policies-reports-and-studies-a-z/arterial-traffic-study/|url-status=live}}</ref> On 28 June 2013, the Nelson Mayor [[Aldo Miccio]] and Nelson MP [[Nick Smith (New Zealand politician)|Nick Smith]] jointly wrote to Transport Minister [[Gerry Brownlee]] seeking for the Southern Link to be given Road of National Significance (RoNS) status.<ref>{{cite news|author=Adam Roberts|date=28 June 2013|title=Bid beefs up proposal for Victory road|work=[[Stuff (website)|Stuff]]|url=http://www.stuff.co.nz/nelson-mail/news/8854105/Bid-beefs-up-proposal-for-Victory-road|access-date=26 October 2013|archive-date=29 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029193935/http://www.stuff.co.nz/nelson-mail/news/8854105/Bid-beefs-up-proposal-for-Victory-road|url-status=live}}</ref>

Other significant road projects proposed over the years include a cross-city [[tunnel]] from Tāhunanui Drive to Haven Road; or from [[Annesbrook]] (or Tāhunanui) to Emano Street in [[Victory Square, Nelson|Victory Square]]; or from Tāhunanui to [[Washington Valley, New Zealand|Washington Valley]].<ref name="pie" />